MySQL 多实例的安装
Step 1 . 准备工作
关闭防火墙; 安装 MySQL依赖于libaio 库；下载，解压，重命名 MySQL的执行文件；新建用户组和用户 等准备工作在此不再赘述。
可执行文件目录为 /data/mysql57
添加用户和组的指令
groupadd mysql
useradd mysql -g mysql
Step 2 . 添加环境变量
在/etc/profile文件中，追加 PATH=${PATH}:/data/mysql57/bin/
保存后，如需要立即生效，可执行 source /etc/profile 。
step 3 . 创建目录并授权
在data根目录下执行
mkdir -p mysql3306/data mysql3306/mysql_log mysql3306/tmp mysql3307/data mysql3307/mysql_log mysql3307/tmp mysqld_multi/log
创建记录log的文件，此步骤不可少。
touch /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.err
touch /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.err
赋予目录和文件权限
chown -R mysql.mysql mysql3* mysqld_multi
在本测试案例中，mysql57是从其它服务上copy来的，不是直接下载解压的，所以多了下面的两步授权操作。
chmod -R 755 /data/mysql57/bin
chmod -R 755 /data/mysql57/support-files
step 4 . 编辑my.cnf
复制代码
[client]
host=localhost
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4
loose-local-infile=0
[mysqld]
user=mysql
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
secure_file_priv='/tmp'
server setting
sql_mode = "ONLY_FULL_GROUP_BY,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION"
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation_server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
lower_case_table_names = 0
skip_name_resolve = 1
max_connect_errors = 1000
max_connections = 2000
thread_cache_size=256
thread_stack= 262144
back_log=80
max_allowed_packet = 134217728
event_scheduler = 1
local-infile=0
lower_case_table_names = 1
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = 1
expire_logs_days = 7
log_bin_trust_function_creators =1
.frm/.ibd files qty related
open_files_limit=65535
innodb_open_files=65535
table_open_cache=65535
table_definition_cache=65535
seesion buffer related
read_buffer_size = 262144
read_rnd_buffer_size = 524288
sort_buffer_size = 8388608
join_buffer_size = 8388608
memory table size
tmp_table_size =67108864
max_heap_table_size=67108864
timeout
interactive_timeout = 1800
wait_timeout = 1800
connect_timeout=10
slow query
slow_query_log = 1
log_slow_slave_statements = 1
log_queries_not_using_indexes = 1
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes = 10
long_query_time = 1
min_examined_row_limit = 10000
innodb settings
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 10737418240
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 16
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct = 40
innodb_lru_scan_depth = 2048
innodb_page_cleaners = 16
innodb_purge_threads = 4
innodb_sort_buffer_size = 67108864
innodb_file_per_table = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
innodb_undo_log_truncate = 1
innodb_undo_tablespaces = 3
innodb_max_undo_log_size = 2147483648
innodb_purge_rseg_truncate_frequency = 128
innodb_log_file_size = 1073741824
innodb_log_files_in_group = 3
innodb_log_buffer_size = 16777216
innodb_flush_method = O_DIRECT
innodb_flush_neighbors = 0
innodb_print_all_deadlocks = 1
innodb_strict_mode = 1
innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50
innodb_io_capacity = 32768
innodb_io_capacity_max = 65536
innodb_thread_concurrency = 32
innodb_write_io_threads = 8
innodb_read_io_threads = 8
replication settings
master_info_repository = TABLE
relay_log_info_repository = TABLE
gtid_mode = on
enforce_gtid_consistency = 1
binlog_gtid_simple_recovery=1
relay_log_recovery = 1
slave-parallel-type = LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers = 16
slave_transaction_retries=128
slave_preserve_commit_order=1
log_slave_updates=1
binlog_format = ROW
log_timestamps=system
binlog_rows_query_log_events = 1
binlog_row_image='full'
slave_skip_errors = ddl_exist_errors
semi sync replication settings
plugin_dir=/data/mysql/plugin/
plugin_load = "rpl_semi_sync_master=semisync_master.so;rpl_semi_sync_slave=semisync_slave.so"
rpl_semi_sync_master_enabled = 1
rpl_semi_sync_master_timeout = 5000
rpl_semi_sync_slave_enabled = 1
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /data/mysql57/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /data/mysql57/bin/mysqladmin
log = /data/mysqld_multi/log/mysqld_multi.log
[mysqld3306]
basedir = /data/mysql57
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/data/mysql3306/data
port=3306
server_id=102473306
socket= /tmp/mysql_3306.sock
tmpdir = /data/mysql3306/tmp
pid-file = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.pid
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306_slow_new.log
log-error = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.err
general_log_file= /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306.genlog
log-bin = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/mysql3306_bin
relay_log = /data/mysql3306/mysql_log/relay3306.log
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 90G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
[mysqld3307]
basedir = /data/mysql57
mysqladmin=mysqladmin
datadir=/data/mysql3307/data
port=3307
server_id=102473307
socket= /tmp/mysql_3307.sock
tmpdir = /data/mysql3307/tmp
pid-file = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.pid
slow_query_log_file = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307_slow_new.log
log-error = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.err
general_log_file= /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307.genlog
log-bin = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/mysql3307_bin
relay_log = /data/mysql3307/mysql_log/relay3307.log
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 90G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances = 8
[mysqldump]
quick
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step 5 . 初始化实例
初始化3306端口的实例，注意产生的临时密码。
/data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql3306/data
初始化3307端口的实例，注意产生的临时密码。
/data/mysql57/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/data/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql3307/data
step 6 . 复制生成mysqld_multi并添加到开机启动
cp /data/mysql57/support-files/mysqld_multi.server /etc/init.d/mysqld_multi
chkconfig --add mysqld_multi
step 7 . 多实例Mysqld的开启
开启全部实例
mysqld_multi start
查看开启情况（查看全部实例状态）
mysqld_multi report
开启指定实例
开启/etc/my.cnf中[mysqld3306]其中mysqld后面的数字为标签，例如3306标签
mysqld_multi start 3306
同样开启3307标签实例
mysqld_multi start 3307
（注意：此处没有说通过 mysqld_multi stop 命令进行关闭实例，为什么不说，因为命令无效。Step 9 的操作会让它变成有效）
step 8 . 第一次登入实例，修改root账号密码
多实例登入需指定 socket 参数
本测试3306实例登入的方式为：
mysql -S /tmp/mysql_3306.sock -uroot --port 3306 -p
step 9 . 赋予通过mysqld_multi stop关闭实例的权限。
关闭实例需要配置root用户及密码， 修改 /etc/my.cnf文件。
在 [client] 位置添加
user=root
password=密码
因为文件中需要保留账号密码，有安全风险。实际环境中要不要如此设置，还需根据具体情况和安全要求而定。
经过以上步骤的操作，此服务器成功安装了2个MySQL实例，一个Port为3306，另一个Port为3307
原文地址https://www.cnblogs.com/xuliuzai/p/10732833.html
