puppet变量定义：
由字母[a-z]、[A-Z]、[0-9]和下划线(_)组成，且大小写敏感,puppet中变量必须以"$"为前缀后接"="进行赋值.
变量可以保存字符串、数值、布尔型、数组、哈希和特殊的undef值.
文章写puppet变量的赋值、作用域和Facter变量.
puppet 变量赋值.
示例:
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class apache ($sta =
"present"
) {
package {
"httpd"
:
ensure=> $sta,
}
}
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注意:$sta就是变量，声明变量的值为present.
puppet还支持变量之间赋值，变量之间赋值必须使用双引号，双引号会解析变量中的值后再次赋值变量，如果使用单引号则无法解析变量的值.
示例:
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$status=1
$value=
"$status"
notify {
"status is $value"
:}
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注释(下):包含字符串的变量赋值时推荐使用{},以便更好的识别变量名.(不加也没问题输出也是正确的)
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$status=3.1415926
$value=
"statis is ${status}"
notify {
"this is $value"
:}
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puppet变量不支持重复赋值,大部分其他变成语言支持重复赋值.shell就支持通一个变量多次赋值.
错误示例：
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$content=
"this is file"
file
{
"/tmp/text.txt"
:
ensure=>
file
,
content=>
"$content"
,
}
$content=
"my name is lisi."
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agent端更新会报错:
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Error: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 400 on SERVER: Cannot reassign variable content at
/etc/puppet/modules/admin/manifests/init
.pp:13 on node sh-web1.localdomain
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正确示例:
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$content=
"this is file"
file
{
"/tmp/text.txt"
:
ensure=>
file
,
content=>
"$content"
,
}
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Agent端更新:
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[root@sh-web1 ~]
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog
for
sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version
'1505842152'
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Admin/Exec
[selinux]
/returns
: executed successfully
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Admin/File
[
/tmp/text
.txt]
/ensure
: defined content as
'{md5}ee93ffc81f3898fcba28a1d0e72c0029'
Notice: Finished catalog run
in
0.30 seconds
[root@sh-web1 ~]
# cat /tmp/text.txt
this is
file
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变量的作用域:
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$content变量分别定义于
top
域、node域和
local
域.
示例：
$content=
"top"
node base {
include admin
$content=
"node"
}
node
/sh-
(proxy|web)\d+/ inherits base {
case
$::
hostname
{
/sh-proxy
\d+/: {
include apache
user {
"test1"
:
ensure => present,
}
}
"sh-web1"
: {
include nginx::nginxconf
$content=
"sh-web1"
notify {
"this value is $content"
:}
}
}
}
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Agent端更新:
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[root@sh-web1 ~]
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog
for
sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version
'1505844151'
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Admin/Exec
[selinux]
/returns
: executed successfully
Notice: this value is sh-web1
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Main/Node
[sh-proxywebd]
/Notify
[this value is sh-web1]
/message
: defined
'message'
as
'this value is sh-web1'
Notice: Finished catalog run
in
0.25 seconds
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注意:当top、node和local作用域同时定义相应变量,local优先级高于top和node作用域.
$content变量定义于top域和node域，local域并未定义但却可以调用top域和node域的变量.
示例:
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$content=
"top"
node base {
include admin
$content=
"node"
}
node
/sh-
(proxy|web)\d+/ inherits base {
case
$::
hostname
{
/sh-proxy
\d+/: {
include apache
user {
"test1"
:
ensure => present,
}
}
"sh-web1"
: {
include nginx::nginxconf
notify {
"this value is $content"
:}
}
}
}
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Agent端更新:
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[root@sh-web1 ~]
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog
for
sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version
'1505844281'
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Admin/Exec
[selinux]
/returns
: executed successfully
Notice: this value is node
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Main/Node
[sh-proxywebd]
/Notify
[this value is node]
/message
: defined
'message'
as
'this value is node'
Notice: Finished catalog run
in
0.26 seconds
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注意:local作用域若没有定义变量但可以引用top和node作用域变量的值,默认node优先级大于top，顺序从内向外.
$content变量分别在node域和local域定义，top域却调用不到变量的值.
示例:
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notify {
"this value is $content"
:}
node base {
include admin
$content=
"node"
}
node
/sh-
(proxy|web)\d+/ inherits base {
case
$::
hostname
{
/sh-proxy
\d+/: {
include apache
user {
"test1"
:
ensure => present,
}
}
"sh-web1"
: {
include nginx::nginxconf
$content=
"sh-web1"
}
}
}
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Agent端更新:
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[root@sh-web1 ~]
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog
for
sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version
'1505844582'
Notice: this value is
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Main/Notify
[this value is ]
/message
: defined
'message'
as
'this value is '
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Admin/Exec
[selinux]
/returns
: executed successfully
Notice: Finished catalog run
in
0.27 seconds
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注意:变量值为空,意味着top作用域并不能引用node和local作用域的值.
Facter变量
Facter是一款扩展性强且功能强大的跨平台的系统性能分析收集工具，它可以收集Agent的信息,并将收集到的Agent信息作为变量传给master使用，在puppet中这些变量均为top作用域变量，可以在puppet中的任何位置调用他们.
直接运行facter命令：
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[root@puppet ~]
# facter
architecture => x86_64
augeasversion => 1.0.0
bios_release_date => 07
/02/2015
bios_vendor => Phoenix Technologies LTD
bios_version => 6.00
blockdevice_sda_model => VMware Virtual S
blockdevice_sda_size => 32212254720
blockdevice_sda_vendor => VMware,
blockdevice_sr0_model => VMware SATA CD01
blockdevice_sr0_size => 4467982336
blockdevice_sr0_vendor => NECVMWar
blockdevices => sda,sr0
boardmanufacturer => Intel Corporation
boardproductname => 440BX Desktop Reference Platform
boardserialnumber => None
domain => localdomain
facterversion => 2.4.6
filesystems => ext4,iso9660
fqdn => puppet.localdomain
gid => root
hardwareisa => x86_64
hardwaremodel => x86_64
hostname
=> puppet
id
=> root
interfaces => eth0,lo
ipaddress => 192.168.30.134
ipaddress_eth0 => 192.168.30.134
ipaddress_lo => 127.0.0.1
is_virtual =>
true
kernel => Linux
kernelmajversion => 2.6
kernelrelease => 2.6.32-431.el6.x86_64
kernelversion => 2.6.32
lsbdistcodename => Final
lsbdistdescription => CentOS release 6.5 (Final)
lsbdistid => CentOS
lsbdistrelease => 6.5
lsbmajdistrelease => 6
lsbminordistrelease => 5
lsbrelease => :base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch
macaddress => 00:0C:29:53:DD:61
macaddress_eth0 => 00:0C:29:53:DD:61
manufacturer => VMware, Inc.
memoryfree => 1.56 GB
memoryfree_mb => 1600.11
memorysize => 1.82 GB
memorysize_mb => 1861.87
mtu_eth0 => 1500
mtu_lo => 16436
netmask => 255.255.255.0
netmask_eth0 => 255.255.255.0
netmask_lo => 255.0.0.0
network_eth0 => 192.168.30.0
network_lo => 127.0.0.0
operatingsystem => CentOS
operatingsystemmajrelease => 6
operatingsystemrelease => 6.5
os => {
"name"
=>
"CentOS"
,
"lsb"
=>{
"distid"
=>
"CentOS"
,
"distdescription"
=>
"CentOS release 6.5 (Final)"
,
"distcodename"
=>
"Final"
,
"majdistrelease"
=>
"6"
,
"minordistrelease"
=>
"5"
,
"distrelease"
=>
"6.5"
,
"release"
=>
":base-4.0-amd64:base-4.0-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch"
},
"family"
=>
"RedHat"
,
"release"
=>{
"full"
=>
"6.5"
,
"minor"
=>
"5"
,
"major"
=>
"6"
}}
osfamily => RedHat
partitions => {
"sda1"
=>{
"filesystem"
=>
"ext4"
,
"uuid"
=>
"917f7d76-ead2-4a7a-9c36-e5da5dde658d"
,
"mount"
=>
"/boot"
,
"size"
=>
"1024000"
},
"sda2"
=>{
"filesystem"
=>
"LVM2_member"
,
"size"
=>
"61888512"
}}
path =>
/usr/lib64/qt-3
.3
/bin
:
/usr/local/sbin
:
/usr/local/bin
:
/sbin
:
/bin
:
/usr/sbin
:
/usr/bin
:
/root/bin
physicalprocessorcount => 1
processor0 => Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4590 CPU @ 3.30GHz
processorcount => 1
processors => {
"physicalcount"
=>1,
"models"
=>[
"Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4590 CPU @ 3.30GHz"
],
"count"
=>1}
productname => VMware Virtual Platform
ps
=>
ps
-ef
puppetversion => 3.8.7
rubyplatform => x86_64-linux
rubysitedir =>
/usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1
.8
rubyversion => 1.8.7
selinux =>
false
serialnumber => VMware-56 4d 78 db 2d 64 3c 00-a9 b8 0a 12 14 53
dd
61
sshdsakey => AAAAB3NzaC1kc3MAAACBAMWqA+bZeB11WxxdVpUG0vBTz9lsh58jNeRzGd4AdfS5czaDiVvWwpE77KePHJhXgJwMah
/4KzZi
+
/nTx/lNlhhkaoyWEGy8F0RGEm4z9IKt0vA7ic6TXItge1HVH/QFuP657HCNBh6vGpALhQT50IiG6iAk
+IVKkEodv9pV3nVlAAAAFQCYDwsefL0eVK
/eBj1BOzTBaflLuwAAAIAhmRyHOAyMuNmbhFAISEoxuNqdaCvQK/JuxlE
+KAWFFTq7U4wqzn
/syPM4Rygauw3BA6JXzVrJhfRQiBg7TvObqlIOHRlqOu
+9hy684OjpHRKmKONAPjaIjnDUp0F5lV2iOrmN8mqPbRLbfzP7
/p/Cb09r51BFRfpOdozpDPt74wAAAIAY/BeBxyscThPiE/0VTzANsryL4
+Bu
//18qVaf5fTmeha3RSxqPBWkZR144hd8eLYZBcYx7jmvEtWuMAxxvK6K5dJfPCD5h0r2DFD36yhl1VdLuFS1ywSTxMDd3VvSrrdbACf
+whzZ1ykC9FXOY3j2uU3tOa8CAxF8tERuSO
/KkA
==
sshfp_dsa => SSHFP 2 1 917530c4885fa74246bdf7d34478fcf495ea1748
SSHFP 2 2 b65a9c7944c55dbc7fb7ff39f83cc11518730dc433b2abd0d52fc33040354f97
sshfp_rsa => SSHFP 1 1 0e3b51b07ee0e3d76f5888d28f33de9953e9e2b5
SSHFP 1 2 e4f8efe594408450015f3f2a9571f1cbd611d031b0bbc0568b1d6f9262cf98ae
sshrsakey => AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAABIwAAAQEAzsUKTsQ1M3ccxgmm9yN
/LqvOxnRRaDJfDGNQaRmEFi96pII2v215gak02fEkVMr116oGC9gAu7Dfwm08p3zdmDh7Lhx
+V286scgPeacAD8Lb3jj5F5hXRzBKz6E8oasi34
/FQZ7fUa7k5gaQ0Jv1mkjW89WsH4F5emlD5pA75Gxjcb9nf4UV1OVl4jhZXj21xvWVoJIbNCcTTSn8m7ImJ7eSs6/fWCGh7tdJViwaMhwRG4hV3n4fcC7dXM0Ol8jMm8i5bLWtk050
+gJ4GeJKveSkN4RzFaowkiFp7m5W6Gc4hXfQGzk8epwpsdWdvJu0oBKV+SvBBBNsJ+kA7fHNrw==
swapfree => 3.00 GB
swapfree_mb => 3071.99
swapsize => 3.00 GB
swapsize_mb => 3071.99
system_uptime => {
"seconds"
=>60398,
"uptime"
=>
"16:46 hours"
,
"hours"
=>16,
"days"
=>0}
timezone => CST
type
=> Other
uniqueid => a8c0861e
uptime => 16:46 hours
uptime_days => 0
uptime_hours => 16
uptime_seconds => 60398
uuid => DB784D56-642D-003C-A9B8-0A121453DD61
virtual => vmware
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示例:
sh-web1主机引用facter变量ipaddress_eth0.
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node base {
include admin
}
node
/sh-
(proxy|web)\d+/ inherits base {
case
$::
hostname
{
/sh-proxy
\d+/: {
include apache
user {
"test1"
:
ensure => present,
}
}
"sh-web1"
: {
include nginx::nginxconf
notify {
"hostip is $ipaddress_eth0"
:}
}
}
}
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sh-web1 puppet agent端更新信息:
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[root@sh-web1 ~]
# puppet agent -t
Notice: Ignoring --listen on onetime run
Info: Retrieving pluginfacts
Info: Retrieving plugin
Info: Caching catalog
for
sh-web1.localdomain
Info: Applying configuration version
'1505901622'
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Admin/Exec
[selinux]
/returns
: executed successfully
Notice: hostip is 192.168.30.131
Notice:
/Stage
[main]
/Main/Node
[sh-proxywebd]
/Notify
[hostip is 192.168.30.131]
/message
: defined
'message'
as
'hostip is 192.168.30.131'
Notice: Finished catalog run
in
0.27 seconds
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扩展:
puppet 内置变量
puppet的内置变量由puppet.conf配置文件定义，并在puppet代码文件中可以直接使用的变量称为内置变量.内置变量分为Agent内置变量和Master内置变量.
Agent端的内置变量:
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$environment：客户端引用的环境代码
$clientcert:客户端认证
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Master内置变量:
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$servername:Master的fqdn
$serverip:Master的ip。
$module_name:Master中模块的名字.
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本文转自青衫解衣 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/215687833/1967162
