CentOS 6.8默认的gcc是4.4.7，需要将gcc升级到4.9，目前最新的是7.1，默认yum更新是无法升级到4.9的，这里我手动升级到4.9.
下载地址：http://gcc.skazkaforyou.com/releases
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
|
[root@localhost src]
# wget
[root@localhost src]
# wget http://gcc.skazkaforyou.com/releases/gcc-4.9.1/md5.sum
[root@localhost src]
# md5sum gcc-4.9.1.tar.bz2
fddf71348546af523353bd43d34919c1 gcc-4.9.1.
tar
.bz2
[root@localhost src]
# cat md5.sum
fddf71348546af523353bd43d34919c1 gcc-4.9.1.
tar
.bz2
b188a3c9be25ddbf36b4fa6f04aaafaa gcc-4.9.1.
tar
.gz
b9fcbc7f54402170505ec0cde21d794f sha512.
sum
[root@localhost src]
# tar -jxvf gcc-4.9.1.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]
# cd gcc-4.9.1
#下面脚本会自动帮你下载、配置、安装所需要的依赖文件和库，gcc需要gmp、mpfr、mpc
[root@localhost gcc-4.9.1]
# ./contrib/download_prerequisites
[root@localhost gcc-4.9.1]
# rpm -qa | egrep "gmp|mpfr|mpc"
gmp-4.3.1-10.el6.x86_64
libmpcdec-1.2.6-6.1.el6.x86_64
mpfr-2.4.1-6.el6.x86_64
#建立输出目录并到目录里，将所有的中间文件都放到该目录，
[root@localhost gcc-4.9.1]
# mkdir gcc-build
[root@localhost gcc-4.9.1]
# cd gcc-build/
[root@localhost gcc-build]
# ../configure --enable-checking=release --enable-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
[root@localhost gcc-build]
# make
[root@localhost gcc-build]
# make install
|
–enable-languages表示你要让你的gcc支持那些语言，
–disable-multilib不生成编译为其他平台可执行代码的交叉编译器。如果不加该参数编译时候会提示configure: error: I suspect your system does not have 32-bit developement libraries (libc and headers). If you have them, rerun configure with --enable-multilib. If you do not have them, and want to build a 64-bit-only compiler, rerun configure with --disable-multilib.
–disable-checking生成的编译器在编译过程中不做额外检查，也可以使用–enable-checking=xxx来增加一些检查；
make 非常耗时，我一台机器用了将近90分钟
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
|
#验证：gcc -v；或者g++ -v
[root@localhost ~]
# gcc -v
Using built-
in
specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=
/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4
.9.1
/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configured with: ..
/configure
--
enable
-checking=release --
enable
-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.1 (GCC)
[root@localhost ~]
# g++ -v
Using built-
in
specs.
COLLECT_GCC=g++
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=
/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4
.9.1
/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configured with: ..
/configure
--
enable
-checking=release --
enable
-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.1 (GCC)
[root@localhost gcc-build]
# which gcc
/usr/local/bin/gcc
[root@localhost gcc-build]
# /usr/local/bin/gcc -v
Using built-
in
specs.
COLLECT_GCC=
/usr/local/bin/gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=
/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4
.9.1
/lto-wrapper
Target: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
Configured with: ..
/configure
--
enable
-checking=release --
enable
-languages=c,c++ --disable-multilib
Thread model: posix
gcc version 4.9.1 (GCC)
[root@localhost gcc-build]
#
|
如果显示的gcc版本仍是以前的版本需要重新连接或者重启，或者可以查看gcc的安装位置：which gcc；然后在查看版本 /usr/local/bin/gcc -v，通常gcc都安装在该处位置
GMP, MPFR, MPC这三个库可以从ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/上下载，也可以直接从各自官网上下载：
http://gmplib.org/
http://www.mpfr.org/
http://www.multiprecision.org/
1、安装GMP
MPFR和MPC都依赖于GMP包，所以首先安装GMP
|
1
2
3
|
[root@localhost src]
# wget ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/gmp-4.3.2.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]
# tar jxvf gmp-4.3.2.tar.bz2
[root@localhost gmp-4.3.2]
# ./configure && make && make install
|
可以使用配置参数--prefix=指定安装位置，这里使用默认/usr/local/include和/usr/local/lib
2、安装MPFR
|
1
2
3
4
5
|
[root@localhost src]
# wget ftp://gcc.gnu.org/pub/gcc/infrastructure/mpfr-2.4.2.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]
# tar -jxvf mpfr-2.4.2.tar.bz2
[root@localhost src]
# cd mpfr-2.4.2
[root@localhost mpfr-2.4.2]
# ./configure --with-gmp-include=/usr/local/include --with-gmp-lib=/usr/local/lib
[root@localhost mpfr-2.4.2]
# make && make install
|
3、安装MPC
|
1
2
3
4
|
[root@localhost src]
# wget
[root@localhost src]
# tar -zxvf mpc-0.8.1.tar.gz
[root@localhost mpc-0.8.1]
# ./configure --with-gmp-include=/usr/local/include --with-gmp-lib=/usr/local/lib
[root@localhost mpc-0.8.1]
# make && make install
|
都是安装在默认位置/usr/local/include和/usr/local/lib，为了防止GCC编译时找不到这三个库，需要确认库位置是否在环境变量LD_LIBRARY_PATH中，
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
|
[root@localhost mpc-0.8.1]
# echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
[root@localhost mpc-0.8.1]
# vim /etc/profile
export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:
/usr/local/lib64
[root@localhost mpc-0.8.1]
# source !$
source
/etc/profile
[root@localhost mpc-0.8.1]
# echo $LD_LIBRARY_PATH
:
/usr/local/lib64
[root@localhost mpc-0.8.1]
#
|
/usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6: version `GLIBCXX_3.4.15' not found
缺少GLIBCXX_3.4.15版本，或是更高的版本。
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
|
[root@localhost mpc-0.8.1]
# strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX
GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
GLIBCXX_3.4.2
GLIBCXX_3.4.3
GLIBCXX_3.4.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.5
GLIBCXX_3.4.6
GLIBCXX_3.4.7
GLIBCXX_3.4.8
GLIBCXX_3.4.9
GLIBCXX_3.4.10
GLIBCXX_3.4.11
GLIBCXX_3.4.12
GLIBCXX_3.4.13
GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW
GLIBCXX_DEBUG_MESSAGE_LENGTH
[root@localhost lib64]
# ll /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 19 Jul 21 13:38
/usr/lib64/libstdc
++.so.6 -> libstdc++.so.6.0.13
[root@localhost lib64]
# strings /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.20|grep -i GLIBCXX
GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
GLIBCXX_3.4.2
GLIBCXX_3.4.3
GLIBCXX_3.4.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.5
GLIBCXX_3.4.6
GLIBCXX_3.4.7
GLIBCXX_3.4.8
GLIBCXX_3.4.9
GLIBCXX_3.4.10
GLIBCXX_3.4.11
GLIBCXX_3.4.12
GLIBCXX_3.4.13
GLIBCXX_3.4.14
GLIBCXX_3.4.15
GLIBCXX_3.4.16
GLIBCXX_3.4.17
GLIBCXX_3.4.18
GLIBCXX_3.4.19
GLIBCXX_3.4.20
GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW
GLIBCXX_DEBUG_MESSAGE_LENGTH
[root@localhost
|
如果gcc更新到了4.9一般不会出现该报错，如果libstdc++.so.6.0.20有对应版本把这份软链到正确的地方
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
|
[root@localhost lib64]
# cp /usr/local/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.20 /usr/lib64/
[root@localhost lib64]
# rm -rf /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
[root@localhost lib64]
# ln -s /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.20 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
[root@localhost lib64]
# strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX
GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
GLIBCXX_3.4.2
GLIBCXX_3.4.3
GLIBCXX_3.4.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.5
GLIBCXX_3.4.6
GLIBCXX_3.4.7
GLIBCXX_3.4.8
GLIBCXX_3.4.9
GLIBCXX_3.4.10
GLIBCXX_3.4.11
GLIBCXX_3.4.12
GLIBCXX_3.4.13
GLIBCXX_3.4.14
GLIBCXX_3.4.15
GLIBCXX_3.4.16
GLIBCXX_3.4.17
GLIBCXX_3.4.18
GLIBCXX_3.4.19
GLIBCXX_3.4.20
GLIBCXX_FORCE_NEW
GLIBCXX_DEBUG_MESSAGE_LENGTH
[root@localhost lib64]
#
|
如果没有libstdc++.so.6.0.20需要手动安装libstdc++.so.6.0.14或者更高版本，
32位系统：http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/g/gcc-4.7/libstdc++6_4.7.2-5_i386.deb
64位系统:http://ftp.de.debian.org/debian/pool/main/g/gcc-4.7/libstdc++6_4.7.2-5_amd64.deb
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
|
[root@localhost src]
# wget
[root@localhost src]
# ar -x libstdc++6_4.7.2-5_amd64.deb && tar xvf data.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]
# cd usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/
[root@localhost x86_64-linux-gnu]
# cp libstdc++.so.6.0.17 /usr/lib64/
[root@localhost x86_64-linux-gnu]
# rm -rf /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
[root@localhost x86_64-linux-gnu]
# ln /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6.0.17 /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6
[root@localhost x86_64-linux-gnu]
# strings /usr/lib64/libstdc++.so.6 | grep GLIBCXX
GLIBCXX_3.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.1
GLIBCXX_3.4.2
GLIBCXX_3.4.3
GLIBCXX_3.4.4
GLIBCXX_3.4.5
GLIBCXX_3.4.6
GLIBCXX_3.4.7
GLIBCXX_3.4.8
GLIBCXX_3.4.9
GLIBCXX_3.4.10
GLIBCXX_3.4.11
GLIBCXX_3.4.12
GLIBCXX_3.4.13
GLIBCXX_3.4.14
GLIBCXX_3.4.15
GLIBCXX_3.4.16
GLIBCXX_3.4.17
GLIBCXX_DEBUG_MESSAGE_LENGTH
[root@localhost x86_64-linux-gnu]
#
|
/usr/lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found
解决思路同上
|
1
2
|
[root@localhost app]
# ./redis startRedis Server [port 6979] is starting [ /app/redis6979/bin/redis-server: /lib64/libc.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.14' not found (required by /app/redis6979/bin/redis-server)
/app/redis6979/bin/redis-server
:
/lib64/libc
.so.6: version `GLIBC_2.17' not found (required by
/app/redis6979/bin/redis-server
)
|
原因是系统的glibc版本太低，软件编译时使用了较高版本的glibc引起的
查看系统glibc支持的版本：
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
|
[root@localhost app]
# strings /lib64/libc.so.6 |grep GLIBC_
GLIBC_2.2.5
GLIBC_2.2.6
GLIBC_2.3
GLIBC_2.3.2
GLIBC_2.3.3
GLIBC_2.3.4
GLIBC_2.4
GLIBC_2.5
GLIBC_2.6
GLIBC_2.7
GLIBC_2.8
GLIBC_2.9
GLIBC_2.10
GLIBC_2.11
GLIBC_2.12
GLIBC_PRIVATE
[root@localhost app]
# rpm -qa |grep glibc
glibc-common-2.12-1.209.el6.x86_64
glibc-devel-2.12-1.209.el6.x86_64
glibc-headers-2.12-1.209.el6.x86_64
glibc-2.12-1.209.el6.x86_64
[root@localhost app]
#
|
可以看到最高只支持2.12版本，到http://www.gnu.org/software/libc/下载最新版本
http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/gnu/libc/glibc-2.14.tar.xz
http://mirror.bjtu.edu.cn/gnu/libc/glibc-2.17.tar.xz
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
|
[root@localhost app]
# tar xvf glibc-2.14.tar.xz
[root@localhost app]
# cd glibc-2.14
[root@localhost glibc-2.14]
# mkdir build
[root@localhost glibc-2.14]
# cd build/
[root@localhost build]
# ../configure --prefix=/app/glibc
[root@localhost build]
# make -j4
[root@localhost build]
# make install
|
同上安装glibc-2.17
最后加入环境变量
|
1
2
3
|
[root@localhost app]
# vim /etc/profile
export
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=
/app/glibc/lib
:
/app/glibc2
.17
/lib
:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
[root@localhost build]
# source !$
|
本文转自 justin_peng 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/ityunwei2017/1949775，如需转载请自行联系原作者
