在下面的内容中,我将介绍基于SpringMVC的一些Cookie常用操作,包括:cookie的增、删、改、查
一 Cookie的属性简介
对于一个Cookie来说,一般有以下几个属性:
Name:一个cookie的名字
Value:一个cookie的值
Domain:可以访问该cookie的域名。非顶级域名,如二级域名或者三级域名,设置的cookie的domain只能为顶级域名或者二级域名或者三级域名本身,不能设置其他二级域名的cookie,否则cookie无法生成;顶级域名只能设置domain为顶级域名,不能设置为二级域名或者三级域名,否则cookie无法生成;二级域名能读取设置了domain为顶级域名或者自身的cookie,不能读取其他二级域名domain的cookie。所以要想cookie在多个二级域名中共享,需要设置domain为顶级域名,这样就可以在所有二级域名里面或者到这个cookie的值了;顶级域名只能获取到domain设置为顶级域名的cookie,其他domain设置为二级域名的无法获取
Path:可以访问此cookie的页面路径
Expires/Max-Age:该cookie的超时时间。若设置为一个具体的时间,那么当到达此时间后,此cookie失效;不设置的话默认值是Session,当前会话结束后该cookie失效(PS:比如关闭浏览器)
Size:该cookie的大小
HTTP:cookie的httponly属性。若此属性为true,那么在客户端则不能通过脚本(PS:比如JavaScript)来读取该cookie值
Secure:若此属性为true,cookie 只能在 HTTPS 连接中被浏览器传递到服务器端进行会话验证,如果是 HTTP 连接则不会传递该cookie
注:该视图可以在浏览器中按F12,在Resources栏目中看到
二 关于Cookie的一个简单入门示例
(1)在一个Controller中手动设置cookie的一些参数:
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@RequestMapping
(
"/hello.html"
)
public
ModelAndView hello(
@CookieValue
(name=
"hitCounter"
,defaultValue=
"0"
)Long hitCounter,HttpServletResponse response){
ModelAndView mAndView =
new
ModelAndView(
"hello"
);
hitCounter++;
Cookie hit =
new
Cookie(
"hitCounter"
, hitCounter.toString());
hit.setHttpOnly(
true
);
//如果设置了"HttpOnly"属性,那么通过程序(JS脚本、Applet等)将无法访问该Cookie
hit.setMaxAge(
60
*
60
);
//设置生存期为1小时
// hit.setDomain("www.zifansky.cn"); //子域,在这个子域下才可以访问该Cookie
// hit.setPath("/hello"); //在这个路径下面的页面才可以访问该Cookie
// hit.setSecure(true); //如果设置了Secure,则只有当使用https协议连接时cookie才可以被页面访问
response.addCookie(hit);
return
mAndView;
}
|
在这里,通过手动创建了一个cookie,并设置了一系列的参数,最后通过HttpServletResponse传递到返回页中
(2)hello.jsp页面:
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
meta
http-equiv
=
"Content-Type"
content
=
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
>
<
title
>SpringMVC Cookie Demo</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
div
align
=
"center"
>
<
h2
>SpringMVC Cookie Demo</
h2
>
Page hit counter: <
b
> ${cookie.hitCounter.value} </
b
>
</
div
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
|
最后的显示效果如下:
然后每次刷新页面,页面中的数字都会增加
三 Cookie的增删改查示例
(1)新建一个CookieUtils类,用于写cookie的基本增删改查:
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package
cn.zifangsky.utils;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import
javax.servlet.http.Cookie;
import
javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
public
class
CookieUtils {
/**
* 添加一个新Cookie
*
* @author zifangsky
* @param response
* HttpServletResponse
* @param cookie
* 新cookie
*
* @return null
*/
public
static
void
addCookie(HttpServletResponse response, Cookie cookie) {
if
(cookie !=
null
)
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
/**
* 添加一个新Cookie
*
* @author zifangsky
* @param response
* HttpServletResponse
* @param cookieName
* cookie名称
* @param cookieValue
* cookie值
* @param domain
* cookie所属的子域
* @param httpOnly
* 是否将cookie设置成HttpOnly
* @param maxAge
* 设置cookie的最大生存期
* @param path
* 设置cookie路径
* @param secure
* 是否只允许HTTPS访问
*
* @return null
*/
public
static
void
addCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, String domain,
boolean
httpOnly,
int
maxAge, String path,
boolean
secure) {
if
(cookieName !=
null
&& !cookieName.equals(
""
)) {
if
(cookieValue ==
null
)
cookieValue =
""
;
Cookie newCookie =
new
Cookie(cookieName, cookieValue);
if
(domain !=
null
)
newCookie.setDomain(domain);
newCookie.setHttpOnly(httpOnly);
if
(maxAge >
0
)
newCookie.setMaxAge(maxAge);
if
(path ==
null
)
newCookie.setPath(
"/"
);
else
newCookie.setPath(path);
newCookie.setSecure(secure);
addCookie(response, newCookie);
}
}
/**
* 添加一个新Cookie
*
* @author zifangsky
* @param response
* HttpServletResponse
* @param cookieName
* cookie名称
* @param cookieValue
* cookie值
* @param domain
* cookie所属的子域
*
* @return null
*/
public
static
void
addCookie(HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName, String cookieValue, String domain) {
addCookie(response, cookieName, cookieValue, domain,
true
, CookieConstantTable.COOKIE_MAX_AGE,
"/"
,
false
);
}
/**
* 根据Cookie名获取对应的Cookie
*
* @author zifangsky
* @param request
* HttpServletRequest
* @param cookieName
* cookie名称
*
* @return 对应cookie,如果不存在则返回null
*/
public
static
Cookie getCookie(HttpServletRequest request, String cookieName) {
Cookie[] cookies = request.getCookies();
if
(cookies ==
null
|| cookieName ==
null
|| cookieName.equals(
""
))
return
null
;
for
(Cookie c : cookies) {
if
(c.getName().equals(cookieName))
return
(Cookie) c;
}
return
null
;
}
/**
* 根据Cookie名获取对应的Cookie值
*
* @author zifangsky
* @param request
* HttpServletRequest
* @param cookieName
* cookie名称
*
* @return 对应cookie值,如果不存在则返回null
*/
public
static
String getCookieValue(HttpServletRequest request, String cookieName) {
Cookie cookie = getCookie(request, cookieName);
if
(cookie ==
null
)
return
null
;
else
return
cookie.getValue();
}
/**
* 删除指定Cookie
*
* @author zifangsky
* @param response
* HttpServletResponse
* @param cookie
* 待删除cookie
*/
public
static
void
delCookie(HttpServletResponse response, Cookie cookie) {
if
(cookie !=
null
) {
cookie.setPath(
"/"
);
cookie.setMaxAge(
0
);
cookie.setValue(
null
);
response.addCookie(cookie);
}
}
/**
* 根据cookie名删除指定的cookie
*
* @author zifangsky
* @param request
* HttpServletRequest
* @param response
* HttpServletResponse
* @param cookieName
* 待删除cookie名
*/
public
static
void
delCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName) {
Cookie c = getCookie(request, cookieName);
if
(c !=
null
&& c.getName().equals(cookieName)) {
delCookie(response, c);
}
}
/**
* 根据cookie名修改指定的cookie
*
* @author zifangsky
* @param request
* HttpServletRequest
* @param response
* HttpServletResponse
* @param cookieName
* cookie名
* @param cookieValue
* 修改之后的cookie值
* @param domain
* 修改之后的domain值
*/
public
static
void
editCookie(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, String cookieName,
String cookieValue,String domain) {
Cookie c = getCookie(request, cookieName);
if
(c !=
null
&& cookieName !=
null
&& !cookieName.equals(
""
) && c.getName().equals(cookieName)) {
addCookie(response, cookieName, cookieValue, domain);
}
}
}
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注:上面用到的CookieConstantTable类,其内容如下:
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package
cn.zifangsky.utils;
public
class
CookieConstantTable {
// cookie的有效期默认为30天
public
final
static
int
COOKIE_MAX_AGE =
60
*
60
*
24
*
30
;
//cookie加密时的额外的salt
public
final
static
String salt =
"www.zifangsky.cn"
;
//自动登录的Cookie名
public
final
static
String RememberMe =
"remember-me"
;
}
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(2)在上面的controller中新添加几个方法:
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@RequestMapping
(
"/testAddCookie.html"
)
public
ModelAndView addCookie(HttpServletResponse response){
ModelAndView mAndView =
new
ModelAndView(
"show"
);
// CookieUtils.addCookie(response, "test_addCookie", UUID.randomUUID().toString(), null);
CookieUtils.addCookie(response,
"test_2"
, UUID.randomUUID().toString() +
new
Random(
1000
).nextInt(),
"localhost"
);
return
mAndView;
}
@RequestMapping
(
"/testGetCookie.html"
)
public
void
getCookie(HttpServletRequest request){
System.out.println(CookieUtils.getCookieValue(request,
"test_2"
));
}
@RequestMapping
(
"/testEditCookie.html"
)
public
ModelAndView editCookie(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){
ModelAndView mAndView =
new
ModelAndView(
"show"
);
CookieUtils.editCookie(request, response,
"test_2"
,
"editeditedit"
,
"localhost"
);
return
mAndView;
}
@RequestMapping
(
"/testDelCookie.html"
)
public
void
delCookie(HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response){
CookieUtils.delCookie(request, response,
"test_2"
);
}
}
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(3)显示cookie的show.jsp页面:
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<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<
html
>
<
head
>
<
meta
http-equiv
=
"Content-Type"
content
=
"text/html; charset=UTF-8"
>
<
base
href="<%=basePath%>">
<
title
>SpringMVC Cookie Demo</
title
>
</
head
>
<
body
>
<
div
align
=
"center"
>
<
h2
>SpringMVC Cookie Demo</
h2
>
The Cookie is: <
b
> ${cookie.test_2.value} </
b
>
</
div
>
</
body
>
</
html
>
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(4)效果测试:
i)新建cookie:
访问:http://localhost:9180/CookieDemo/testAddCookie.html
ii)获取cookie:
访问:http://localhost:9180/CookieDemo/testGetCookie.html
输出如下:
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14583736-4f5e-4411-9785-f19e9190a0b4-1244746321
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iii)修改cookie:
访问:http://localhost:9180/CookieDemo/testEditCookie.html
iv)删除cookie:
访问:http://localhost:9180/CookieDemo/testDelCookie.html
本文转自 pangfc 51CTO博客,原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/983836259/1877191,如需转载请自行联系原作者