linux 内核升级步骤，kernel升级

上传kernel文件到/usr/src/kernels/ 目录下，此处也可以选择其他目录

解压kernel文件

安装包 gcc、ncurses-devel

执行make

先查看make帮助

[root@apache linux-3.16.1]# make help

Cleaning targets:

clean - Remove most generated files but keep the config and

enough build support to build external modules

mrproper - Remove all generated files + config + various backup files

distclean - mrproper + remove editor backup and patch files

Configuration targets:

config - Update current config utilising a line-oriented program

nconfig - Update current config utilising a ncurses menu based program

menuconfig - Update current config utilising a menu based program

xconfig - Update current config utilising a QT based front-end

gconfig - Update current config utilising a GTK based front-end

oldconfig - Update current config utilising a provided .config as base

localmodconfig - Update current config disabling modules not loaded

localyesconfig - Update current config converting local mods to core

silentoldconfig - Same as oldconfig, but quietly, additionally update deps

defconfig - New config with default from ARCH supplied defconfig

savedefconfig - Save current config as ./defconfig (minimal config)

allnoconfig - New config where all options are answered with no

allyesconfig - New config where all options are accepted with yes

allmodconfig - New config selecting modules when possible

alldefconfig - New config with all symbols set to default

randconfig - New config with random answer to all options

listnewconfig - List new options

olddefconfig - Same as silentoldconfig but sets new symbols to their default value

Other generic targets:

all - Build all targets marked with [*]

* vmlinux - Build the bare kernel

* modules - Build all modules

modules_install - Install all modules to INSTALL_MOD_PATH (default: /)

firmware_install- Install all firmware to INSTALL_FW_PATH

(default: $(INSTALL_MOD_PATH)/lib/firmware)

dir/ - Build all files in dir and below

dir/file.[oisS] - Build specified target only

dir/file.lst - Build specified mixed source/assembly target only

(requires a recent binutils and recent build (System.map))

dir/file.ko - Build module including final link

modules_prepare - Set up for building external modules

tags/TAGS - Generate tags file for editors

cscope - Generate cscope index

gtags - Generate GNU GLOBAL index

kernelrelease - Output the release version string

kernelversion - Output the version stored in Makefile

image_name - Output the image name

headers_install - Install sanitised kernel headers to INSTALL_HDR_PATH

(default: ./usr)

Static analysers

checkstack - Generate a list of stack hogs

namespacecheck - Name space analysis on compiled kernel

versioncheck - Sanity check on version.h usage

includecheck - Check for duplicate included header files

export_report - List the usages of all exported symbols

headers_check - Sanity check on exported headers

headerdep - Detect inclusion cycles in headers

coccicheck - Check with Coccinelle.

Kernel packaging:

rpm-pkg - Build both source and binary RPM kernel packages

binrpm-pkg - Build only the binary kernel package

deb-pkg - Build the kernel as a deb package

tar-pkg - Build the kernel as an uncompressed tarball

targz-pkg - Build the kernel as a gzip compressed tarball

tarbz2-pkg - Build the kernel as a bzip2 compressed tarball

tarxz-pkg - Build the kernel as a xz compressed tarball

perf-tar-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar source tarball

perf-targz-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar.gz source tarball

perf-tarbz2-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar.bz2 source tarball

perf-tarxz-src-pkg - Build perf-3.16.1.tar.xz source tarball

Documentation targets:

Linux kernel internal documentation in different formats:

htmldocs - HTML

pdfdocs - PDF

psdocs - Postscript

xmldocs - XML DocBook

mandocs - man pages

installmandocs - install man pages generated by mandocs

cleandocs - clean all generated DocBook files

Architecture specific targets (x86):

* bzImage - Compressed kernel image (arch/x86/boot/bzImage)

install - Install kernel using

(your) ~/bin/installkernel or

(distribution) /sbin/installkernel or

install to $(INSTALL_PATH) and run lilo

fdimage - Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)

fdimage144 - Create 1.4MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)

fdimage288 - Create 2.8MB boot floppy image (arch/x86/boot/fdimage)

isoimage - Create a boot CD-ROM image (arch/x86/boot/image.iso)

bzdisk/fdimage*/isoimage also accept:

FDARGS="..." arguments for the booted kernel

FDINITRD=file initrd for the booted kernel

kvmconfig - Enable additional options for guest kernel support

x86_64_defconfig - Build for x86_64

i386_defconfig - Build for i386

make V=0|1 [targets] 0 => quiet build (default), 1 => verbose build

make V=2 [targets] 2 => give reason for rebuild of target

make O=dir [targets] Locate all output files in "dir", including .config

make C=1 [targets] Check all c source with $CHECK (sparse by default)

make C=2 [targets] Force check of all c source with $CHECK

make RECORDMCOUNT_WARN=1 [targets] Warn about ignored mcount sections

make W=n [targets] Enable extra gcc checks, n=1,2,3 where

1: warnings which may be relevant and do not occur too often

2: warnings which occur quite often but may still be relevant

3: more obscure warnings, can most likely be ignored

Multiple levels can be combined with W=12 or W=123

Execute "make" or "make all" to build all targets marked with [*]

For further info see the ./README file

[root@apache linux-3.16.1]#

执行 make menuconfig命令 出现图形

save

生成.config文件

退出

提示执行make继续或查看帮助

执行 make命令，根据环境编译kernel，生成模块文件。等待一段时间

执行make all 生成内核文件 和 模块文件

[root@dns linux-3.16.1]# make all

CHK include/config/kernel.release

CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h

CHK include/generated/utsrelease.h

CALL scripts/checksyscalls.sh

CHK include/generated/compile.h

CERTS kernel/x509_certificate_list

- Including cert signing_key.x509

AS kernel/system_certificates.o

LD kernel/built-in.o

CHK include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h

LINK vmlinux

LD vmlinux.o

MODPOST vmlinux.o

GEN .version

CHK include/generated/compile.h

UPD include/generated/compile.h

CC init/version.o

LD init/built-in.o

KSYM .tmp_kallsyms1.o

KSYM .tmp_kallsyms2.o

LD vmlinux

SORTEX vmlinux

SYSMAP System.map

TEST posttest

Succeed: decoded and checked 1702020 instructions

TEST posttest

arch/x86/tools/insn_sanity: Success: decoded and checked 1000000 random instructions with 0 errors (seed:0x769ca218)

VOFFSET arch/x86/boot/voffset.h

OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin

GZIP arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux.bin.gz

MKPIGGY arch/x86/boot/compressed/piggy.S

AS arch/x86/boot/compressed/piggy.o

LD arch/x86/boot/compressed/vmlinux

ZOFFSET arch/x86/boot/zoffset.h

AS arch/x86/boot/header.o

CC arch/x86/boot/version.o

LD arch/x86/boot/setup.elf

OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/setup.bin

OBJCOPY arch/x86/boot/vmlinux.bin

BUILD arch/x86/boot/bzImage

Setup is 17104 bytes (padded to 17408 bytes).

System is 5064 kB

CRC 67447bac

Kernel: arch/x86/boot/bzImage is ready (#2)

Building modules, stage 2.

MODPOST 2161 modules

[root@dns linux-3.16.1]#

执行 make modules_install 安装模块

重启

查看当前kernel，uname -r