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If the specified name does not start with a slash, and the file is
not found in the current directory, several other directories are
searched. First, any directories you have specified with the `-I' or
`--include-dir' option are searched (*note Summary of Options: Options
Summary.). Then the following directories (if they exist) are searched, in this order: `PREFIX/include' (normally `/usr/local/include'
(1)) `/usr/gnu/include', `/usr/local/include', `/usr/include'.
If an included makefile cannot be found in any of these directories,
a warning message is generated, but it is not an immediately fatal
error; processing of the makefile containing the `include' continues.
Once it has finished reading makefiles, `make' will try to remake any
that are out of date or don't exist. *Note How Makefiles Are Remade:
Remaking Makefiles. Only after it has tried to find a way to remake a
makefile and failed, will `make' diagnose the missing makefile as a
fatal error.
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如果指定的名字并不是以 / 开始，而且此文件也并不在当前目录里，那么有几个其他的目录会被搜索。
首先是 你通过 -I 或者 --include-dir 指定的目录。
然后是如下一些目录： PREFIX/include(通常是： /usr/local/include), /usr/gnu/include, /usr/local/include/, /usr/include
如果一个要包含的 makefile 根本没有出现在上述任何一个目录里面，会得到一个警告信息。但这并不是一个严重错误，发出include 动作的makefile得以被继续处理。当完成对makefile的读取后，make 将会使这重新生成任何旧的或者不存在的 makefile。
*Note How Makefiles Are Remade: Remaking Makefiles.
只有当 make 试图重新生成一个 makefile 失败是，才会认定发生了一个严重错误。
后文待续
本文转自健哥的数据花园博客园博客，原文链接：http://www.cnblogs.com/gaojian/archive/2012/09/14/2684765.html，如需转载请自行联系原作者
