一、创建方块
wstring tetromino[7]; tetromino[0].append(L"..X...X...X...X."); // Tetronimos 4x4 tetromino[1].append(L"..X..XX...X....."); tetromino[2].append(L".....XX..XX....."); tetromino[3].append(L"..X..XX..X......"); tetromino[4].append(L".X...XX...X....."); tetromino[5].append(L".X...X...XX....."); tetromino[6].append(L"..X...X..XX.....");.
二、方块旋转
这里坐标的变换，90度的推导过程如下，剩下两种同理。
如下图，顺时针旋转90度，旋转后的坐标计算I = 12+y-(x*4).
例如（0，0）对应的数字I 为12，
//方块顺时针旋转90度r次，参数px,py为当前xoy坐标，返回参数pi为旋转后对应的一维坐标。 int Rotate(int px, int py, int r) { int pi = 0; switch (r % 4) { case 0: // 0 degrees pi = py * 4 + px; break; case 1: // 90 degrees pi = 12 + py - (px * 4); break; case 2: // 180 degrees pi = 15 - (py * 4) - px; break; case 3: // 270 degrees pi = 3 - py + (px * 4); break; } return pi; }
三、设置画布
int nFieldWidth = 12;//画布宽 int nFieldHeight = 18;//画布高 unsigned char* pField = nullptr; //地图信息 pField = new unsigned char[nFieldWidth * nFieldHeight]; for (int x = 0; x < nFieldWidth; x++) for (int y = 0; y < nFieldHeight; y++) pField[y * nFieldWidth + x] = (x == 0 || x == nFieldWidth - 1 || y == nFieldHeight - 1) ? 9 : 0; //9表示边框，0是空白 //设置屏幕！与命令行宽高一致。 int nScreenWidth = 90; //屏幕宽 int nScreenHeight = 30; //屏幕高 wchar_t* screen = new wchar_t[nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight]; for (int i = 0; i < nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight; i++) screen[i] = L' '; HANDLE hConsole = CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER, NULL); SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(hConsole); DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0; //输出字符 WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, screen, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, { 0,0 }, &dwBytesWritten);
四、更新画面 （将输出图像放在while循环绘制）
bool bGameOver = false; while (!bGameOver) { //输出字符 for (int x = 0; x < nFieldWidth; x++) for (int y = 0; y < nFieldHeight; y++) screen[(y+2 ) * nScreenWidth + (x+2 )] = L" ABCDEFG=#"[pField[y * nFieldWidth + x]]; //向屏幕输出 WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, screen, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, { 0,0 }, &dwBytesWritten); }
五、游戏逻辑
5.1碰撞检测
如果旋转后的位置不是0，（我们之前用0表示空），则发生碰撞，无法旋转。
//碰撞检测函数 bool DoesPieceFit(int nTetromino, int nRotation, int nPosX, int nPosY) { // The field is full so zero spaces for (int px = 0; px < 4; px++) for (int py = 0; py < 4; py++) { int pi = Rotate(px, py, nRotation); int fi = (nPosY + py) * nFieldWidth + (nPosX + px); // Check that test is in bounds. Note out of bounds does // not necessarily mean a fail, as the long vertical piece // can have cells that lie outside the boundary, so we'll // just ignore them if (nPosX + px >= 0 && nPosX + px < nFieldWidth) { if (nPosY + py >= 0 && nPosY + py < nFieldHeight) { if (tetromino[nTetromino][pi] != L'.' && pField[fi] != 0) return false; // fail on first hit } } } return true; }
5.2 定时器 定时更新画面，这里是强制方块下移
//定时器=========== this_thread::sleep_for(50ms); nSpeedCount++; bForceDown = (nSpeedCount == nSpeed);
5.3 输入处理 这里的Z（旋转键）做了一个处理，防止鬼畜旋转
//输入=================== for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) //R L D Z 按下返回true bKey[k] = (0x8000 & GetAsyncKeyState((unsigned char)("\x27\x25\x28Z"[k]))) != 0; // 游戏 逻辑 ================= //按键←→↓ nCurrentX += (bKey[0] && DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX + 1, nCurrentY)) ? 1 : 0; nCurrentX -= (bKey[1] && DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX - 1, nCurrentY)) ? 1 : 0; nCurrentY += (bKey[2] && DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX, nCurrentY + 1)) ? 1 : 0; //Z if (bKey[3]) { nCurrentRotation += (bRotateHold && DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation + 1, nCurrentX, nCurrentY)) ? 1 : 0; bRotateHold = false; } else bRotateHold = true;
5.4 下沉检测
//下沉检测 if (bForceDown) { // Update difficulty every 10 pieces 每10块就加快速度（更新难度） nSpeedCount = 0; nPieceCount++; if (nPieceCount % 10 == 0) //每累积10块，就加快速度（这里的nSpeed是间隔，间隔减小，下落加快） if (nSpeed >= 10) nSpeed--; if (DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX, nCurrentY + 1)) nCurrentY++; // It can, so do it! else { for (int px = 0; px < 4; px++) for (int py = 0; py < 4; py++) if (tetromino[nCurrentPiece][Rotate(px, py, nCurrentRotation)] != L'.') pField[(nCurrentY + py) * nFieldWidth + (nCurrentX + px)] = nCurrentPiece + 1; // Check for lines 检查整行 for (int py = 0; py < 4; py++) if (nCurrentY + py < nFieldHeight - 1) { bool bLine = true; for (int px = 1; px < nFieldWidth - 1; px++) bLine &= (pField[(nCurrentY + py) * nFieldWidth + px]) != 0; if (bLine) { // Remove Line if it's complete 整行时消除该行 for (int px = 1; px < nFieldWidth - 1; px++) pField[(nCurrentY + py) * nFieldWidth + px] = 8; vLines.push_back(nCurrentY + py); } } nScore += 25; if (!vLines.empty()) nScore += (1 << vLines.size()) * 100; nCurrentX = nFieldWidth / 2; nCurrentY = 0; nCurrentRotation = 0; nCurrentPiece = rand() % 7; // If the player reachs the field limits, game over! bGameOver = !DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX, nCurrentY); } }
六、出现的问题
问题一、C++ "wchar_t *" 类型的实参与 "LPCSTR" 类型的形参不兼容
解决方法：项目—>属性—>字符集 修改为UNICODE字符集
问题二、因为控制台设置产生的问题。
如果你的控制台长度、宽度不匹配，输出的画面就会很奇怪，边界不对齐。
可以通过右击控制台--》属性--》布局 来修改。
此外，如果控制台显示为空，可以右击控制台--》属性--》选项 中启用旧版控制台
====
完整代码：
#include <iostream> #include <thread> #include <vector> #include <stdio.h> #include <Windows.h> using namespace std; // 定义屏幕 int nScreenWidth = 90; //屏幕宽 int nScreenHeight = 30; //屏幕高 //画布 int nFieldWidth = 12;//画布宽 int nFieldHeight = 18;//画布高 //方块 wstring tetromino[7]; //画面填充字符 unsigned char* pField = nullptr; //坐标旋转函数 int Rotate(int px, int py, int r) { int pi = 0; switch (r % 4) { case 0: // 0 degrees pi = py * 4 + px; break; case 1: // 90 degrees pi = 12 + py - (px * 4); break; case 2: // 180 degrees pi = 15 - (py * 4) - px; break; case 3: // 270 degrees pi = 3 - py + (px * 4); break; } return pi; } //碰撞检测函数 bool DoesPieceFit(int nTetromino, int nRotation, int nPosX, int nPosY) { // The field is full so zero spaces for (int px = 0; px < 4; px++) for (int py = 0; py < 4; py++) { int pi = Rotate(px, py, nRotation); int fi = (nPosY + py) * nFieldWidth + (nPosX + px); // Check that test is in bounds. Note out of bounds does // not necessarily mean a fail, as the long vertical piece // can have cells that lie outside the boundary, so we'll // just ignore them if (nPosX + px >= 0 && nPosX + px < nFieldWidth) { if (nPosY + py >= 0 && nPosY + py < nFieldHeight) { if (tetromino[nTetromino][pi] != L'.' && pField[fi] != 0) return false; // fail on first hit } } } return true; } int main() { // 方块4x4，一共7种形状 tetromino[0].append(L"..X...X...X...X."); tetromino[1].append(L"..X..XX...X....."); tetromino[2].append(L".....XX..XX....."); tetromino[3].append(L"..X..XX..X......"); tetromino[4].append(L".X...XX...X....."); tetromino[5].append(L".X...X...XX....."); tetromino[6].append(L"..X...X..XX....."); //画布字符初始化 //9表示边框，0是空白 pField = new unsigned char[nFieldWidth * nFieldHeight]; for (int x = 0; x < nFieldWidth; x++) for (int y = 0; y < nFieldHeight; y++) pField[y * nFieldWidth + x] = (x == 0 || x == nFieldWidth - 1 || y == nFieldHeight - 1) ? 9 : 0; //屏幕初始化 wchar_t* screen = new wchar_t[nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight]; for (int i = 0; i < nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight; i++) screen[i] = L' '; HANDLE hConsole = CreateConsoleScreenBuffer(GENERIC_READ | GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, CONSOLE_TEXTMODE_BUFFER, NULL); SetConsoleActiveScreenBuffer(hConsole); DWORD dwBytesWritten = 0; bool bKey[4]; //存储按键 ←→↓Z bool bGameOver = false; //为true时游戏结束 int nCurrentPiece = 1; //当前方块类型（有7种） int nCurrentRotation = 0;//当前旋转角度 int nCurrentX = nFieldWidth / 2;//当前方块的X坐标 int nCurrentY = 0; //当前方块的Y坐标 int nSpeed = 20; //速度，时间是更新间隔数，nSpeed越小，方块下沉速度越快。 int nSpeedCount = 0;//配合nSpeed来控制定时器 int nPieceCount = 0;//方块计数 bool bForceDown = false;//强制方块下降 bool bRotateHold = false;//旋转键锁定，防止鬼畜旋转 int nScore = 0; //游戏得分 vector<int> vLines; //记录整行 //主循环： //1.定时器 //2.接收输入 //3.游戏逻辑处理 //4.画面输出 while (!bGameOver) { //定时器=========== this_thread::sleep_for(50ms); nSpeedCount++; bForceDown = (nSpeedCount == nSpeed); //输入=================== for (int k = 0; k < 4; k++) //R L D Z 按下返回true bKey[k] = (0x8000 & GetAsyncKeyState((unsigned char)("\x27\x25\x28Z"[k]))) != 0; // 游戏 逻辑 ================= //按键←→↓ nCurrentX += (bKey[0] && DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX + 1, nCurrentY)) ? 1 : 0; nCurrentX -= (bKey[1] && DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX - 1, nCurrentY)) ? 1 : 0; nCurrentY += (bKey[2] && DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX, nCurrentY + 1)) ? 1 : 0; //Z if (bKey[3]) { nCurrentRotation += (bRotateHold && DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation + 1, nCurrentX, nCurrentY)) ? 1 : 0; bRotateHold = false; } else bRotateHold = true; //下沉检测 if (bForceDown) { // Update difficulty every 10 pieces 每10块就加快速度（更新难度） nSpeedCount = 0; nPieceCount++; if (nPieceCount % 10 == 0) //每累积10块，就加快速度（这里的nSpeed是间隔，间隔减小，下落加快） if (nSpeed >= 10) nSpeed--; if (DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX, nCurrentY + 1)) nCurrentY++; // It can, so do it! else { for (int px = 0; px < 4; px++) for (int py = 0; py < 4; py++) if (tetromino[nCurrentPiece][Rotate(px, py, nCurrentRotation)] != L'.') pField[(nCurrentY + py) * nFieldWidth + (nCurrentX + px)] = nCurrentPiece + 1; // Check for lines 检查整行 for (int py = 0; py < 4; py++) if (nCurrentY + py < nFieldHeight - 1) { bool bLine = true; for (int px = 1; px < nFieldWidth - 1; px++) bLine &= (pField[(nCurrentY + py) * nFieldWidth + px]) != 0; if (bLine) { // Remove Line if it's complete 整行时消除该行 for (int px = 1; px < nFieldWidth - 1; px++) pField[(nCurrentY + py) * nFieldWidth + px] = 8; vLines.push_back(nCurrentY + py); } } nScore += 25; if (!vLines.empty()) nScore += (1 << vLines.size()) * 100; nCurrentX = nFieldWidth / 2; nCurrentY = 0; nCurrentRotation = 0; nCurrentPiece = rand() % 7; // If the player reachs the field limits, game over! bGameOver = !DoesPieceFit(nCurrentPiece, nCurrentRotation, nCurrentX, nCurrentY); } } //显示输出 （渲染） ============== //输出字符 for (int x = 0; x < nFieldWidth; x++) for (int y = 0; y < nFieldHeight; y++) screen[(y+2 ) * nScreenWidth + (x+2 )] = L" ABCDEFG=#"[pField[y * nFieldWidth + x]]; //输出当前方块 for (int px = 0; px < 4; px++) for (int py = 0; py < 4; py++) if (tetromino[nCurrentPiece][Rotate(px, py, nCurrentRotation)] != L'.') screen[(nCurrentY + py + 2) * nScreenWidth + (nCurrentX + px + 2)] = nCurrentPiece + 65; //65=‘A’ // 显示分数 swprintf_s(&screen[2 * nScreenWidth + nFieldWidth + 6], 16, L"SCORE: %8d", nScore); //消除一行，将用迭代方式逐行下沉 if (!vLines.empty()) { WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, screen, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, { 0,0 }, &dwBytesWritten); this_thread::sleep_for(400ms); for (auto& v : vLines) for (int px = 1; px < nFieldWidth - 1; px++) { for (int py = v; py > 0; py--) pField[py * nFieldWidth + px] = pField[(py - 1) * nFieldWidth + px]; pField[px] = 0; } vLines.clear(); } //向屏幕输出 WriteConsoleOutputCharacter(hConsole, screen, nScreenWidth * nScreenHeight, { 0,0 }, &dwBytesWritten); } // 游戏结束，显示得分 CloseHandle(hConsole); cout << "Game Over!! Score:" << nScore << endl; system("pause"); return 0; }
