1116. 打印零与奇偶数
现有函数 printNumber 可以用一个整数参数调用,并输出该整数到控制台。
例如,调用 printNumber(7) 将会输出 7 到控制台。
给你类 ZeroEvenOdd 的一个实例,该类中有三个函数:zero、even 和 odd 。ZeroEvenOdd 的相同实例将会传递给三个不同线程:
线程 A:调用 zero() ,只输出 0
线程 B:调用 even() ,只输出偶数
线程 C:调用 odd() ,只输出奇数
修改给出的类,以输出序列 "010203040506..." ,其中序列的长度必须为 2n 。
实现 ZeroEvenOdd 类:
ZeroEvenOdd(int n) 用数字 n 初始化对象,表示需要输出的数。
void zero(printNumber) 调用 printNumber 以输出一个 0 。
void even(printNumber) 调用printNumber 以输出偶数。
void odd(printNumber) 调用 printNumber 以输出奇数。
Semaphore
class ZeroEvenOdd { private int n; private Semaphore zeroSema = new Semaphore(1); private Semaphore oddSema = new Semaphore(0);//奇数 private Semaphore evenSema = new Semaphore(0);//偶数 public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) { this.n = n; } public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { zeroSema.acquire(); printNumber.accept(0); if (i % 2!= 0) {//奇数 oddSema.release(); } else { evenSema.release(); } } } public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程 evenSema.acquire(); printNumber.accept(i); zeroSema.release(); } } } public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2 != 0) {//奇数,打印奇数,并释放zero的线程 oddSema.acquire(); printNumber.accept(i); zeroSema.release(); } } } }
synchronized
class ZeroEvenOdd { private int n; private final Object ob=new Object(); private volatile int flag=0; public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) { this.n = n; } public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { synchronized (ob){ while (flag!=0){ ob.wait(); } printNumber.accept(0); if(i%2==0) flag=2; else flag=1; ob.notifyAll(); } } } public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程 synchronized (ob){ while (flag!=2){ ob.wait(); } printNumber.accept(i); flag=0; ob.notifyAll(); } } } } public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2!= 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程 synchronized (ob){ while (flag!=1){ ob.wait(); } printNumber.accept(i); flag=0; ob.notifyAll(); } } } } }
CountDownLatch
class ZeroEvenOdd { private int n; private CountDownLatch countDownLatch_zero=new CountDownLatch(0); private CountDownLatch countDownLatch_even=new CountDownLatch(1); private CountDownLatch countDownLatch_odd=new CountDownLatch(1); public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) { this.n = n; } public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { countDownLatch_zero.await(); printNumber.accept(0); countDownLatch_zero=new CountDownLatch(1); if (i % 2!= 0) {//奇数 countDownLatch_odd.countDown(); } else { countDownLatch_even.countDown(); } } } public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程 countDownLatch_even.await(); printNumber.accept(i); countDownLatch_even=new CountDownLatch(1); countDownLatch_zero.countDown(); } } } public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2 != 0) {//奇数,打印奇数,并释放zero的线程 countDownLatch_odd.await(); printNumber.accept(i); countDownLatch_odd=new CountDownLatch(1); countDownLatch_zero.countDown(); } } } }
Lock
class ZeroEvenOdd { private int n; private volatile int flag=0; Lock lock=new ReentrantLock(); Condition condition_zero = lock.newCondition(); Condition conditon_even = lock.newCondition(); Condition condition_odd = lock.newCondition(); public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) { this.n = n; } public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { lock.lock(); try{ while (flag!=0){ condition_zero.await(); } printNumber.accept(0); if(i%2==0) { flag = 2; conditon_even.signal(); } else { flag = 1; condition_odd.signal(); } }finally { lock.unlock(); } } } public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程 lock.lock(); try { while (flag != 2) { conditon_even.await(); } printNumber.accept(i); flag = 0; condition_zero.signal(); }finally { lock.unlock(); } } } } public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2!= 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程 lock.lock(); try { while (flag != 1) { condition_odd.await(); } printNumber.accept(i); flag = 0; condition_zero.signal(); }finally { lock.unlock(); } } } } }
Thread.yield
class ZeroEvenOdd { private int n; private volatile int flag=0; public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) { this.n = n; } public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { while (flag!=0){ Thread.yield(); } printNumber.accept(0); if(i%2==0) flag=2; else flag=1; } } public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程 while (flag!=2){ Thread.yield(); } printNumber.accept(i); flag=0; } } } public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2!= 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程 while (flag!=1){ Thread.yield(); } printNumber.accept(i); flag=0; } } } }
LockSupport
LockSupport类的核心方法其实就两个:park()和unpark(),其中park()方法用来阻塞当前调用线程,unpark()方法用于唤醒指定线程。 这其实和Object类的wait()和signal()方法有些类似,但是LockSupport的这两种方法从语意上讲比Object类的方法更清晰,而且可以针对指定线程进行阻塞和唤醒。
LockSupport类使用了一种名为Permit(许可)的概念来做到阻塞和唤醒线程的功能,可以把许可看成是一种(0,1)信号量(Semaphore),但与 Semaphore 不同的是,许可的累加上限是1。 初始时,permit为0,当调用unpark()方法时,线程的permit加1,当调用park()方法时,如果permit为0,则调用线程进入阻塞状态。
class ZeroEvenOdd {
private int n; private volatile int flag=0; private ConcurrentHashMap<String,Thread> map=new ConcurrentHashMap<>(); public ZeroEvenOdd(int n) { this.n = n; } public void zero(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { map.put("zero",Thread.currentThread()); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { while (flag!=0){ LockSupport.park(); } printNumber.accept(0); if(i%2==0) { flag = 2; LockSupport.unpark(map.get("even")); } else { flag = 1; LockSupport.unpark(map.get("odd")); } } } public void even(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { map.put("even",Thread.currentThread()); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2== 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程 while (flag!=2){ LockSupport.park(); } printNumber.accept(i); flag=0; LockSupport.unpark(map.get("zero")); } } } public void odd(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException { map.put("odd",Thread.currentThread()); for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 2!= 0) {//偶数 打印偶数 并释放zero的线程 while (flag!=1){ Thread.yield(); } printNumber.accept(i); flag=0; LockSupport.unpark(map.get("zero")); } } } }
1195. 交替打印字符串
编写一个可以从 1 到 n 输出代表这个数字的字符串的程序,但是:
如果这个数字可以被 3 整除,输出 "fizz"。
如果这个数字可以被 5 整除,输出 "buzz"。
如果这个数字可以同时被 3 和 5 整除,输出 "fizzbuzz"。
例如,当 n = 15,输出: 1, 2, fizz, 4, buzz, fizz, 7, 8, fizz, buzz, 11, fizz, 13, 14, fizzbuzz。
假设有这么一个类:
class FizzBuzz {
public FizzBuzz(int n) { ... } // constructor
public void fizz(printFizz) { ... } // only output "fizz"
public void buzz(printBuzz) { ... } // only output "buzz"
public void fizzbuzz(printFizzBuzz) { ... } // only output "fizzbuzz"
public void number(printNumber) { ... } // only output the numbers
}
请你实现一个有四个线程的多线程版 FizzBuzz, 同一个 FizzBuzz 实例会被如下四个线程使用:
线程A将调用 fizz() 来判断是否能被 3 整除,如果可以,则输出 fizz。
线程B将调用 buzz() 来判断是否能被 5 整除,如果可以,则输出 buzz。
线程C将调用 fizzbuzz() 来判断是否同时能被 3 和 5 整除,如果可以,则输出 fizzbuzz。
线程D将调用 number() 来实现输出既不能被 3 整除也不能被 5 整除的数字。
CyclicBarrier
class FizzBuzz { private int n; private CyclicBarrier cb = new CyclicBarrier(4); public FizzBuzz(int n) { this.n = n; } // printFizz.run() outputs "fizz". public void fizz(Runnable printFizz) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 != 0) { printFizz.run(); } cb.await(); } } // printBuzz.run() outputs "buzz". public void buzz(Runnable printBuzz) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 == 0) { printBuzz.run(); } cb.await(); } } // printFizzBuzz.run() outputs "fizzbuzz". public void fizzbuzz(Runnable printFizzBuzz) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 3 == 0 && i % 5 == 0) { printFizzBuzz.run(); } cb.await(); } } // printNumber.accept(x) outputs "x", where x is an integer. public void number(IntConsumer printNumber) throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException { for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++) { if (i % 3 != 0 && i % 5 != 0) { printNumber.accept(i); } cb.await(); } } }