Spring Cloud Eureka：服务注册与发现
Spring Cloud Eureka是Spring Cloud生态系统中的一个组件，它是用于实现服务注册与发现的服务治理组件。在微服务架构中，服务之间存在复杂的依赖关系，而Spring Cloud Eureka可以帮助解决服务之间相互查找和通信的问题
Eureka简介
Eureka是Netflix开源的服务发现组件，用于在分布式系统中实现服务注册与发现。它是Netflix公司在构建微服务架构时开发的核心组件之一，后来成为了Spring Cloud生态系统中的一部分
Eureka注册中心搭建
Eureka服务端搭建
- eureka-server依赖导入
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency>
- 启动类添加注解
@EnableEurekaServer
@EnableEurekaServer @SpringBootApplication public class EurekaServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaServerApplication.class, args); } }
- 配置文件application.yml配置
server: port: 8001 #指定运行端口 spring: application: name: eureka-server #指定服务名称 eureka: instance: hostname: localhost #指定主机地址 client: fetch-registry: false #指定是否要从注册中心获取服务（注册中心不需要开启） register-with-eureka: false #指定是否要注册到注册中心（注册中心不需要开启） server: enable-self-preservation: false #关闭保护模式
Eureka客户端搭建
- eureka-client依赖导入
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
- 启动类添加注解
@EnableDiscoveryClient
@EnableDiscoveryClient @SpringBootApplication public class EurekaClientApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(EurekaClientApplication.class, args); } }
- 配置文件application.yml配置
server: port: 8101 #运行端口号 spring: application: name: eureka-client #服务名称 eureka: client: register-with-eureka: true #注册到Eureka的注册中心 fetch-registry: true #获取注册实例列表 service-url: defaultZone: http://localhost:8001/eureka/ #配置注册中心地址
Eureka集群搭建
- eureka-sever添加配置文件application-replica1.yml配置第一个注册中心
server: port: 8002 spring: application: name: eureka-server eureka: instance: hostname: replica1 client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://replica2:8003/eureka/ #注册到另一个Eureka注册中心 fetch-registry: true register-with-eureka: true
- 给eureka-sever添加配置文件application-replica2.yml配置第二个注册中心
server: port: 8003 spring: application: name: eureka-server eureka: instance: hostname: replica2 client: serviceUrl: defaultZone: http://replica1:8002/eureka/ #注册到另一个Eureka注册中心 fetch-registry: true register-with-eureka: true
- 修改Eureka-client，连接到集群
server: port: 8102 spring: application: name: eureka-client eureka: client: register-with-eureka: true fetch-registry: true service-url: defaultZone: http://replica1:8002/eureka/,http://replica2:8003/eureka/ #同时注册到两个注册中心
Eureka添加认证
- 添加SpringSecurity依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId> <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency>
- 添加application.yml配置文件（配置用户名、密码）
server: port: 8004 spring: application: name: eureka-security-server security: #配置SpringSecurity登录用户名和密码 user: name: macro password: 123456 eureka: instance: hostname: localhost client: fetch-registry: false register-with-eureka: false
添加 Java 配置WebSecurityConfig
默认情况下，Spring Security会开启CSRF（Cross-Site Request Forgery）保护，这是一种用于防止跨站点请求伪造攻击的安全机制。当你添加了Spring Security依赖到应用程序中时，每个POST、PUT、DELETE等修改类请求都需要在请求头中包含CSRF token才能被服务器接受
默认情况下添加SpringSecurity依赖的应用每个请求都需要添加CSRF token才能访问，Eureka客户端注册时并不会添加，所以需要配置/eureka/**路径不需要CSRF token
@EnableWebSecurity public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception { http.csrf().ignoringAntMatchers("/eureka/**"); super.configure(http); } }
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