一.spring注解redis
1.导入依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <artifactId>ssm2</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>ssm2 Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.plugin.version>3.7.0</maven.compiler.plugin.version> <!--添加jar包依赖--> <!--1.spring 5.0.2.RELEASE相关--> <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version> <!--2.mybatis相关--> <mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version> <!--mysql--> <mysql.version>5.1.44</mysql.version> <!--pagehelper分页jar依赖--> <pagehelper.version>5.1.2</pagehelper.version> <!--mybatis与spring集成jar依赖--> <mybatis.spring.version>1.3.1</mybatis.spring.version> <!--3.dbcp2连接池相关 druid--> <commons.dbcp2.version>2.1.1</commons.dbcp2.version> <commons.pool2.version>2.4.3</commons.pool2.version> <!--4.log日志相关--> <log4j2.version>2.9.1</log4j2.version> <!--5.其他--> <junit.version>4.12</junit.version> <servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version> <lombok.version>1.18.2</lombok.version> <ehcache.version>2.10.0</ehcache.version> <slf4j-api.version>1.7.7</slf4j-api.version> <redis.version>2.9.0</redis.version> <redis.spring.version>1.7.1.RELEASE</redis.spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--1.spring相关--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--2.mybatis相关--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency> <!--mysql--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <!--pagehelper分页插件jar包依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId> <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId> <version>${pagehelper.version}</version> </dependency> <!--mybatis与spring集成jar包依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--3.dbcp2连接池相关--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId> <version>${commons.dbcp2.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId> <version>${commons.pool2.version}</version> </dependency> <!--4.log日志相关依赖--> <!--核心log4j2jar包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId> <version>${log4j2.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId> <version>${log4j2.version}</version> </dependency> <!--web工程需要包含log4j-web,非web工程不需要--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-web</artifactId> <version>${log4j2.version}</version> </dependency> <!--5.其他--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>${servlet.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>${lombok.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- jsp依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.3.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>1.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId> <artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId> <version>1.3.3</version> </dependency> <!-- 做服务端参数校验 JSR303 的jar包依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId> <artifactId>hibernate-validator</artifactId> <version>6.0.7.Final</version> </dependency> <!-- 用来SpringMVC支持json数据转换--> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.9.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>2.9.3</version> </dependency> <!-- shiro相关依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-core</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-web</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.shiro</groupId> <artifactId>shiro-spring</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>net.sf.ehcache</groupId> <artifactId>ehcache</artifactId> <version>${ehcache.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- slf4j核心包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j-api.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${slf4j-api.version}</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <!--用于与slf4j保持桥接 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId> <version>${log4j2.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>redis.clients</groupId> <artifactId>jedis</artifactId> <version>${redis.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.data</groupId> <artifactId>spring-data-redis</artifactId> <version>${redis.spring.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>ssm2</finalName> <resources> <!--解决mybatis-generator-maven-plugin运行时没有将XxxMapper.xml文件放入target文件夹的问题--> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> </resource> <!--解决mybatis-generator-maven-plugin运行时没有将jdbc.properites文件放入target文件夹的问题--> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>*.properties</include> <include>*.xml</include> </includes> </resource> </resources> <pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) --> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>${maven.compiler.plugin.version}</version> <configuration> <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source> <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target> <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> <dependencies> <!--使用Mybatis-generator插件不能使用太高版本的mysql驱动 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <configuration> <overwrite>true</overwrite> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </pluginManagement> </build> </project>
2.具体操作
配置工厂(spring-redis.xml)
<bean id="connectionFactory" class="org.springframework.data.redis.connection.jedis.JedisConnectionFactory" destroy-method="destroy"> <property name="poolConfig" ref="poolConfig"/> <!--IP地址 --> <property name="hostName" value="${redis.hostName}"/> <!--端口号 --> <property name="port" value="${redis.port}"/> <!--如果Redis设置有密码 --> <property name="password" value="${redis.password}"/> <!--客户端超时时间单位是毫秒 --> <property name="timeout" value="${redis.timeout}"/> </bean>
redis操作模板,使用该对象可以操作redis
<bean id="redisTemplate" class="org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate"> <property name="connectionFactory" ref="connectionFactory"/> <!--如果不配置Serializer,那么存储的时候缺省使用String,如果用User类型存储,那么会提示错误User can't cast to String!! --> <property name="keySerializer"> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer"/> </property> <property name="valueSerializer"> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer"/> </property> <property name="hashKeySerializer"> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer"/> </property> <property name="hashValueSerializer"> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer"/> </property> <!--开启事务 --> <property name="enableTransactionSupport" value="true"/> </bean>
配置缓存管理器
<bean id="redisCacheManager" class="org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager"> <constructor-arg name="redisOperations" ref="redisTemplate"/> <!--redis缓存数据过期时间单位秒--> <property name="defaultExpiration" value="${redis.expiration}"/> <!--是否使用缓存前缀,与cachePrefix相关--> <property name="usePrefix" value="true"/> <!--配置缓存前缀名称--> <property name="cachePrefix"> <bean class="org.springframework.data.redis.cache.DefaultRedisCachePrefix"> <constructor-arg index="0" value="-cache-"/> </bean> </property> </bean>
<bean id="cacheKeyGenerator" class="com.zking.ssm.redis.CacheKeyGenerator"></bean> <!--7.启用缓存注解功能--> <cache:annotation-driven cache-manager="redisCacheManager" key-generator="cacheKeyGenerator"/> </beans>
二.redsi三个注解的使用
@Cacheable(可以读取数据,也可以写数据)
@Cacheable
注解用于标记一个方法的结果可以被缓存。 当调用该方法时,Spring首先检查缓存是否已经存在结果。 如果存在,将直接从缓存中返回结果,而不执行方法。 如果结果不在缓存中,则执行方法并将结果缓存起来,以便后续调用时使用。
java复制代码
@Cacheable(value = "books", key = "#isbn")public Book getByIsbn(String isbn) { // 从数据库中获取书籍信息的逻辑 }
@CachePut(只读数据)
@CachePut
注解用于更新缓存中的内容。 当使用注解标记的方法被调用时,Spring会更新缓存中的值,而不管缓存中是否已经存在相应的键值对。@CachePut
java复制代码
@CachePut(value = "books", key = "#book.isbn")public Book updateBook(Book book) { // 更新数据库中书籍信息的逻辑return book; }
@CacheEvict
注解用于从缓存中删除数据。 可以通过指定属性来确定要清除的缓存,通过属性来指定要删除的项。value
key
java复制代码
@CacheEvict(value = "books", key = "#isbn")publicvoiddeleteByIsbn(String isbn) { // 从数据库中删除书籍信息的逻辑 }
这些注解在执行耗时操作(如数据库查询或API调用)的应用程序中非常有用。 通过缓存这些操作的结果,可以加快后续调用的速度,减少应用程序的响应时间。
三.redis击穿穿透雪崩
1.定义
Redis击穿
Redis击穿是指一个缓存key非常热门,在某一个时间点过期的时候,恰好又有大量的并发请求过来访问这个key,导致所有请求都打到了数据库上,从而导致数据库压力过大,甚至宕机。 为了避免这种情况,可以使用互斥锁(mutex)或者分布式锁来解决。
Redis穿透
Redis穿透是指一个请求查询一个不存在的缓存key,这个请求就会直接打到数据库上,如果请求量很大,数据库就会承受巨大的压力。 为了避免这种情况,可以使用布隆过滤器来处理缓存穿透的问题,或者在缓存层做参数校验和异常处理。
Redis雪崩
Redis雪崩是指在某一个时间段,缓存集中过期失效,导致所有请求都落到数据库上,造成数据库压力急剧增大,甚至宕机的现象。 为了避免这种情况,可以采用多级缓存架构,设置不同的超时时间,避免缓存同时失效。 同时,也可以设置热点数据永久不过期,避免热点数据集中过期。 另外,还可以使用限流和降级等手段来应对高并发情况。