前言
在上一篇的博客中我们初步的了解学习SpringMVC基础知识,我们继续来学习SpringMVC常用注解、参数传递、返回值,希望这篇博客能够帮助到您!!!
一、常用注解
一、SpringMVC之常用注解
1.Controller:用于标识一个类是SpringMVC的控制器,它接收用户请求并返回相应的视图或数据。
2.RequestMapping:用于映射请求的URL路径到控制器的处理方法。可以在类级别和方法级别使用,用于处理各种HTTP请求(GET、POST、PUT等)。
标注在方法上
用于方法上,表示在类的父路径下追加方法上注解中的地址将会访问到该方法
@Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/requestTest") public String requestTest(){ return "index"; } }
标注在类和方法上
用于类上,表示类中的所有响应请求的方法都是以该地址作为父路径。
注意:当你在类上添加RequestMapping注解后,如果要请求映射,就意味着请求要先映射到标注类的位置,然后再映射到该类的方法上
@Controller @RequestMapping("/hello") public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/requestTest") public String requestTest(){ return "index"; } }
3.RequestParam:用于将请求参数绑定到处理方法的参数上。可以指定参数的名称、是否必须以及默认值。
4.PathVariable:用于将URL中的占位符参数绑定到处理方法的参数上。通常用于RESTful风格的URL。
5.ResponseBody:用于将方法的返回值直接作为HTTP响应的内容返回给客户端。适用于返回JSON、XML等非HTML格式的数据。
6.ModelAttribute:用于将请求参数绑定到一个对象上,并将该对象添加到模型中,可以在视图中获取。
7.RequestHeader:注解可以获取指定的请求头信息。
8.CookieValue:主要是将请求的Cookie数据,映射到功能处理方法的参数上。
具体操作
1.将pom.xml文件中原有的log4j的插件依赖替换为Slf4j的插件依赖
替换 pom.xml文件,(这里全部替换,未免大家copy错)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.yx</groupId> <artifactId>yx_ssm</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>yx_ssm Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target> <maven.compiler.plugin.version>3.7.0</maven.compiler.plugin.version> <!--添加jar包依赖--> <!--1.spring 5.0.2.RELEASE相关--> <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version> <!--2.mybatis相关--> <mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version> <!--mysql--> <mysql.version>5.1.44</mysql.version> <!--pagehelper分页jar依赖--> <pagehelper.version>5.1.2</pagehelper.version> <!--mybatis与spring集成jar依赖--> <mybatis.spring.version>1.3.1</mybatis.spring.version> <!--3.dbcp2连接池相关 druid--> <commons.dbcp2.version>2.1.1</commons.dbcp2.version> <commons.pool2.version>2.4.3</commons.pool2.version> <!--4.log日志相关--> <!-- 替换为slf4j日志相关 --> <log4j2.version>2.9.1</log4j2.version> <log4j2.disruptor.version>3.2.0</log4j2.disruptor.version> <slf4j.version>1.7.13</slf4j.version> <!--5.其他--> <junit.version>4.12</junit.version> <servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version> <lombok.version>1.18.2</lombok.version> <!-- jstl+standard --> <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> <standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version> <!-- spring --> <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version> </properties> <dependencies> <!--1.spring相关--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--2.mybatis相关--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency> <!--mysql--> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <!--pagehelper分页插件jar包依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId> <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId> <version>${pagehelper.version}</version> </dependency> <!--mybatis与spring集成jar包依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.spring.version}</version> </dependency> <!--3.dbcp2连接池相关--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId> <version>${commons.dbcp2.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId> <version>${commons.pool2.version}</version> </dependency> <!--4.log日志相关依赖--> <!--核心log4j2jar包--> <!--替换为 slf4j包 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <!--核心log4j2jar包--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId> <version>${log4j2.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId> <version>${log4j2.version}</version> </dependency> <!--用于与slf4j保持桥接--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId> <version>${log4j2.version}</version> </dependency> <!--web工程需要包含log4j-web,非web工程不需要--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j-web</artifactId> <version>${log4j2.version}</version> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <!--需要使用log4j2的AsyncLogger需要包含disruptor--> <dependency> <groupId>com.lmax</groupId> <artifactId>disruptor</artifactId> <version>${log4j2.disruptor.version}</version> </dependency> <!--5.其他--> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>${junit.version}</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>${servlet.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>${lombok.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <!-- spring mvc相关依赖 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>${jstl.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>taglibs</groupId> <artifactId>standard</artifactId> <version>${standard.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>yx_ssm</finalName> <resources> <!--解决mybatis-generator-maven-plugin运行时没有将XxxMapper.xml文件放入target文件夹的问题--> <resource> <directory>src/main/java</directory> <includes> <include>**/*.xml</include> </includes> </resource> <!--解决mybatis-generator-maven-plugin运行时没有将jdbc.properites文件放入target文件夹的问题--> <resource> <directory>src/main/resources</directory> <includes> <include>jdbc.properties</include> <include>*.xml</include> </includes> </resource> </resources> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>${maven.compiler.plugin.version}</version> <configuration> <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source> <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target> <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>1.3.2</version> <dependencies> <!--使用Mybatis-generator插件不能使用太高版本的mysql驱动 --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <configuration> <overwrite>true</overwrite> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> </plugin> <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging --> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.0.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.8.0</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.22.1</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>3.2.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.5.2</version> </plugin> <plugin> <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.8.2</version> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
测试插件是否成功安装
二、参数传递
配置运行项目
1. 基础类型+String类型
package com.lya.web; import com.lya.model.Book; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import java.util.Map; /** * @author 程序猿-小李哥 * @site www.xiaolige.com * @company 猪八戒有限集团 * @create 2023-09-05-15:50 */ @Slf4j @Controller @RequestMapping("/param") public class ParamController { @RequestMapping("/hello1") public String index(Integer bid ,String bname) { log.info("简单参数:bid:{},bname:{} ",bid,bname); return "index"; } }
2. 复杂类型
@RequestMapping("/hello2") public String hello2(Book book , HttpServletRequest httpServletRequest) { log.info("复杂参数:bid:{},bname:{} ", httpServletRequest.getParameter("bid"), httpServletRequest.getParameter("bname")); log.info("复杂参数:book:{} ", book.toString()); return "index"; }
3. @RequestParam
@RequestMapping("/hello3") public String toHello3(@RequestParam Integer bid, @RequestParam(required = false,value = "price") Integer bookPrice, @RequestParam("bookName") String bname){ log.info(">>>> 使用@RequestParam注解传递参数:{},{},{}", bid,bname,bookPrice); return "index"; }
控制台输出
不会输出任何结果。
注:@RequestParam的required属性
该参数是否为必传项。默认是true,表示请求中一定要传入对应的参数,否则会报404错误,如果设置为false时,当请求中没有此参数,将会默认为null,而对于基本数据类型的变量,则必须有值,这时会抛出空指针异常。如果允许空值,则接口中变量需要使用包装类来声明。
4. @PathVariable
@RequestMapping("/hello4/{bid}") public String toHello4(@PathVariable("bid") Integer bid){ log.info(">>>> 使用@PathVariable注解传递参数:{}", bid); return "index"; }
5.@RequestBody
<jackson.version>2.9.3</jackson.version> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId> <version>${jackson.version}</version> </dependency>
测试代码
@RequestMapping("/hello5") public String toHello5(@RequestBody Map map){ System.out.println(map); return "index"; }
请使用postman或者apipost/eolink等工具发送请求数据。因为浏览器无法携带集合参数,所以借助第三方软件进行测试。
6. @RequestHeader
@RequestMapping("/hello7") public String toHello7(Book book, @RequestBody Map map, @RequestHeader("jwt") String jwt){ System.out.println(map); System.out.println(book); System.out.println(jwt); return "index"; }
三、方法返回值
创建一个ReturnController类模拟测试案例
一:void
借助工具类
package com.lya.untils; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.PrintWriter; public class ResponseUtil { public static void write(HttpServletResponse response,Object o)throws Exception{ response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8"); PrintWriter out=response.getWriter(); out.println(o.toString()); out.flush(); out.close(); } public static void writeJson(HttpServletResponse response,Object o)throws Exception{ ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper(); write(response, om.writeValueAsString(o)); } }
代码
package com.lya.web; import com.lya.untils.ResponseUtil; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @author 程序猿-小李哥 * @site www.xiaolige.com * @company 猪八戒有限集团 * @create 2023-09-06-15:50 */ @Controller @RequestMapping("/rs") public class ReturnController { @RequestMapping("/hello1") public void hello1(HttpServletResponse response){ Map<String,Object> map=new HashMap<>(); map.put("code",200); map.put("msg","成功添加..."); try { ResponseUtil.writeJson(response,map); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } }
二:String
该返回值类型在前面的参数传递中已经体现了。
三:String+model
<%-- Created by IntelliJ IDEA. User: 86158 Date: 2023/9/5 Time: 15:49 To change this template use File | Settings | File Templates. --%> <%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>Hello</h1> 名称:${name} 地址:${address} </body> </html>
测试代码
package com.lya.web; import com.lya.untils.ResponseUtil; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @author 程序猿-小李哥 * @site www.xiaolige.com * @company 猪八戒有限集团 * @create 2023-09-06-16:50 */ @Controller @RequestMapping("/rs") public class ReturnController { @RequestMapping("/hello2") public String hello2(Model model, HttpServletRequest request){ model.addAttribute("name","刘彬彬"); request.setAttribute("address","傻鸟"); return "index"; } }
四:ModelAndView
测试代码
package com.lya.web; import com.lya.untils.ResponseUtil; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.ui.Model; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * @author 程序猿-小李哥 * @site www.xiaolige.com * @company 猪八戒有限集团 * @create 2023-09-05-15:50 * 测试类 */ @Controller @RequestMapping("/rs") public class ReturnController { @RequestMapping("/hello3") public ModelAndView hello3(){ ModelAndView mv=new ModelAndView(); mv.addObject("sign","耗子没有摸鱼"); mv.setViewName("index"); return mv; } }
四、页面跳转
转发(forward:path)和重定向(redirect:path)这两种跳转方式将会绕开视图解析器的前缀和后缀;还有就是如果是在同一controller中则不用使用"/"从根目录开始,而如果是在不同的controller则一定要从根目录开始。
path为请求处理方法名,而非逻辑视图名。
- 转发(地址栏不变)
@RequestMapping("/helloPage1") public String toHelloPage1(){ System.out.println("helloPage1"); return "forward:toHello2"; }
它相当于“request.getRequestDispatcher("url").forward(request,response)”。使用转发,既可以转发到jsp, 也可以转发到其他的控制器方法。
- 重定向(地址栏改变)
@RequestMapping("/helloPage2") public String toHelloPage2(){ System.out.println("helloPage2"); return "redirect:toHello2"; }
它相当于“response.sendRedirect(url)”。需要注意的是,如果重定向到jsp页面,则jsp页面不能写在WEB-INF目录中,否则无法找到。
跳其它的controller
@RequestMapping("/helloPage3") public String toHelloPage3(){ System.out.println("helloPage3"); return "forward:/demo/hello"; } @RequestMapping("/helloPage4") public String toHelloPage4(){ System.out.println("helloPage4"); return "redirect:/demo/hello"; }