struct file_operations {
    struct module *owner;
    loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
    ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
    ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
    ssize_t (*read_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
    ssize_t (*write_iter) (struct kiocb *, struct iov_iter *);
    int (*iopoll)(struct kiocb *kiocb, bool spin);
    int (*iterate) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
    int (*iterate_shared) (struct file *, struct dir_context *);
    __poll_t (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
    long (*unlocked_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
    long (*compat_ioctl) (struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
    int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
    unsigned long mmap_supported_flags;
    int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
    int (*flush) (struct file *, fl_owner_t id);
    int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
    int (*fsync) (struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int datasync);
    int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
    int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
    ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
    unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
    int (*check_flags)(int);
    int (*flock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
    ssize_t (*splice_write)(struct pipe_inode_info *, struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, unsigned int);
    ssize_t (*splice_read)(struct file *, loff_t *, struct pipe_inode_info *, size_t, unsigned int);
    int (*setlease)(struct file *, long, struct file_lock **, void **);
    long (*fallocate)(struct file *file, int mode, loff_t offset,
              loff_t len);
  void (*show_fdinfo)(struct seq_file *m, struct file *f);
#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
    unsigned (*mmap_capabilities)(struct file *);
#endif
    ssize_t (*copy_file_range)(struct file *, loff_t, struct file *,
            loff_t, size_t, unsigned int);
    loff_t (*remap_file_range)(struct file *file_in, loff_t pos_in,
                   struct file *file_out, loff_t pos_out,
                   loff_t len, unsigned int remap_flags);
    int (*fadvise)(struct file *, loff_t, loff_t, int);
} __randomize_layout;

struct file {
    union {
        struct llist_node   fu_llist;
        struct rcu_head     fu_rcuhead;
    } f_u; 
    struct path     f_path;
    struct inode        *f_inode;   /* cached value */
    const struct file_operations    *f_op;
    /*   
     * Protects f_ep_links, f_flags.
     * Must not be taken from IRQ context.
     */
    spinlock_t      f_lock;
    enum rw_hint        f_write_hint;
    atomic_long_t       f_count;
    unsigned int        f_flags;
    fmode_t         f_mode;
    struct mutex        f_pos_lock;
    loff_t          f_pos;
    struct fown_struct  f_owner;
    const struct cred   *f_cred;
    struct file_ra_state    f_ra;
    u64         f_version;
#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY
    void            *f_security;
#endif
    /* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
    void            *private_data;
#ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL
    /* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */
    struct list_head    f_ep_links;
    struct list_head    f_tfile_llink;
#endif /* #ifdef CONFIG_EPOLL */
    struct address_space    *f_mapping;
    errseq_t        f_wb_err;
} __randomize_layout
  __attribute__((aligned(4)));  /* lest something weird decides that 2 is OK */

#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/errno.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/major.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <linux/proc_fs.h>
#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <linux/stat.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/tty.h>
#include <linux/kmod.h>
#include <linux/gfp.h>
/* 1. 确定主设备号*/
static int major = 200;
static char kernel_buf[1024];
static struct class *hello_class;
#define MIN(a, b) (a < b ? a : b)
/* 3. 实现对应的open/read/write等函数，填入file_operations结构体  */
static ssize_t hello_drv_read (struct file *file, char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
    int err;
    printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    err = copy_to_user(buf, kernel_buf, MIN(1024, size));
    return MIN(1024, size);
}
static ssize_t hello_drv_write (struct file *file, const char __user *buf, size_t size, loff_t *offset)
{
    int err;
    printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    err = copy_from_user(kernel_buf, buf, MIN(1024, size));
    return MIN(1024, size);
}
static int hello_drv_open (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
    printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}
static int hello_drv_close (struct inode *node, struct file *file)
{
    printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    return 0;
}
/* 2. 定义自己的file_operations结构体*/
static struct file_operations hello_drv = {
    .owner  = THIS_MODULE,
    .open    = hello_drv_open,
    .read    = hello_drv_read,
    .write   = hello_drv_write,
    .release = hello_drv_close,
};
/* 4. 把file_operations结构体告诉内核：注册驱动程序                */
/* 5. 谁来注册驱动程序啊？得有一个入口函数：安装驱动程序时，就会去调用这个入口函数 */
static int __init hello_init(void)
{
    int retvalue;
    printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    retvalue = register_chrdev(major, "hello_drv", &hello_drv);  /* /dev/hello_drv */
    if(retvalue < 0){
        printk("chrdevbase driver register failed\r\n");
    }
    printk("chrdevbase init!\r\n");
    return 0;
}
/* 6. 有入口函数就应该有出口函数：卸载驱动程序时，就会去调用这个出口函数*/
static void __exit hello_exit(void)
{
    printk("%s %s line %d\n", __FILE__, __FUNCTION__, __LINE__);
    unregister_chrdev(major, "hello_drv");
}
/* 7. 其他完善：提供设备信息，自动创建设备节点   */
module_init(hello_init);
module_exit(hello_exit);
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_AUTHOR("licheepi");

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
/*
   app测试
   ./hello_drv_test -w hello licheepi Zero !!!
   ./hello_drv_test -r
*/
int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    int fd;
    char buf[1024];
    int len;
    /* 1. 判断参数 */
    if (argc < 2) 
    {
        printf("Usage: %s -w <string>\n", argv[0]);
        printf("       %s -r\n", argv[0]);
        return -1;
    }
    /* 2. 打开文件 */
    fd = open("/dev/hello_drv", O_RDWR);
    if (fd == -1)
    {
        printf("can not open file /dev/hello_drv\n");
        return -1;
    }
    /* 3. 写文件或读文件 */
    if ((0 == strcmp(argv[1], "-w")) && (argc == 3))
    {
        len = strlen(argv[2]) + 1;
        len = len < 1024 ? len : 1024;
        write(fd, argv[2], len);
    }
    else
    {
        len = read(fd, buf, 1024);  
        buf[1023] = '\0';
        printf("APP read : %s\n", buf);
    }
    close(fd);
    return 0;
}

KERNELDIR := /home/Gnep/licheepi_zero/linux
CURRENT_PATH := $(shell pwd)
obj-m := hello_drv.o
build: kernel_modules
kernel_modules:
  $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) modules
  $(CROSS_COMPILE)arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc -o hello_drv_test hello_drv_test.c 
clean:  
  $(MAKE) -C $(KERNELDIR) M=$(CURRENT_PATH) clean

tftp -g -l hello_drv.ko 192.168.25.25
tftp -g -l hello_drv_test 192.168.25.25
ls

./hello_drv_test -w "hello Licheepi !!!"

rmmod hello_drv.ko