为了方便后续的直方图滑窗对车道线进行准确的定位,我们在这里利用透视变换将图像转换成俯视图,也可将俯视图恢复成原有的图像,代码如下:
计算透视变换所需的参数矩阵:
def cal_perspective_params(img, points): offset_x = 330 offset_y = 0 img_size = (img.shape[1], img.shape[0]) src = np.float32(points) # 俯视图中四点的位置 dst = np.float32([[offset_x, offset_y], [img_size[0] - offset_x, offset_y], [offset_x, img_size[1] - offset_y], [img_size[0] - offset_x, img_size[1] - offset_y] ]) # 从原始图像转换为俯视图的透视变换的参数矩阵 M = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(src, dst) # 从俯视图转换为原始图像的透视变换参数矩阵 M_inverse = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(dst, src) return M, M_inverse
透视变换:
def img_perspect_transform(img, M): img_size = (img.shape[1], img.shape[0]) return cv2.warpPerspective(img, M, img_size)
下面我们调用上述两个方法看下透视变换的结果:
在原始图像中我们绘制道路检测的结果,然后通过透视变换转换为俯视图。
img = cv2.imread("./test/straight_lines2.jpg") img = cv2.line(img, (601, 448), (683, 448), (0, 0, 255), 3) img = cv2.line(img, (683, 448), (1097, 717), (0, 0, 255), 3) img = cv2.line(img, (1097, 717), (230, 717), (0, 0, 255), 3) img = cv2.line(img, (230, 717), (601, 448), (0, 0, 255), 3) points = [[601, 448], [683, 448], [230, 717], [1097, 717]] M, M_inverse = cal_perspective_params(img, points) transform_img = img_perspect_transform(img, M) plt.figure(figsize=(20,8)) plt.subplot(1,2,1) plt.title('原始图像') plt.imshow(img[:,:,::-1]) plt.subplot(1,2,2) plt.title('俯视图') plt.imshow(transform_img[:,:,::-1]) plt.show()
总结:
透视变换将检测结果转换为俯视图。
代码:
# encoding:utf-8 import cv2 import numpy as np import matplotlib.pyplot as plt #遍历文件夹 import glob from moviepy.editor import VideoFileClip import sys reload(sys) sys.setdefaultencoding('utf-8') """参数设置""" nx = 9 ny = 6 #获取棋盘格数据 file_paths = glob.glob("./camera_cal/calibration*.jpg") # 绘制对比图 def plot_contrast_image(origin_img, converted_img, origin_img_title="origin_img", converted_img_title="converted_img", converted_img_gray=False): fig, (ax1, ax2) = plt.subplots(1, 2, figsize=(15, 20)) ax1.set_title = origin_img_title ax1.imshow(origin_img) ax2.set_title = converted_img_title if converted_img_gray == True: ax2.imshow(converted_img, cmap="gray") else: ax2.imshow(converted_img) plt.show() #相机矫正使用opencv封装好的api #目的:得到内参、外参、畸变系数 def cal_calibrate_params(file_paths): #存储角点数据的坐标 object_points = [] #角点在真实三维空间的位置 image_points = [] #角点在图像空间中的位置 #生成角点在真实世界中的位置 objp = np.zeros((nx*ny,3),np.float32) #以棋盘格作为坐标,每相邻的黑白棋的相差1 objp[:,:2] = np.mgrid[0:nx,0:ny].T.reshape(-1,2) #角点检测 for file_path in file_paths: img = cv2.imread(file_path) #将图像灰度化 gray = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY) #角点检测 rect,coners = cv2.findChessboardCorners(gray,(nx,ny),None) #若检测到角点,则进行保存 即得到了真实坐标和图像坐标 if rect == True : object_points.append(objp) image_points.append(coners) # 相机较真 ret, mtx, dist, rvecs, tvecs = cv2.calibrateCamera(object_points, image_points, gray.shape[::-1], None, None) return ret, mtx, dist, rvecs, tvecs # 图像去畸变:利用相机校正的内参,畸变系数 def img_undistort(img, mtx, dist): dis = cv2.undistort(img, mtx, dist, None, mtx) return dis #车道线提取 #颜色空间转换--》边缘检测--》颜色阈值--》并且使用L通道进行白色的区域进行抑制 def pipeline(img,s_thresh = (170,255),sx_thresh=(40,200)): # 复制原图像 img = np.copy(img) # 颜色空间转换 hls = cv2.cvtColor(img,cv2.COLOR_RGB2HLS).astype(np.float) l_chanel = hls[:,:,1] s_chanel = hls[:,:,2] #sobel边缘检测 sobelx = cv2.Sobel(l_chanel,cv2.CV_64F,1,0) #求绝对值 abs_sobelx = np.absolute(sobelx) #将其转换为8bit的整数 scaled_sobel = np.uint8(255 * abs_sobelx / np.max(abs_sobelx)) #对边缘提取的结果进行二值化 sxbinary = np.zeros_like(scaled_sobel) #边缘位置赋值为1,非边缘位置赋值为0 sxbinary[(scaled_sobel >= sx_thresh[0]) & (scaled_sobel <= sx_thresh[1])] = 1 #对S通道进行阈值处理 s_binary = np.zeros_like(s_chanel) s_binary[(s_chanel >= s_thresh[0]) & (s_chanel <= s_thresh[1])] = 1 # 结合边缘提取结果和颜色通道的结果, color_binary = np.zeros_like(sxbinary) color_binary[((sxbinary == 1) | (s_binary == 1)) & (l_chanel > 100)] = 1 return color_binary #透视变换-->将检测结果转换为俯视图。 #获取透视变换的参数矩阵【二值图的四个点】 def cal_perspective_params(img,points): # x与y方向上的偏移 offset_x = 330 offset_y = 0 #转换之后img的大小 img_size = (img.shape[1],img.shape[0]) src = np.float32(points) #设置俯视图中的对应的四个点 左上角 右上角 左下角 右下角 dst = np.float32([[offset_x, offset_y], [img_size[0] - offset_x, offset_y], [offset_x, img_size[1] - offset_y], [img_size[0] - offset_x, img_size[1] - offset_y]]) ## 原图像转换到俯视图 M = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(src, dst) # 俯视图到原图像 M_inverse = cv2.getPerspectiveTransform(dst, src) return M, M_inverse #根据透视变化矩阵完成透视变换 def img_perspect_transform(img,M): #获取图像大小 img_size = (img.shape[1],img.shape[0]) #完成图像的透视变化 return cv2.warpPerspective(img,M,img_size) if __name__ == "__main__": #透视变换 #获取原图的四个点 img = cv2.imread('./test/straight_lines2.jpg') points = [[601, 448], [683, 448], [230, 717], [1097, 717]] #将四个点绘制到图像上 (文件,坐标起点,坐标终点,颜色,连接起来) img = cv2.line(img, (601, 448), (683, 448), (0, 0, 255), 3) img = cv2.line(img, (683, 448), (1097, 717), (0, 0, 255), 3) img = cv2.line(img, (1097, 717), (230, 717), (0, 0, 255), 3) img = cv2.line(img, (230, 717), (601, 448), (0, 0, 255), 3) plt.figure() #反转CV2中BGR 转化为matplotlib的RGB plt.imshow(img[:, :, ::-1]) plt.title("Original drawing") plt.show() #透视变换 M,M_inverse = cal_perspective_params(img,points) if np.all(M != None): trasform_img = img_perspect_transform(img, M) plt.figure() plt.imshow(trasform_img[:, :, ::-1]) plt.title("vertical view") plt.show() else: print("failed")
效果图:

