openEuler 上安装 UKUI DDE XFCE GNOME桌面

#关闭防火墙和 selinux 并重启
sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
systemctl disable --now firewalld

#配官方源
vim /etc/yum.repos.d/openEuler.repo
[OS]
name=OS
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/OS/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/OS/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
[everything]
name=everything
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/everything/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/everything/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
[EPOL]
name=EPOL
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/EPOL/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/OS/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
[debuginfo]
name=debuginfo
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/debuginfo/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/debuginfo/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
[source]
name=source
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/source/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/source/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
[update]
name=update
baseurl=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/update/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.03/OS/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
#或华为云源
[OS]
name=OS
baseurl=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/OS/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/OS/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
[everything]
name=everything
baseurl=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/everything/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/everything/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
[EPOL]
name=EPOL
baseurl=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/EPOL/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/OS/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
[debuginfo]
name=debuginfo
baseurl=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/debuginfo/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/debuginfo/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
[source]
name=source
baseurl=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/source/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/source/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
[update]
name=update
baseurl=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/update/$basearch/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.huaweicloud.com/openeuler/openEuler-21.03/OS/$basearch/RPM-GPG-KEY-openEuler
#其他源镜像站可自行配置
https://www.openeuler.org/zh/mirror/list/

#更新yum源
yum makecache
sudo dnf update

#UKUI
UKUI是麒麟软件团队历经多年打造的一款Linux 桌面，主要基于 GTK 和 QT开发。与其它UI界面相比，UKUI更加注重易用性和敏捷度，各元件相依性小，可以不依赖其它套件而独自运行，给用户带来亲切和高效的使用体验。UKUI支持x86_64和aarch64两种架构。
#下载 openEuler21.03及以上 镜像并安装系统。https://repo.openeuler.org/openEuler-21.09/
sudo dnf update
#创建用户（ukui需先创建用户）
adduser test
passwd test
#安装UKUI
sudo dnf install ukui -y
#在确认正常安装后，重启reboot
systemctl set-default graphical.target

#DDE
DDE是统信软件团队研发的一款功能强大的桌面环境。包含数十款功能强大的桌面应用，是真正意义上的自主自研桌面产品
#更新软件源
sudo dnf update
#安装DDE
sudo dnf install dde -y
#设置以图形界面的方式启动
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
#重启
sudo reboot
#dde桌面无法使用root账号登陆 dde内置了openeuler用户，密码为openeuler

#XFCE
XFCE是一款轻量级 Linux 桌面，当前版本已经将所有部件从 GTK2 更新到 GTK3，从D-Dbus Glib更新到GDBus，大部分组件支持Object Introspection（简称 GI，用于产生与解析 C 程序库 API 元信息，以便于动态语言（或托管语言）绑定基于 C + GObject 的程序库）。优化用户体验，加入新特性，并修补大量BUG。与其它UI界面（GNOME、KDE）相比，XFCE占用的内存和CPU使用量非常小，给用户带来亲切和高效的使用体验。
XFCE支持x86_64和aarch64两种架构。
#更新软件源
sudo dnf update
#安装字库
sudo dnf install dejavu-fonts liberation-fonts gnu-*-fonts google-*-fonts -y
#安装Xorg
sudo dnf install xorg-* -y
#安装XFCE及组件
sudo dnf install xfwm4 xfdesktop xfce4-* xfce4-*-plugin network-manager-applet -y
#安装登录管理器
sudo dnf install lightdm lightdm-gtk -y
#设置默认桌面为XFCE 通过root权限用户设置
echo 'user-session=xfce' >> /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf.d/60-lightdm-gtk-greeter.conf
#使用登录管理器登录XFCE
sudo systemctl start lightdm
#登录管理器启动后，在右上角左侧选择"xfce-session" 输入用户名、密码登录
#设置开机自启动图形界面
sudo systemctl enable lightdm
sudo systemctl set-default graphical.target
#如果默认默认安装了gdm，建议停用gdm
systemctl disable gdm
#重启验证
sudo reboot

#安装gnome桌面
 yum install gnome-shell gdm gnome-session gnome-terminal -y

#设置gdm自启，并设置启动级别为图形化界面
systemctl enable gdm.service
systemctl set-default graphical.target

#下载Xsession，并代替原来的Xsession
wget https://gitee.com/name1e5s/xsession/raw/master/Xsession
mv Xsession /etc/gdm/
chmod 777 /etc/gdm/Xsession
#重启
reboot
#可自行添加扩展坞
dnf install docky

#解决SSL certificate problem: certificate is not yet valid 问题（SSL证书问题：证书尚未生效）
rpm -qa mod_ssl
yum install mod_ssl openssl -y
reboot