1.Flume简介
Flume提供一个分布式的,可靠的,对大数据量的日志进行高效收集、聚集、移动的服务,Flume只能在Unix环境下运行。
Flume基于流式架构,容错性强,也很灵活简单。
Flume、Kafka用来实时进行数据收集,Spark、Flink用来实时处理数据,impala用来实时查询。
2.Flume角色
2.1、Source
用于采集数据,Source是产生数据流的地方,同时Source会将产生的数据流传输到Channel,这个有点类似于Java IO部分的Channel。
2.2、Channel
用于桥接Sources和Sinks,类似于一个队列。
2.3、Sink
从Channel收集数据,将数据写到目标源(可以是下一个Source,也可以是HDFS或者HBase)。
2.4、Event
传输单元,Flume数据传输的基本单元,以事件的形式将数据从源头送至目的地。
3.Flume传输过程
source监控某个文件或数据流,数据源产生新的数据,拿到该数据后,将数据封装在一个Event中,并put到channel后commit提交,channel队列先进先出,sink去channel队列中拉取数据,然后写入到HDFS中。
4.Flume部署及使用
4.1、文件配置
查询JAVA_HOME: echo $JAVA_HOME
显示/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_144 /opt/module/jdk1.8.0_144
安装Flume
[itstar@bigdata113 software]$ tar -zxvf apache-flume1.8.0-bin.tar.gz -C /opt/module/
改名:
[itstar@bigdata113 conf]$ mv flume-env.sh.template flume-env.sh
flume-env.sh涉及修改项:
export JAVA_HOME=/opt/module/jdk1.8.0_144
Linux中文件上传命令是:rz,下载:sz 如果没有这两个命令使用yum下载:yum install lrzsz
案例
案例一:监控端口数据
标:Flume监控一端Console,另一端Console发送消息,使被监控端实时显示。
分步实现:
安装telnet工具
yum -y install telnet
创建Flume Agent配置文件flume-telnet.conf
#定义Agent a1.sources = r1 a1.sinks = k1 a1.channels = c1 #定义netcatsource a1.sources.r1.type = netcat a1.sources.r1.bind = bigdata111 a1.sources.r1.port = 44445 # 定义sink a1.sinks.k1.type = logger # 定义channel a1.channels.c1.type = memory a1.channels.c1.capacity = 1000 a1.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100 # 双向链接 a1.sources.r1.channels = c1 a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1
判断44444端口是否被占用
$netstat -tunlp | grep 44445
启动flume配置文件
/opt/module/flume-1.8.0/bin/flume-ng agent \ --conf /opt/module/flume1.8.0/conf/ \ --name a1 \ --conf-file /opt/module/flume-1.8.0/jobconf/flume-telnet.conf \ -Dflume.root.logger==INFO,console 使用telnet工具向本机的44444端口发送内容 $ telnet bigdata111 44445
案例二:实时读取本地文件到HDFS
创建flume-hdfs.conf文件 # 1 agent a2.sources = r2 a2.sinks = k2 a2.channels = c2 # 2 source a2.sources.r2.type = exec a2.sources.r2.command = tail -F /opt/plus a2.sources.r2.shell = /bin/bash -c # 3 sink a2.sinks.k2.type = hdfs a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.path = hdfs://bigdata111:9000/flume/%Y%m%d/%H #上传文件的前缀 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.filePrefix = logs- #是否按照时间滚动文件夹 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.round = true #多少时间单位创建一个新的文件夹 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.roundValue = 1 #重新定义时间单位 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.roundUnit = hour #是否使用本地时间戳 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.useLocalTimeStamp = true #积攒多少个Event才flush到HDFS一次 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.batchSize = 1000 #设置文件类型,可支持压缩 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.fileType = DataStream #多久生成一个新的文件 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.rollInterval = 600 #设置每个文件的滚动大小 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.rollSize = 134217700 #文件的滚动与Event数量无关 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.rollCount = 0 #最小副本数 a2.sinks.k2.hdfs.minBlockReplicas = 1 # Use a channel which buffers events in memory a2.channels.c2.type = memory a2.channels.c2.capacity = 1000 a2.channels.c2.transactionCapacity = 100 # Bind the source and sink to the channel a2.sources.r2.channels = c2 a2.sinks.k2.channel = c2
3)执行监控配置
/opt/module/flume1.8.0/bin/flume-ng agent \ --conf /opt/module/flume1.8.0/conf/ \ --name a2 \ --conf-file /opt/module/flume1.8.0/jobconf/flume-hdfs.conf
案例三:实时读取目录文件到HDFS
目标:使用flume监听整个目录的文件
分步实现:
1)创建配置文件flume-dir.conf
#1 Agent a3.sources = r3 a3.sinks = k3 a3.channels = c3 #2 source #监控目录的类型 a3.sources.r3.type = spooldir #监控目录的路径 a3.sources.r3.spoolDir = /opt/module/flume1.8.0/upload #哪个文件上传hdfs,然后给这个文件添加一个后缀 a3.sources.r3.fileSuffix = .COMPLETED a3.sources.r3.fileHeader = true #忽略所有以.tmp结尾的文件,不上传(可选) a3.sources.r3.ignorePattern = ([^ ]*\.tmp) # 3 sink a3.sinks.k3.type = hdfs a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.path = hdfs://bigdata111:9000/flume/%H #上传文件的前缀 a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.filePrefix = upload- #是否按照时间滚动文件夹 a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.round = true #多少时间单位创建一个新的文件夹 a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.roundValue = 1 #重新定义时间单位 a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.roundUnit = hour #是否使用本地时间戳 a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.useLocalTimeStamp = true #积攒多少个Event才flush到HDFS一次 a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.batchSize = 100 #设置文件类型,可支持压缩 a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.fileType = DataStream #多久生成一个新的文件 a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.rollInterval = 600 #设置每个文件的滚动大小大概是128M a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.rollSize = 134217700 #文件的滚动与Event数量无关 a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.rollCount = 0 #最小副本数 a3.sinks.k3.hdfs.minBlockReplicas = 1 # Use a channel which buffers events in memory a3.channels.c3.type = memory a3.channels.c3.capacity = 1000 a3.channels.c3.transactionCapacity = 100 # Bind the source and sink to the channel a3.sources.r3.channels = c3 a3.sinks.k3.channel = c3
执行测试:执行如下脚本后,请向upload文件夹中添加文件试试
/opt/module/flume1.8.0/bin/flume-ng agent \ --conf /opt/module/flume1.8.0/conf/ \ --name a3 \ --conf-file /opt/module/flume1.8.0/jobconf/flume-dir.conf
尖叫提示:
在使用Spooling Directory Source时
不要在监控目录中创建并持续修改文件
上传完成的文件会以.COMPLETED结尾
被监控文件夹每500毫秒扫描一次文件变动
案例四:Flume与Flume之间数据传递:单Flume多Channel、Sink
目标:使用flume1监控文件变动,flume1将变动内容传递给flume-2,flume-2负责存储到HDFS。同时flume1将变动内容传递给flume-3,flume-3负责输出到local
分步实现:
1)创建flume1.conf,用于监控某文件的变动,同时产生两个channel和两个sink分别输送给flume2和flume3:
# 1.agent source->channel对应关系1/n sink->channel对应关系1/1 a1.sources = r1 a1.sinks = k1 k2 a1.channels = c1 c2 # 将数据流复制给多个channel a1.sources.r1.selector.type = replicating # 2.source a1.sources.r1.type = exec a1.sources.r1.command = tail -F /opt/plus a1.sources.r1.shell = /bin/bash -c # 3.sink1 a1.sinks.k1.type = avro a1.sinks.k1.hostname = bigdata112 a1.sinks.k1.port = 4141 # sink2 a1.sinks.k2.type = avro a1.sinks.k2.hostname = bigdata113 a1.sinks.k2.port = 4141 # 4.channel—1 a1.channels.c1.type = memory a1.channels.c1.capacity = 1000 a1.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100 # 4.channel—2 a1.channels.c2.type = memory a1.channels.c2.capacity = 1000 a1.channels.c2.transactionCapacity = 100 # Bind the source and sink to the channel a1.sources.r1.channels = c1 c2 a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1 a1.sinks.k2.channel = c2
2)创建flume-2.conf,用于接收flume1的event,同时产生1个channel和1个sink,将数据输送给hdfs:
# 1 agent a2.sources = r1 a2.sinks = k1 a2.channels = c1 # 2 source a2.sources.r1.type = avro a2.sources.r1.bind = bigdata112 a2.sources.r1.port = 4141 # 3 sink a2.sinks.k1.type = hdfs a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.path = hdfs://bigdata111:9000/flume2/%H #上传文件的前缀 a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.filePrefix = flume2- #是否按照时间滚动文件夹 a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.round = true #多少时间单位创建一个新的文件夹 a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.roundValue = 1 #重新定义时间单位 a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.roundUnit = hour #是否使用本地时间戳 a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.useLocalTimeStamp = true #积攒多少个Event才flush到HDFS一次 a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.batchSize = 100 #设置文件类型,可支持压缩 a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.fileType = DataStream #多久生成一个新的文件 a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollInterval = 600 #设置每个文件的滚动大小大概是128M a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollSize = 134217700 #文件的滚动与Event数量无关 a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollCount = 0 #最小副本数 a2.sinks.k1.hdfs.minBlockReplicas = 1 # 4 channel a2.channels.c1.type = memory a2.channels.c1.capacity = 1000 a2.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100 #5 Bind a2.sources.r1.channels = c1 a2.sinks.k1.channel = c1
3) 创建flume-3.conf,用于接收flume1的event,同时产生1个channel和1个sink,将数据输送给本地目录:
#1 agent a3.sources = r1 a3.sinks = k1 a3.channels = c1 # 2 source a3.sources.r1.type = avro a3.sources.r1.bind = bigdata113 a3.sources.r1.port = 4141 #3 sink a3.sinks.k1.type = file_roll #备注:此处的文件夹需要先创建好 a3.sinks.k1.sink.directory = /opt/flume3 # 4 channel a3.channels.c1.type = memory a3.channels.c1.capacity = 1000 a3.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100 # 5 Bind a3.sources.r1.channels = c1 a3.sinks.k1.channel = c1
尖叫提示:输出的本地目录必须是已经存在的目录,如果该目录不存在,并不会创建新的目录。
4) 执行测试:分别开启对应flume-job(依次启动flume1,flume-2,flume-3),同时产生文件变动并观察结果:
$ bin/flume-ng agent --conf conf/ --name a1 --conf-file jobconf/flume1.conf $ bin/flume-ng agent --conf conf/ --name a2 --conf-file jobconf/flume2.conf $ bin/flume-ng agent --conf conf/ --name a3 --conf-file jobconf/flume3.conf
案例五:Flume与Flume之间数据传递,多Flume汇总数据到单Flume
目标:flume11监控文件hive.log,flume-22监控某一个端口的数据流,flume11与flume-22将数据发送给flume-33,flume33将最终数据写入到HDFS。
分步实现:
1 )创建flume11.conf,用于监控hive.log文件,同时sink数据到flume-33:
# 1 agent a1.sources = r1 a1.sinks = k1 a1.channels = c1 # 2 source a1.sources.r1.type = exec a1.sources.r1.command = tail -F /opt/plus a1.sources.r1.shell = /bin/bash -c # 3 sink a1.sinks.k1.type = avro a1.sinks.k1.hostname = bigdata113 a1.sinks.k1.port = 4141 # 4 channel a1.channels.c1.type = memory a1.channels.c1.capacity = 1000 a1.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100 # 5. Bind a1.sources.r1.channels = c1 a1.sinks.k1.channel = c1
2)创建flume-22.conf,用于监控端口44444数据流,同时sink数据到flume-33:
# 1 agent a2.sources = r1 a2.sinks = k1 a2.channels = c1 # 2 source a2.sources.r1.type = netcat a2.sources.r1.bind = bigdata112 a2.sources.r1.port = 44444 #3 sink a2.sinks.k1.type = avro a2.sinks.k1.hostname = bigdata113 a2.sinks.k1.port = 4141 # 4 channel a2.channels.c1.type = memory a2.channels.c1.capacity = 1000 a2.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100 # 5 Bind a2.sources.r1.channels = c1 a2.sinks.k1.channel = c1
3)创建flume33.conf,用于接收flume11与flume22发送过来的数据流,最终合并后sink到HDFS:
# 1 agent a3.sources = r1 a3.sinks = k1 a3.channels = c1 # 2 source a3.sources.r1.type = avro a3.sources.r1.bind = bigdata113 a3.sources.r1.port = 4141 # 3 sink a3.sinks.k1.type = hdfs a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.path = hdfs://bigdata111:9000/flume3/%H #上传文件的前缀 a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.filePrefix = flume3- #是否按照时间滚动文件夹 a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.round = true #多少时间单位创建一个新的文件夹 a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.roundValue = 1 #重新定义时间单位 a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.roundUnit = hour #是否使用本地时间戳 a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.useLocalTimeStamp = true #积攒多少个Event才flush到HDFS一次 a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.batchSize = 100 #设置文件类型,可支持压缩 a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.fileType = DataStream #多久生成一个新的文件 a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollInterval = 600 #设置每个文件的滚动大小大概是128M a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollSize = 134217700 #文件的滚动与Event数量无关 a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.rollCount = 0 #最小冗余数 a3.sinks.k1.hdfs.minBlockReplicas = 1 # 4 channel a3.channels.c1.type = memory a3.channels.c1.capacity = 1000 a3.channels.c1.transactionCapacity = 100 # 5 Bind a3.sources.r1.channels = c1 a3.sinks.k1.channel = c1
4) 执行测试:分别开启对应flume-job(依次启动flume-33,flume-22,flume11),同时产生文件变动并观察结果:
$ bin/flume-ng agent --conf conf/ --name a3 --conf-file jobconf/flume33.conf $ bin/flume-ng agent --conf conf/ --name a2 --conf-file jobconf/flume22.conf $ bin/flume-ng agent --conf conf/ --name a1 --conf-file jobconf/flume11.conf
数据发送
telnet bigdata111 44444 打开后发送5555555 在/opt/plus 中追加666666
完