web服务之Tomcat

   Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，属于轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选。

示例 1：Tomcat的配置：

网站规划：

网页目录：/web/www    域名：www.test.com

论坛目录：/web/bbs   URL：www.test.com/bbs

 

方案部署：

1 准备JDK环境：

[zwj01@localhost local]$ sudo tar -zxf jdk-8u131-linux-x64.gz -C /usr/local/

[zwj01@localhost local]$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/jdk1.8.0_131/ /usr/local/jdk1.8

[zwj01@localhost local]$ sudo vim /etc/profile

export JAVA_HOME=/usr/local/jdk1.8

export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin

export CLASSPATH=$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

[zwj01@localhost local]$ source /etc/profile

[zwj01@localhost local]$ java -version

java version "1.8.0_131"

Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_131-b11)

Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.131-b11, mixed mode)

2 Tomcat配置：

[zwj01@localhost src]$ sudo wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-8/v8.0.44/bin/apache-tomcat-8.0.44.tar.gz

[zwj01@localhost src]$ sudo tar -zxf apache-tomcat-8.0.44.tar.gz -C /usr/local/

[zwj01@localhost local]$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/apache-tomcat-8.0.44 tomcat8.0

[zwj01@localhost ~]$ sudo useradd tomcat

[zwj01@localhost ~]$ sudo passwd tomcat

[zwj01@localhost ~]$ sudo chown -R tomcat.tomcat /usr/local/tomcat8.0/

[zwj01@localhost tomcat8.0]$ sudo vim /etc/profile

export CATALINA_HOME=/usr/local/tomcat8.0

[zwj01@localhost tomcat8.0]$ source /etc/profile

[zwj01@localhost ~]$ su -l tomcat

[tomcat@localhost ~]$ /usr/local/tomcat8.0/bin/startup.sh 

[tomcat@localhost ~]$ lsof -i :8080

COMMAND  PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

java    3058 tomcat   47u  IPv6  29317      0t0  TCP *:webcache (LISTEN)

修改主配置文件（绿色背景为修改后的配置），

[tomcat@localhost tomcat8.0]$ cd /usr/local/tomcat8.0/conf

[tomcat@localhost conf]$ vim server.xml 

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='utf-8'?>

<!--

  Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more

  contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with

  this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.

  The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0

  (the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with

  the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

  Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software

  distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,

  WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.

  See the License for the specific language governing permissions and

  limitations under the License.

-->

<!-- Note:  A "Server" is not itself a "Container", so you may not

     define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

     Documentation at /docs/config/server.html

 -->

<Server port="8005" shutdown="SHUTDOWN">

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener" />

  <!-- Security listener. Documentation at /docs/config/listeners.html

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener" />

  -->

  <!--APR library loader. Documentation at /docs/apr.html -->

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener" SSLEngine="on" />

  <!-- Prevent memory leaks due to use of particular java/javax APIs-->

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.JreMemoryLeakPreventionListener" />

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.mbeans.GlobalResourcesLifecycleListener" />

  <Listener className="org.apache.catalina.core.ThreadLocalLeakPreventionListener" />

  <!-- Global JNDI resources

       Documentation at /docs/jndi-resources-howto.html

  -->

  <GlobalNamingResources>

    <!-- Editable user database that can also be used by

         UserDatabaseRealm to authenticate users

    -->

    <Resource name="UserDatabase" auth="Container"

              type="org.apache.catalina.UserDatabase"

              description="User database that can be updated and saved"

              factory="org.apache.catalina.users.MemoryUserDatabaseFactory"

              pathname="conf/tomcat-users.xml" />

  </GlobalNamingResources>

 <!-- A "Service" is a collection of one or more "Connectors" that share

       a single "Container" Note:  A "Service" is not itself a "Container",

       so you may not define subcomponents such as "Valves" at this level.

       Documentation at /docs/config/service.html

   -->

  <Service name="Catalina">

    <!--The connectors can use a shared executor, you can define one or more named thread pools-->

    <!--

    <Executor name="tomcatThreadPool" namePrefix="catalina-exec-"

        maxThreads="150" minSpareThreads="4"/>

    -->

    <!-- A "Connector" represents an endpoint by which requests are received

         and responses are returned. Documentation at :

         Java HTTP Connector: /docs/config/http.html (blocking & non-blocking)

         Java AJP  Connector: /docs/config/ajp.html

         APR (HTTP/AJP) Connector: /docs/apr.html

         Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080

    -->

    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

               connectionTimeout="20000"

               redirectPort="8443" />

    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->

    <!--

    <Connector executor="tomcatThreadPool"

               port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"

               connectionTimeout="20000"

               redirectPort="8443" />

    -->

    <!-- Define a SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8443

         This connector uses the NIO implementation that requires the JSSE

         style configuration. When using the APR/native implementation, the

         OpenSSL style configuration is required as described in the APR/native

         documentation -->

    <!--

    <Connector port="8443" protocol="org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11NioProtocol"

               maxThreads="150" SSLEnabled="true" scheme="https" secure="true"

               clientAuth="false" sslProtocol="TLS" />

    -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->

    <!-- Define an AJP 1.3 Connector on port 8009 -->

    <Connector port="8009" protocol="AJP/1.3" redirectPort="8443" />

    <!-- An Engine represents the entry point (within Catalina) that processes

         every request.  The Engine implementation for Tomcat stand alone

         analyzes the HTTP headers included with the request, and passes them

         on to the appropriate Host (virtual host).

         Documentation at /docs/config/engine.html -->

    <!-- You should set jvmRoute to support load-balancing via AJP ie :

    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="jvm1">

    -->

    <Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="test.com">

      <!--For clustering, please take a look at documentation at:

          /docs/cluster-howto.html  (simple how to)

          /docs/config/cluster.html (reference documentation) -->

      <!--

      <Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"/>

      -->

      <!-- Use the LockOutRealm to prevent attempts to guess user passwords

           via a brute-force attack -->

      <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.LockOutRealm">

        <!-- This Realm uses the UserDatabase configured in the global JNDI

             resources under the key "UserDatabase".  Any edits

             that are performed against this UserDatabase are immediately

             available for use by the Realm.  -->

        <Realm className="org.apache.catalina.realm.UserDatabaseRealm"

               resourceName="UserDatabase"/>

      </Realm>

      <Host name="www.test.com"  appBase="/web"

            unpackWARs="true" autoDeploy="true">

        <Context path="" docBase="www/" reloadable="true" />

        <Context path="/bbs" docBase="/web/bbs/" reloadable="true" />

        <!-- SingleSignOn valve, share authentication between web applications

             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html -->

        <!--

        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.authenticator.SingleSignOn" />

        -->

        <!-- Access log processes all example.

             Documentation at: /docs/config/valve.html

          Note: The pattern used is equivalent to using pattern="common" -->

        <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.valves.AccessLogValve" directory="logs"

               prefix="localhost_access_log" suffix=".txt"

               pattern="%h %l %u %t &quot;%r&quot; %s %b" />

      </Host>

    </Engine>

  </Service>

</Server>

[tomcat@localhost web]$ mkdir -pv /web/{www,bbs}

[tomcat@localhost web]$ tree /web

/web

├── bbs

│   └── index.html

└── www

    └── index.jsp

[tomcat@localhost www]$ /usr/local/tomcat8.0/bin/shutdown.sh 

[tomcat@localhost www]$ /usr/local/tomcat8.0/bin/startup.sh 

[tomcat@localhost conf]$ lsof -i :8080

COMMAND  PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME

java    4278 tomcat   47u  IPv6  58195      0t0  TCP *:webcache (LISTEN)

附：

server.xml的配置
server.xml是tomcat的核心配置文件，在tomcat中也需要配置虚拟主机，server.xml是一个有标签组成的文本文件，找到默认的<Host>标签，在此标签结尾，也就是</Host>后面增加如下虚拟主机配置：
<Host name="192.168.60.198" debug="0" appBase="/webdata/www" unpackWARs="true">
    <Context path="" docBase="" debug="1"/>
</Host>
其中：
 name：指定虚拟主机名字，这里为了演示方便，用IP代替。
 debug：指定日志输出级别
 appBase：存放Web应用程序的基本目录，可以是绝对路径或相对于$CATALINA_HOME的目录，默认是$CATALINA_HOME/webapps。
 unpackWARs：如果为true，则tomcat会自动将WAR文件解压后运行，否则不解压而直接从WAR文件中运行应用程序。

 autoDeploy：如果为true，表示Tomcat启动时会自动发布appBase目录下所有的Web应用（包括新加入的Web应用）
 path：表示此Web应用程序的url入口，如为“/jsp”，则请求的URL为http://localhost/jsp/
 docBase：指定此Web应用的绝对或相对路径，也可以为WAR文件的路径。
这样tomcat的虚拟主机就创建完成了。