springMVC基础技术使用-阿里云开发者社区

1.常用注解

1.1@RequestMapping

@RequestMapping注解是一个用来处理请求地址映射的注解，可用于映射一个请求或一个方法，可以用在类或方法上。

1.2.@RequestParam

@RequestParam主要用于将请求参数区域的数据映射到控制层方法的参数上

1.3.@RequestBody

@RequestBody主要用来接收前端传递给后端的json字符串中的数据的(即请求体中的数据的

GET方式无请求体，所以使用@RequestBody接收数据时，前端不能使用GET方式提交数据，而是用POST方式进行提交。在后端的同一个接收方法里，@RequestBody与@RequestParam()可以同时使用，@RequestBody最多只能有一个，而@RequestParam()可以有多个。

1.4.@PathVariable

该注解请求URI中的模板变量部分到处理器功能处理方法的方法参数上的绑定。

即当使用@RequestMapping URI template 样式映射时，即 someUrl/{paramId}，这时的paramId可通过 @Pathvariable注解绑定它传过来的值到方法的参数上。

2.参数传递

2.1 slf4j-----日志

SLF4J，即简单日志门面（Simple Logging Facade for Java），不是具体的日志解决方案，它只服务于各种各样的日志系统。按照官方的说法，SLF4J是一个用于日志系统的简单Facade，允许最终用户在部署其应用时使用其所希望的日志系统。

先来在pom.xml配置文件中导入SLF4J的依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>org.example</groupId>
  <artifactId>ssm</artifactId>
  <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <name>ssm Maven Webapp</name>
  <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
  <url>http://www.example.com</url>
  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
    <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
    <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    <maven.compiler.plugin.version>3.7.0</maven.compiler.plugin.version>
    <!--添加jar包依赖-->
    <!--1.spring 5.0.2.RELEASE相关-->
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <!--2.mybatis相关-->
    <mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
    <!--mysql-->
    <mysql.version>5.1.44</mysql.version>
    <!--pagehelper分页jar依赖-->
    <pagehelper.version>5.1.2</pagehelper.version>
    <!--mybatis与spring集成jar依赖-->
    <mybatis.spring.version>1.3.1</mybatis.spring.version>
    <!--3.dbcp2连接池相关 druid-->
    <commons.dbcp2.version>2.1.1</commons.dbcp2.version>
    <commons.pool2.version>2.4.3</commons.pool2.version>
    <!--4.log日志相关-->
    <log4j2.version>2.9.1</log4j2.version>
    <log4j2.disruptor.version>3.2.0</log4j2.disruptor.version>
    <slf4j.version>1.7.13</slf4j.version>
    <!--5.其他-->
    <junit.version>4.12</junit.version>
    <servlet.version>4.0.0</servlet.version>
    <lombok.version>1.18.2</lombok.version>
    <!-- jstl+standard -->
    <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
    <standard.version>1.1.2</standard.version>
    <!-- spring -->
    <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
    <jackson.version>2.9.3</jackson.version>
  </properties>
  <dependencies>
    <!--1.spring相关-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--2.mybatis相关-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
      <version>${mybatis.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--mysql-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>${mysql.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--pagehelper分页插件jar包依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId>
      <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId>
      <version>${pagehelper.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--mybatis与spring集成jar包依赖-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
      <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId>
      <version>${mybatis.spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--3.dbcp2连接池相关-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-dbcp2</artifactId>
      <version>${commons.dbcp2.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
      <version>${commons.pool2.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--4.log日志相关依赖-->
    <!-- log4j2日志相关依赖 -->
    <!-- log配置：Log4j2 + Slf4j -->
    <!-- slf4j核心包-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
      <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--核心log4j2jar包-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j-api</artifactId>
      <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
      <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--用于与slf4j保持桥接-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j-slf4j-impl</artifactId>
      <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--web工程需要包含log4j-web，非web工程不需要-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.logging.log4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>log4j-web</artifactId>
      <version>${log4j2.version}</version>
      <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!--需要使用log4j2的AsyncLogger需要包含disruptor-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.lmax</groupId>
      <artifactId>disruptor</artifactId>
      <version>${log4j2.disruptor.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <!--5.其他-->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>${junit.version}</version>
<!--      <scope>test</scope>-->
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>${servlet.version}</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
      <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
      <version>${lombok.version}</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <!-- spring mvc相关依赖 -->
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>${spring.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>${jstl.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
      <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
      <version>${standard.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>${jackson.version}</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>ssm</finalName>
    <resources>
      <!--解决mybatis-generator-maven-plugin运行时没有将XxxMapper.xml文件放入target文件夹的问题-->
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/java</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>**/*.xml</include>
        </includes>
      </resource>
      <!--解决mybatis-generator-maven-plugin运行时没有将jdbc.properites文件放入target文件夹的问题-->
      <resource>
        <directory>src/main/resources</directory>
        <includes>
          <include>jdbc.properties</include>
          <include>*.xml</include>
        </includes>
      </resource>
    </resources>
  <!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.1.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.0.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.8.0</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.22.1</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>3.2.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.5.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8.2</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>${maven.compiler.plugin.version}</version>
          <configuration>
            <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
            <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
            <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
          <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>${maven.compiler.plugin.version}</version>
          <configuration>
            <source>${maven.compiler.source}</source>
            <target>${maven.compiler.target}</target>
            <encoding>${project.build.sourceEncoding}</encoding>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.mybatis.generator</groupId>
          <artifactId>mybatis-generator-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3.2</version>
          <dependencies>
            <!--使用Mybatis-generator插件不能使用太高版本的mysql驱动 -->
            <dependency>
              <groupId>mysql</groupId>
              <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
              <version>${mysql.version}</version>
            </dependency>
          </dependencies>
          <configuration>
            <overwrite>true</overwrite>
          </configuration>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

2.2基础类型

package com.sy.web;
import com.sy.model.Book;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import java.util.Map;
/**
 * @author 谌艳
 * @site www.shenyan.com
 * @create 2023-09-05 15:46
 */
@Slf4j
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/param")
public class ParamController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello1")
    public String index(String bname,Integer bid){
//System.out.println("hello springmvc!!!");
        log.info("简单类型参数：bname:{},bid:{}",bname,bid);
    return "index";
    }

效果展示：

2.3复杂类型

@RequestMapping("/hello2")
    public String index2(Book book, HttpServletRequest request){
//System.out.println("hello springmvc!!!");
        log.info("复杂类型参数：bname:{},bid:{}",request.getParameter("bname"),
                request.getParameter("bid"));
        log.info("复杂类型参数：book:{} " ,
               book.toString());
        return "index";
    }

效果展示：

2.4@RequestParam

@RequestMapping("/hello3")
    public String index3(
            @RequestParam String bname,
             @RequestParam (required = false) Integer bid){
//System.out.println("hello springmvc!!!");
        log.info("@RequestParam类型参数：bname:{},bid:{}",bname,bid);
        return "index";
    }

效果展示：

2.5@PathVariable

@RequestMapping("/hello4/{bid}")
    public String index4(@PathVariable("bid") Integer bid){
//System.out.println("hello springmvc!!!");
        log.info("@PathVariable类型参数:bid:{}",bid);
        return "index";
    }

效果展示：

2.6@RequestBody

@RequestMapping("/hello5")
    public String index5(Map map){
//System.out.println("hello springmvc!!!");
        log.info("RequestBody类型参数:map:{}",map);
        return "index";
    }

效果展示：

方需要借助一个测试软件传参数，我用的是Eolink

2.7请求方法（增删改查）

//    查询请求
    @GetMapping
    public String type1(){
    System.out.println("GetMapping!!!");
    return "index";
}
//新增请求
    @PostMapping
  public String type2(){
    System.out.println("GetMapping!!!");
    return "index";
}
//修改请求
@PutMapping
    public  String type3(){
    System.out.println("PutMapping!!!");
    return "index";
}
//删除请求
    @DeleteMapping
        public  String type4(){
        System.out.println("DeleteMapping!!!");
        return "index";
    }

3.返回值

创建一个ResponseUtil工具类，辅助完成测试代码如下 :

package com.sy.utis;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
public class ResponseUtil {
  public static void write(HttpServletResponse response,Object o)throws Exception{
    response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
    PrintWriter out=response.getWriter();
    out.println(o.toString());
    out.flush();
    out.close();
  }
  public static void writeJson(HttpServletResponse response,Object o)throws Exception{
    ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper();
//    om.writeValueAsString(o)代表了json串
    write(response, om.writeValueAsString(o));
  }
}

创建一个ReturnController类，来进行方法的请求测试(包含关于返回值的所以方法)。

3.1void 返回值

处理器对请求处理后，无需跳转到其它任何资源，此时可以让处理器方法返回 void。

/**
 * @author 谌艳
 * @site www.shenyan.com
 * @create 2023-09-05 19:25
 */
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/rs")
public class RetrurnController {
    @RequestMapping("/hello1")
    public void hello1(HttpServletResponse response){
        Map <String, Object> map=new HashMap<>();
        map.put("code",200);
        map.put("mag","成功添加。。。");
        try {
            ResponseUtil.writeJson(response,map);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

测试结果：

3.2String 返回值

@RequestMapping("/hello3")
    public String hello3() {
        return "index";
    }

4.3 model+String

@RequestMapping("/hello4")
    public String hello4(
            Model model,
            HttpServletRequest request) {
        model.addAttribute("name","米西米西");
        request.setAttribute("chapter","花不垃圾");
        return "index";
    }

测试结果：

4.页面跳转

4.1转发

4.2重定向

转发和重定向的实现方式有所不同。转发是在服务器端进行处理，服务器接收到用户的请求后，将请求转发到另一个URL，并将响应返回给用户。重定向是通过发送特定的HTTP响应代码来告诉浏览器将用户的请求重定向到另一个URL，浏览器接收到重定向响应后，会自动发送新的请求到重定向的URL。

使用场景方面，转发适用于需要在服务器端进行一些处理后，将请求转发到其他页面或处理逻辑的情况。转发可以保持用户的URL不变，用户在浏览器中看到的URL仍然是原始的URL。重定向适用于需要将用户导航到其他页面或处理逻辑的情况，重定向会导致浏览器发送新的请求到重定向的URL，并在浏览器的地址栏中显示新的URL。增删改都是用重定向