操作数应包含1列-MySQL NOT IN

开发人员通常会为验证登录密码而感到困惑，因为他们不确定如何处理存储的密码哈希。他们知道应该使用合适的函数（例如password_hash（））对密码进行哈希处理，并将其存储在varchar(255)字段中：

// Hash a new password for storing in the database. // The function automatically generates a cryptographically safe salt. $hashToStoreInDb = password_hash($password, PASSWORD_DEFAULT); 在登录表单中，我们无法直接使用SQL验证密码，也无法搜索密码，因为存储的哈希值是固定的。相反，我们...

必须从数据库中读取密码哈希，并通过用户标识进行搜索 然后可以使用password_verify（）函数对照找到的哈希值检查登录密码。 您可以在下面找到一些示例代码，其中显示了如何通过mysqli连接进行密码验证。该代码没有错误检查使其可读：

/** * mysqli example for a login with a stored password-hash */ $mysqli = new mysqli($dbHost, $dbUser, $dbPassword, $dbName); $mysqli->set_charset('utf8');

// Find the stored password hash in the db, searching by username $sql = 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = ?'; $stmt = $mysqli->prepare($sql); $stmt->bind_param('s', $_POST['username']); // it is safe to pass the user input unescaped $stmt->execute();

// If this user exists, fetch the password-hash and check it $isPasswordCorrect = false; $stmt->bind_result($hashFromDb); if ($stmt->fetch() === true) { // Check whether the entered password matches the stored hash. // The salt and the cost factor will be extracted from $hashFromDb. $isPasswordCorrect = password_verify($_POST['password'], $hashFromDb); } 请注意，该示例使用预处理语句来避免SQL注入，在这种情况下，不必转义。从pdo连接读取的等效示例如下所示：

/** * pdo example for a login with a stored password-hash */ $dsn = "mysql:host=$dbHost;dbname=$dbName;charset=utf8"; $pdo = new PDO($dsn, $dbUser, $dbPassword);

// Find the stored password hash in the db, searching by username $sql = 'SELECT password FROM users WHERE username = ?'; $stmt = $pdo->prepare($sql); $stmt->bindValue(1, $_POST['username'], PDO::PARAM_STR); // it is safe to pass the user input unescaped $stmt->execute();

// If this user exists, fetch the password hash and check it $isPasswordCorrect = false; if (($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) !== false) { $hashFromDb = $row['password'];

// Check whether the entered password matches the stored hash. // The salt and the cost factor will be extracted from $hashFromDb. $isPasswordCorrect = password_verify($_POST['password'], $hashFromDb); }