保留最后 N 个元素

留有限历史记录正是 collections.deque 大显身手的时候。比如，下面的代码在多行上面做简单的文本匹配， 并返回匹配所在行的最后N行：

from collections import deque


def search(lines, pattern, history=5):
    previous_lines = deque(maxlen=history)
    for line in lines:
        if pattern in line:
            yield line, previous_lines
        previous_lines.append(line)

# Example use on a file
if __name__ == '__main__':
    with open(r'../../cookbook/somefile.txt') as f:
        for line, prevlines in search(f, 'python', 5):
            for pline in prevlines:
                print(pline, end='')
            print(line, end='')
            print('-' * 20)