@[TOC]
需求分析
需求一:图片列表查询，从后台返回数据，将数据展示在页面上
需求二:新增图片，将新增图书的数据传递到后台，并在控制台打印
说明：此次案例的重点是在SpringMVC中如何使用RESTful实现前后台交互，所以本案例并没有和数据库进行交互，所有数据使用假数据来完成开发。
我们的基本步骤：
- 搭建项目导入jar包
- 编写Controller类，提供两个方法，一个用来做列表查询，一个用来做新增
- 在方法上使用RESTful进行路径设置
- 完成请求、参数的接收和结果的响应
- 使用PostMan进行测试
- 将前端页面拷贝到项目中
- 页面发送ajax请求
- 完成页面数据的展示
环境准备
- 创建一个Web的Maven项目
pom.xml添加Spring依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.nefu</groupId> <artifactId>springmvc_try</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>5.2.10.RELEASE</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.0</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.1</version> <configuration> <port>80</port> <path>/</path> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>创建对应的配置类
public class ServletContainersInitConfig extends AbstractAnnotationConfigDispatcherServletInitializer { protected Class<?>[] getRootConfigClasses() { return new Class[0]; } protected Class<?>[] getServletConfigClasses() { return new Class[]{SpringMvcConfig.class}; } protected String[] getServletMappings() { return new String[]{"/"}; } //乱码处理 @Override protected Filter[] getServletFilters() { CharacterEncodingFilter filter = new CharacterEncodingFilter(); filter.setEncoding("UTF-8"); return new Filter[]{filter}; } } @Configuration @ComponentScan("com.nefu.controller") //开启json数据类型自动转换 @EnableWebMvc public class SpringMvcConfig { }编写模型类Book
public class Book { private Integer id; private String type; private String name; private String description; //setter...getter...toString略 }编写BookController
@Controller public class BookController { }
项目结构：
后台接口开发
步骤1:编写Controller类并使用RESTful进行配置
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/books")
public class BookController {
@PostMapping
public String save(@RequestBody Book book){
System.out.println("book save ==> "+ book);
return "{'module':'book save success'}";
}
@GetMapping
public List<Book> getAll(){
System.out.println("book getAll is running ...");
List<Book> bookList = new ArrayList<Book>();
Book book1 = new Book();
book1.setType("计算机");
book1.setName("SpringMVC入门教程");
book1.setDescription("小试牛刀");
bookList.add(book1);
Book book2 = new Book();
book2.setType("计算机");
book2.setName("SpringMVC实战教程");
book2.setDescription("一代宗师");
bookList.add(book2);
Book book3 = new Book();
book3.setType("计算机丛书");
book3.setName("SpringMVC实战教程进阶");
book3.setDescription("一代宗师呕心创作");
bookList.add(book3);
return bookList;
}
}步骤2：使用PostMan进行测试
测试新增
{
"type":"计算机丛书",
"name":"SpringMVC终极开发",
"description":"这是一本好书"
}
测试查询
页面访问处理
步骤1:拷贝静态页面
将资料\功能页面下的所有内容拷贝到项目的webapp目录下
步骤2:访问pages目录下的books.html
打开浏览器输入http://localhost/pages/books.html
(1)出现错误的原因?
SpringMVC拦截了静态资源，根据/pages/books.html去controller找对应的方法，找不到所以会报404的错误。
(2)SpringMVC为什么会拦截静态资源呢?
(3)解决方案?
- ==SpringMVC需要将静态资源进行放行。==
@Configuration
public class SpringMvcSupport extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
//设置静态资源访问过滤，当前类需要设置为配置类，并被扫描加载
@Override
protected void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
//当访问/pages/????时候，从/pages目录下查找内容
registry.addResourceHandler("/pages/**").addResourceLocations("/pages/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/js/**").addResourceLocations("/js/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/css/**").addResourceLocations("/css/");
registry.addResourceHandler("/plugins/**").addResourceLocations("/plugins/");
}
}
- 该配置类是在config目录下，SpringMVC扫描的是controller包，所以该配置类还未生效，要想生效需要将SpringMvcConfig配置类进行修改
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.nefu.controller","com.nefu.config"})
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}
或者
@Configuration
@ComponentScan("com.nefu")
@EnableWebMvc
public class SpringMvcConfig {
}==注意：==
此处有人可能会想着把SpringMvcSupport配置类上的@Configuration注解给去掉，然后在SpringMvcConfig文件中使用@Import进行引入这样是不行的！因为这样的话实际上是让SpringMvcConfig引入SpringMvcSupport配置类中所有的bean，但是你SpringMvcSupport配置类中就重写了一个方法，压根就没有bean。所以不能使用。
例如像下面这种才可以使用：@Configuration public class ImportedConfig { @Bean public ImportedBean getImportedBean(){ return new ImportedBean(); } } 具体的@Import注解使用规则，可以参考下面的链接：
步骤3:修改books.html页面
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<!-- 页面meta -->
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>SpringMVC案例</title>
<!-- 引入样式 -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/elementui/index.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../plugins/font-awesome/css/font-awesome.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/style.css">
</head>
<body class="hold-transition">
<div id="app">
<div class="content-header">
<h1>图书管理</h1>
</div>
<div class="app-container">
<div class="box">
<div class="filter-container">
<el-input placeholder="图书名称" style="width: 200px;" class="filter-item"></el-input>
<el-button class="dalfBut">查询</el-button>
<el-button type="primary" class="butT" @click="openSave()">新建</el-button>
</div>
<el-table size="small" current-row-key="id" :data="dataList" stripe highlight-current-row>
<el-table-column type="index" align="center" label="序号"></el-table-column>
<el-table-column prop="type" label="图书类别" align="center"></el-table-column>
<el-table-column prop="name" label="图书名称" align="center"></el-table-column>
<el-table-column prop="description" label="描述" align="center"></el-table-column>
<el-table-column label="操作" align="center">
<template slot-scope="scope">
<el-button type="primary" size="mini">编辑</el-button>
<el-button size="mini" type="danger">删除</el-button>
</template>
</el-table-column>
</el-table>
<div class="pagination-container">
<el-pagination
class="pagiantion"
@current-change="handleCurrentChange"
:current-page="pagination.currentPage"
:page-size="pagination.pageSize"
layout="total, prev, pager, next, jumper"
:total="pagination.total">
</el-pagination>
</div>
<!-- 新增标签弹层 -->
<div class="add-form">
<el-dialog title="新增图书" :visible.sync="dialogFormVisible">
<el-form ref="dataAddForm" :model="formData" :rules="rules" label-position="right" label-width="100px">
<el-row>
<el-col :span="12">
<el-form-item label="图书类别" prop="type">
<el-input v-model="formData.type"/>
</el-form-item>
</el-col>
<el-col :span="12">
<el-form-item label="图书名称" prop="name">
<el-input v-model="formData.name"/>
</el-form-item>
</el-col>
</el-row>
<el-row>
<el-col :span="24">
<el-form-item label="描述">
<el-input v-model="formData.description" type="textarea"></el-input>
</el-form-item>
</el-col>
</el-row>
</el-form>
<div slot="footer" class="dialog-footer">
<el-button @click="dialogFormVisible = false">取消</el-button>
<el-button type="primary" @click="saveBook()">确定</el-button>
</div>
</el-dialog>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
<!-- 引入组件库 -->
<script src="../js/vue.js"></script>
<script src="../plugins/elementui/index.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="../js/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="../js/axios-0.18.0.js"></script>
<script>
var vue = new Vue({
el: '#app',
data:{
dataList: [],//当前页要展示的分页列表数据
formData: {},//表单数据
dialogFormVisible: false,//增加表单是否可见
dialogFormVisible4Edit:false,//编辑表单是否可见
pagination: {},//分页模型数据，暂时弃用
},
//钩子函数，VUE对象初始化完成后自动执行
created() {
this.getAll();
},
methods: {
// 重置表单
resetForm() {
//清空输入框
this.formData = {};
},
// 弹出添加窗口
openSave() {
this.dialogFormVisible = true;
this.resetForm();
},
//添加
saveBook () {
axios.post("/books",this.formData).then((res)=>{
});
},
//主页列表查询
getAll() {
axios.get("/books").then((res)=>{
this.dataList = res.data;
});
},
}
})
</script>
</html>
![[SpringMVC]restful风格](https://ucc.alicdn.com/pic/developer-ecology/3mfxe2r26qbaq_7c8751de7890416093a5411e9e14d0c7.jpeg?x-oss-process=image/resize,h_160,m_lfit)
