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使用cobbler 安装工具批量安装服务器

2022-05-29 168
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简介： Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机一，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。

Cobbler简介


  • Cobbler是一个Linux服务器安装的服务，可以通过网络启动(PXE)的方式来快速安装、重装物理服务器和虚拟机一，同时还可以管理DHCP，DNS等。


  • Cobbler可以使用命令行方式管理，也提供了基于Web的界面管理工具(cobbler-web)，还提供了API接口，可以方便二次开发使用。


  • Cobbler是较早前的kickstart的升级版，优点是比较容易配置，还自带web界面比较易于管理。


  • Cobbler内置了一个轻量级配置管理系统，但它也支持和其它配置管理系统集成，如Puppet，暂时不支持SaltStack。


Cobbler官网


http://cobbler. github.io/


cobbler集成的服务


  • PXE服务支持


  • DHCP服务管理


  • DNS服务管理(可选bind,dnsmasq)


  • 电源管理


  • Kickstart服务支持


  • YUM仓库管理


  • TFTP(PXE启动时需要)


  • Apache(提供kickstart的安装源，并提供定制化的kickstart配置)


cobbler配置文件详解


cobbler配置文件目录在/etc/cobbler


image.png


cobbler数据目录


image.png


cobbler日志文件


image.png


cobbler命令详解


cobbler check       //核对当前设置是否有问题
cobbler list        //列出所有的cobbler元素
cobbler report      //列出元素的详细信息
cobbler sync        //同步配置到数据目录,更改配置最好都要执行下
cobbler reposync    //同步yum仓库
cobbler distro      //查看导入的发行版系统信息
cobbler system      //查看添加的系统信息
cobbler profile     //查看配置信息


cobbler服务端部署


配置yum源（网络源）


[root@localhost ~]#  curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
  % Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                                 Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
100  1572  100  1572    0     0   2687      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--  2691
[root@localhost ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/
CentOS7-Base-163.repo  redhat.repo  xx.repo
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/\$releasever/7/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^enabled=.*/enabled=1/g' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS7-Base-163.repo


  • 安装epel-release源


[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install epel-release
已加载插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
base                                                 | 3.6 kB     00:00     
centosplus                                           | 3.4 kB     00:00     
extras                                               | 3.4 kB     00:00 
……
安装过程省略


安装cobbler以及相关的软件


[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install httpd dhcp tftp python-ctypes cobbler  xinetd cobbler-web pykickstart
已加载插件：product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager
This system is not registered with an entitlement server. You can use subscription-manager to register.
安装过程省略
……


启动服务并设置开机自启


[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable httpd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable cobblerd
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/cobblerd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/cobblerd.service.


  • 修改server的ip、tfftp地址为本机ip


[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings 
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^server: 127.0.0.1/server: 192.168.170.14/' /etc/cobbler/settings
[root@localhost ~]# sed -i 's/^next_server: 127.0.0.1/next_server:  192.168.170.14/' /etc/cobbler/settings


  • 下载确实文件


[root@localhost ~]#  cobbler sync
task started: 2019-08-29_172318_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 29 17:23:18 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


  • 启动rsync并设置开机自启


[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128      *:22                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5      127.0.0.1:25151                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5        *:873                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     :::80                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128     :::22                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100    ::1:25                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128     :::443                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      5       :::873                 :::*


  • 生成加密的密码


[root@localhost ~]#  openssl passwd -1 -salt "$RANDOM" '123456'
$1$4083$9jFt/kdeFNmOe4QlSuV4D.


  • 将新生成的加密密码加入到配置文件


[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/settings
....    //此处为省略内容
default_password_crypted: "$1$28958$sq1sJFDX0bZo.H8Q.8NLg0"
.....   //此处为省略内容


  • 重启cobbler


[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q      Local Address:Port                     Peer Address:Port
LISTEN      0      128                     *:22                                  *:*
LISTEN      0      100             127.0.0.1:25                                  *:*
LISTEN      0      5               127.0.0.1:25151                               *:*
LISTEN      0      5                       *:873                                 *:*
LISTEN      0      128                    :::80                                 :::*
LISTEN      0      128                    :::22                                 :::*
LISTEN      0      100                   ::1:25                                 :::*
LISTEN      0      128                    :::443                                :::*
LISTEN      0      5                      :::873                                :::*


  • 通过cobbler check核对当前设置是否有问题


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler check
The following are potential configuration items that you may want to fix:
1 : debmirror package is not installed, it will be required to manage debian deployments and repositories
2 : fencing tools were not found, and are required to use the (optional) power management features. install cman or fence-agents to use them
以上两个是关于debian系统的错误，请忽略


  • 配置cobbler dhcp


  • 修改cobbler配置文件，让cobbler控制dhcp


[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/cobbler/dhcp.template
....    //此处为省略内容
subnet 192.168.170.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
     option routers             192.168.170.2;         //服务器端的网关
     option domain-name-servers 8.8.8.8;        //此处为系统安装好后指定的dns地址
     option subnet-mask         255.255.255.0;
     range dynamic-bootp      192.168.170.100 192.168.170.200;  分配的地址池
     default-lease-time         21600;
     max-lease-time             43200;
     next-server                $next_server; 
....    //此处为省略内容


  • 重启服务并同步配置，改完dhcp必须要sync同步配置


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler sync
task started: 2019-08-29_184616_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 29 18:46:16 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-27-5d-16
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-3a-17-d2
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-27-5D-16
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-3A-17-D2
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/01-00-50-56-3a-17-d2
generating: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/01-00-50-56-3A-17-D2
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


  • 检查dhcp是否正常


[root@localhost ~]# netstat -anulp|grep dhcp
udp        0      0 0.0.0.0:67              0.0.0.0:*                           12692/dhcpd


  • 导入redhat7镜像


[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/cdrom/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler import --path=/mnt/cdrom --name=rhel-7 arch=x86_64
task started: 2019-08-29_171616_import
task started (id=Media import, time=Thu Aug 29 17:16:16 2019)
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel6
Found a candidate signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Found a matching signature: breed=redhat, version=rhel7
Adding distros from path /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7:
creating new distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying symlink: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7 -> /var/www/cobbler/links/rhel-7-x86_64
creating new profile: rhel-7-x86_64
associating repos
checking for rsync repo(s)
checking for rhn repo(s)
checking for yum repo(s)
starting descent into /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7 for rhel-7-x86_64
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/HighAvailability/repodata
processing repo at : /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage
need to process repo/comps: /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage
looking for /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata/*comps*.xml
Keeping repodata as-is :/var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/addons/ResilientStorage/repodata
*** TASK COMPLETE ***
//说明：
    --path      //镜像路径
    --name      //为安装源定义一个名字
    --arch      //指定安装源平台
安装源的唯一标示就是根据name参数来定义，本例导入成功后，安装源的唯一标示就是：CentOS-7-x86_64，如果重复，系统会提示导入失败


  • 查看cobbler镜像列表


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler list
distros:
   rhel-7-x86_64
profiles:
   rhel-7-x86_64
systems:
repos:
images:
mgmtclasses:
packages:
files:


  • 创建kickstarts自动安装脚本


[root@localhost ~]# cat > /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks <<'EOF'
> auth --enableshadow --passalgo=sha512
> bootloader --location=mbr
> clearpart --all --initlabel
> part /boot --asprimary --fstype="ext4" --size=500
> part swap --fstype="swap" --size=4096
> part / --fstype="ext4" --grow --size=15000
> text
> firewall --disabled
> firstboot --disable
> keyboard us
> lang en_US
> url --url=http://172.16.12.128/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7-x86_64
> $yum_repo_stanza
> reboot
> 
> rootpw --iscrypted $6$2WTFvfNvAMgCUPuC$MJgWGzhakgxrRObcEbAwSe8vkz0s//xyiTllGwxRsHHruQhcskO69u2LVTU9u0eemHXH2pzcGawyAJ54R2E/x0
> 
> selinux --disabled
> skipx
> timezone Asia/Shanghai --isUtc --nontp
> install
> zerombr
> 
> %packages
> @^minimal
> @core
> kexec-tools
> 
> %end
> 
> %addon com_redhat_kdump --enable --reserve-mb='auto'
> 
> %end
> 
> %anaconda
> pwpolicy root --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
> pwpolicy user --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --emptyok
> pwpolicy luks --minlen=6 --minquality=1 --notstrict --nochanges --notempty
> %end
> EOF
[root@localhost ~]# 
[root@localhost ~]# vim /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks 
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler validateks
task started: 2019-08-29_172202_validateks
task started (id=Kickstart Validation, time=Thu Aug 29 17:22:02 2019)
----------------------------
osversion: rhel7
checking url: http://192.168.170.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64
running: /usr/bin/ksvalidator -v "rhel7" "http://192.168.170.14/cblr/svc/op/ks/profile/rhel-7-x86_64"
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
*** all kickstarts seem to be ok ***
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


  • 检查ks文件语法是否有误


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
   rhel-7-x86_64
[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
[root@localhost ~]#  cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'
[root@localhost ~]#  cobbler profile report
Name                           : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : rhel-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm


  • 查看当前cobbler有哪些配置文件


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile list
 Centos-7-x86_64


  • 修改profile，将我们新建的ks文件设为默认的kickstarts安装文件


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kickstart=/var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks


  • 配置网卡名称为传统网卡名称eth0


[root@localhost ~]# cobbler profile edit --name rhel-7-x86_64 --kopts='net.ifnames=0 biosdevname=0'


  • 检查当前系统cobbler配置文件信息


[root@localhost ~]#  cobbler profile report
Name                           : rhel-7-x86_64
TFTP Boot Files                : {}
Comment                        : 
DHCP Tag                       : default
Distribution                   : rhel-7-x86_64
Enable gPXE?                   : 0
Enable PXE Menu?               : 1
Fetchable Files                : {}
Kernel Options                 : {'biosdevname': '0', 'net.ifnames': '0'}
Kernel Options (Post Install)  : {}
Kickstart                      : /var/lib/cobbler/kickstarts/rhel-7-x86_64.ks
Kickstart Metadata             : {}
Management Classes             : []
Management Parameters          : <<inherit>>
Name Servers                   : []
Name Servers Search Path       : []
Owners                         : ['admin']
Parent Profile                 : 
Internal proxy                 : 
Red Hat Management Key         : <<inherit>>
Red Hat Management Server      : <<inherit>>
Repos                          : []
Server Override                : <<inherit>>
Template Files                 : {}
Virt Auto Boot                 : 1
Virt Bridge                    : xenbr0
Virt CPUs                      : 1
Virt Disk Driver Type          : raw
Virt File Size(GB)             : 5
Virt Path                      : 
Virt RAM (MB)                  : 512
Virt Type                      : kvm


  • 同步cobbler


[root@localhost ~]#  cobbler sync
task started: 2019-08-29_172318_sync
task started (id=Sync, time=Thu Aug 29 17:23:18 2019)
running pre-sync triggers
cleaning trees
removing: /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/images
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/efidefault
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64
removing: /var/lib/tftpboot/s390x/profile_list
copying bootloaders
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86.efi
trying hardlink /var/lib/cobbler/loaders/grub-x86_64.efi -> /var/lib/tftpboot/grub/grub-x86_64.efi
copying distros to tftpboot
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/lib/tftpboot/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
copying images
generating PXE configuration files
generating PXE menu structure
copying files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/vmlinuz -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/vmlinuz
trying hardlink /var/www/cobbler/ks_mirror/rhel-7/images/pxeboot/initrd.img -> /var/www/cobbler/images/rhel-7-x86_64/initrd.img
Writing template files for rhel-7-x86_64
rendering DHCP files
generating /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf
rendering TFTPD files
generating /etc/xinetd.d/tftp
processing boot_files for distro: rhel-7-x86_64
cleaning link caches
running post-sync triggers
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.sync_post_restart_services
running: dhcpd -t -q
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: 
running: service dhcpd restart
received on stdout: 
received on stderr: Redirecting to /bin/systemctl restart dhcpd.service
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/sync/post/*
running python triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
running python trigger cobbler.modules.manage_genders
running python trigger cobbler.modules.scm_track
running shell triggers from /var/lib/cobbler/triggers/change/*
*** TASK COMPLETE ***


  • 为避免发生未知问题，先把服务端所有服务重启


[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart xinetd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart httpd
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port               Peer Address:Port              
LISTEN      0      128      *:22                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      100    127.0.0.1:25                   *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5      127.0.0.1:25151                *:*                  
LISTEN      0      5        *:873                  *:*                  
LISTEN      0      128     :::80                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128     :::22                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      100    ::1:25                  :::*                  
LISTEN      0      128     :::443                 :::*                  
LISTEN      0      5       :::873                 :::*


客户端安装系统：


手动验证


创建一个虚拟机，模式和服务端模式一样，(这里我使用的是nat，所以要安装的虚拟机模式也是nat)，然后设置，


image.png


然后，直接开启虚拟机,看到以下界面，，手动配置成功


image.png


ok！这样效果是出来了，但是，还是需要手动选择，如果机器太多，每台服务器都要选择，还是很麻烦，所以采用web界面配置


定制安装


定制安装步骤:


  • 统计服务器mac地址


  • 配置cobbler


  • 安装


  • 把所有用到的服务启动起来


[root@cobbler ~]# systemctl restart cobblerd httpd tftp rsyncd
这里不用启动dhcpd是因为已经被cobbler接管了


访问测试 https://IP/cobbler_web报错


500 nternal Server Error


  • 检查


[root@localhost ~]# tail -f  /var/log/httpd/ssl_error_log 
[Wed Aug 14 21:49:53.984939 2019] [:error] [pid 5496] [remote 10.0.0.1:4]     self._setup(name)
[Wed Aug 14 21:49:53.984943 2019] [:error] [pid 5496] [remote 10.0.0.1:4]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 41, in _setup
[Wed Aug 14 21:49:53.984948 2019] [:error] [pid 5496] [remote 10.0.0.1:4]     self._wrapped = Settings(settings_module)
[Wed Aug 14 21:49:53.984952 2019] [:error] [pid 5496] [remote 10.0.0.1:4]   File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/django/conf/__init__.py", line 110, in __init__
[Wed Aug 14 21:49:53.984957 2019] [:error] [pid 5496] [remote 10.0.0.1:4]     mod = importlib.import_module(self.SETTINGS_MODULE)
[Wed Aug 14 21:49:53.984961 2019] [:error] [pid 5496] [remote 10.0.0.1:4]   File "/usr/lib64/python2.7/importlib/__init__.py", line 37, in import_module
[Wed Aug 14 21:49:53.984968 2019] [:error] [pid 5496] [remote 10.0.0.1:4]     __import__(name)
[Wed Aug 14 21:49:53.984972 2019] [:error] [pid 5496] [remote 10.0.0.1:4]   File "/usr/share/cobbler/web/settings.py", line 89, in <module>
[Wed Aug 14 21:49:53.984978 2019] [:error] [pid 5496] [remote 10.0.0.1:4]     from django.conf.global_settings import TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS
[Wed Aug 14 21:49:53.984988 2019] [:error] [pid 5496] [remote 10.0.0.1:4] ImportError: cannot import name TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS


  • 猜测python-django版本有问题: https:/lgithub.com/cobblerlcobblerlissues/1959(可以去下载这个版本)


  • 安装新的python-django版本


[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install python2-pip
[root@localhost ~]#  pip install --upgrade pip
[root@localhost ~]# pip install Django==1.9.13
#用pip安装指定版本的Django


再次访问: https://192.168.170.14/cobbler_web


  • 在cobbler 的web界面上配置:


image.png


配在cobbler 的web界面上配置:


  • 创建—个虚拟机


image.png


  • 设置虚拟机


image.png


  • 编辑网卡、mac


image.png


这里的mac是你想装系统的mac


  • 测试


image.png


ok！

文章标签：
云虚拟主机
Linux
数据安全/隐私保护
网络协议
Apache
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关键词：
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