Google Earth Engine——2017年更新的RESOLVE生态区数据集提供了代表我们生活星球的846个陆地生态区的描述数据集

The RESOLVE Ecoregions dataset, updated in 2017, offers a depiction of the 846 terrestrial ecoregions that represent our living planet. View the stylized map at https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/ or in Earth Engine.

Ecoregions, in the simplest definition, are ecosystems of regional extent. Specifically, ecoregions represent distinct assemblages of biodiversity―all taxa, not just vegetation―whose boundaries include the space required to sustain ecological processes. Ecoregions provide a useful basemap for conservation planning in particular because they draw on natural, rather than political, boundaries, define distinct biogeographic assemblages and ecological habitats within biomes, and assist in representation of Earth’s biodiversity.

This dataset is based on recent advances in biogeography - the science concerning the distribution of plants and animals. The original ecoregions dataset has been widely used since its introduction in 2001, underpinning the most recent analyses of the effects of global climate change on nature by ecologists to the distribution of the world's beetles to modern conservation planning.

The 846 terrestrial ecoregions are grouped into 14 biomes and 8 realms. Six of these biomes are forest biomes and remaining eight are non-forest biomes. For the forest biomes, the geographic boundaries of the ecoregions (Dinerstein et al., 2017) and protected areas (UNEP-WCMC 2016) were intersected with the Global Forest Change data (Hansen et al. 2013) for the years 2000 to 2015, to calculate percent of habitat in protected areas and percent of remaining habitat outside protected areas. Likewise, the boundaries of the non-forest ecoregions and protected areas (UNEP-WCMC 2016) were intersected with Anthropogenic Biomes data (Anthromes v2) for the year 2000 (Ellis et al., 2010) to identify remaining habitats inside and outside the protected areas. Each ecoregion has a unique ID, area (sq. degrees), and NNH (Nature Needs Half) categories 1-4. NNH categories are based on percent of habitat in protected areas and percent of remaining habitat outside protected areas.

1. Half Protected: More than 50% of the total ecoregion area is already protected.
2. Nature Could Reach Half: Less than 50% of the total ecoregion area is protected but the amount of remaining unprotected natural habitat could bring protection to over 50% if new conservation areas are added to the system.
3. Nature Could Recover: The amount of protected and unprotected natural habitat remaining is less than 50% but more than 20%. Ecoregions in this category would require restoration to reach Half Protected.
4. Nature Imperiled: The amount of protected and unprotected natural habitat remaining is less than or equal to 20%. Achieving half protected is not possible in the short term and efforts should focus on conserving remaining, native habitat fragments.

The updated Ecoregions 2017 is the most-up-to-date (as of February 2018) dataset on remaining habitat in each terrestrial ecoregion. It was released to chart progress towards achieving the visionary goal of Nature Needs Half, to protect half of all the land on Earth to save a living terrestrial biosphere.

Note - a number of ecoregions are very complex polygons with over a million vertices, such as Rock & Ice. These ecoregions were split when necessary, with attributes like Eco_ID being preserved. If you’d like to see all ecoregions that have been split, please run this script.

2017年更新的RESOLVE生态区数据集提供了代表我们生活星球的846个陆地生态区的描述。在https://ecoregions2017.appspot.com/ 或在Earth Engine中查看风格化的地图。

生态区，最简单的定义，是区域范围的生态系统。具体来说，生态区代表了生物多样性的独特组合--所有分类群，而不仅仅是植被--其边界包括维持生态过程所需的空间。生态区为保护规划提供了一个有用的基图，特别是由于它们利用了自然而非政治的边界，在生物群落内定义了独特的生物地理组合和生态栖息地，并有助于代表地球的生物多样性。

这个数据集是基于生物地理学的最新进展--关于植物和动物分布的科学。原始的生态区数据集自2001年推出以来被广泛使用，为生态学家对全球气候变化对自然的影响的最新分析提供了基础，也为世界甲虫的分布提供了现代保护规划。

846个陆地生态区被分为14个生物群落和8个领域。其中6个生物群落为森林生物群落，其余8个为非森林生物群落。对于森林生物群落，生态区（Dinerstein等，2017）和保护区（UNEP-WCMC 2016）的地理边界与2000至2015年的全球森林变化数据（Hansen等，2013）相交，以计算保护区内生境的百分比和保护区外剩余生境的百分比。同样，非森林生态区和保护区的边界（UNEP-WCMC 2016）与2000年的人为生物群落数据（Anthromes v2）（Ellis等人，2010）相交，以确定保护区内外的剩余生境。每个生态区都有一个独特的ID、面积（平方度）和NNH（自然需求的一半）类别1-4。NNH类别是基于保护区内生境的百分比和保护区外剩余生境的百分比。

半数受保护。超过50%的生态区总面积已被保护。

自然可以达到一半。不到50%的生态区总面积受到保护，但如果新的保护区加入系统，剩余的未受保护的自然栖息地数量可以使保护达到50%以上。

自然可以恢复。剩余的受保护和未受保护的自然生境的数量低于50%，但超过20%。这个类别的生态区需要恢复才能达到一半的保护。

自然受到破坏。剩余的受保护和未受保护的自然生境的数量小于或等于20%。实现一半保护在短期内是不可能的，努力的重点应该是保护剩余的、原生的生境碎片。

更新后的《2017年生态区》是关于每个陆地生态区剩余生境的最新数据集（截至2018年2月）。它的发布是为了描绘实现 "自然需要一半 "这一远景目标的进展，即保护地球上一半的土地以拯救一个活生生的陆地生物圈。

注意 - 一些生态区是非常复杂的多边形，有超过一百万个顶点，如岩石和冰。这些生态区在必要时被分割，像Eco_ID这样的属性被保留下来。如果你想看到所有被分割的生态区，请运行这个脚本。

Dataset Availability

2017-04-05T00:00:00 - 2017-04-05T00:00:00

Dataset Provider

RESOLVE Biodiversity and Wildlife Solutions

Collection Snippet

ee.FeatureCollection("RESOLVE/ECOREGIONS/2017")

波段信息：

数据引用：

Bioscience, An Ecoregions-Based Approach to Protecting Half the Terrestrial Realm

代码：

var ecoRegions = ee.FeatureCollection("RESOLVE/ECOREGIONS/2017");
// 补丁更新的颜色
var colorUpdates = [
{ECO_ID: 204, COLOR: '#B3493B'},
{ECO_ID: 245, COLOR: '#267400'},
{ECO_ID: 259, COLOR: '#004600'},
{ECO_ID: 286, COLOR: '#82F178'},
{ECO_ID: 316, COLOR: '#E600AA'},
{ECO_ID: 453, COLOR: '#5AA500'},
{ECO_ID: 317, COLOR: '#FDA87F'},
{ECO_ID: 763, COLOR: '#A93800'},
];
// 循环所有其他特征，并创建一个新的样式属性，以便稍后进行上色。
var ecoRegions = ecoRegions.map(function(f) {
  var color = f.get('COLOR');
  return f.set({style: {color: color, width: 0}});
});
//为我们需要更新颜色的区域制作风格化的特征。
// 然后把它们从主资产中剥离出来，合并到新的特征中。
for (var i=0; i < colorUpdates.length; i++) {
  colorUpdates[i].layer = ecoRegions
      .filterMetadata('ECO_ID','equals',colorUpdates[i].ECO_ID)
      .map(function(f) {
        return f.set({style: {color: colorUpdates[i].COLOR, width: 0}});
      });
  ecoRegions = ecoRegions
      .filterMetadata('ECO_ID','not_equals',colorUpdates[i].ECO_ID)
      .merge(colorUpdates[i].layer);
}
// 使用样式属性为形状着色
var imageRGB = ecoRegions.style({styleProperty: 'style'});
Map.setCenter(16, 49, 4);
Map.addLayer(imageRGB, {}, 'RESOLVE/ECOREGIONS/2017');