/*
* Copyright (c) 1996, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*/
/*
* Portions Copyright IBM Corporation, 2001. All Rights Reserved.
*/
package java.math;
import java.util.Arrays;
import static java.math.BigInteger.LONG_MASK;
/**
* Immutable, arbitrary-precision signed decimal numbers. A
* {@code BigDecimal} consists of an arbitrary precision integer
* <i>unscaled value</i> and a 32-bit integer <i>scale</i>. If zero
* or positive, the scale is the number of digits to the right of the
* decimal point. If negative, the unscaled value of the number is
* multiplied by ten to the power of the negation of the scale. The
* value of the number represented by the {@code BigDecimal} is
* therefore <tt>(unscaledValue × 10<sup>-scale</sup>)</tt>.
*
* <p>The {@code BigDecimal} class provides operations for
* arithmetic, scale manipulation, rounding, comparison, hashing, and
* format conversion. The {@link #toString} method provides a
* canonical representation of a {@code BigDecimal}.
*
* <p>The {@code BigDecimal} class gives its user complete control
* over rounding behavior. If no rounding mode is specified and the
* exact result cannot be represented, an exception is thrown;
* otherwise, calculations can be carried out to a chosen precision
* and rounding mode by supplying an appropriate {@link MathContext}
* object to the operation. In either case, eight <em>rounding
* modes</em> are provided for the control of rounding. Using the
* integer fields in this class (such as {@link #ROUND_HALF_UP}) to
* represent rounding mode is largely obsolete; the enumeration values
* of the {@code RoundingMode} {@code enum}, (such as {@link
* RoundingMode#HALF_UP}) should be used instead.
*
* <p>When a {@code MathContext} object is supplied with a precision
* setting of 0 (for example, {@link MathContext#UNLIMITED}),
* arithmetic operations are exact, as are the arithmetic methods
* which take no {@code MathContext} object. (This is the only
* behavior that was supported in releases prior to 5.) As a
* corollary of computing the exact result, the rounding mode setting
* of a {@code MathContext} object with a precision setting of 0 is
* not used and thus irrelevant. In the case of divide, the exact
* quotient could have an infinitely long decimal expansion; for
* example, 1 divided by 3. If the quotient has a nonterminating
* decimal expansion and the operation is specified to return an exact
* result, an {@code ArithmeticException} is thrown. Otherwise, the
* exact result of the division is returned, as done for other
* operations.
*
* <p>When the precision setting is not 0, the rules of
* {@code BigDecimal} arithmetic are broadly compatible with selected
* modes of operation of the arithmetic defined in ANSI X3.274-1996
* and ANSI X3.274-1996/AM 1-2000 (section 7.4). Unlike those
* standards, {@code BigDecimal} includes many rounding modes, which
* were mandatory for division in {@code BigDecimal} releases prior
* to 5. Any conflicts between these ANSI standards and the
* {@code BigDecimal} specification are resolved in favor of
* {@code BigDecimal}.
*
* <p>Since the same numerical value can have different
* representations (with different scales), the rules of arithmetic
* and rounding must specify both the numerical result and the scale
* used in the result's representation.
*
*
* <p>In general the rounding modes and precision setting determine
* how operations return results with a limited number of digits when
* the exact result has more digits (perhaps infinitely many in the
* case of division) than the number of digits returned.
*
* First, the
* total number of digits to return is specified by the
* {@code MathContext}'s {@code precision} setting; this determines
* the result's <i>precision</i>. The digit count starts from the
* leftmost nonzero digit of the exact result. The rounding mode
* determines how any discarded trailing digits affect the returned
* result.
*
* <p>For all arithmetic operators , the operation is carried out as
* though an exact intermediate result were first calculated and then
* rounded to the number of digits specified by the precision setting
* (if necessary), using the selected rounding mode. If the exact
* result is not returned, some digit positions of the exact result
* are discarded. When rounding increases the magnitude of the
* returned result, it is possible for a new digit position to be
* created by a carry propagating to a leading {@literal "9"} digit.
* For example, rounding the value 999.9 to three digits rounding up
* would be numerically equal to one thousand, represented as
* 100×10<sup>1</sup>. In such cases, the new {@literal "1"} is
* the leading digit position of the returned result.
*
* <p>Besides a logical exact result, each arithmetic operation has a
* preferred scale for representing a result. The preferred
* scale for each operation is listed in the table below.
*
* <table border>
* <caption><b>Preferred Scales for Results of Arithmetic Operations
* </b></caption>
* <tr><th>Operation</th><th>Preferred Scale of Result</th></tr>
* <tr><td>Add</td><td>max(addend.scale(), augend.scale())</td>
* <tr><td>Subtract</td><td>max(minuend.scale(), subtrahend.scale())</td>
* <tr><td>Multiply</td><td>multiplier.scale() + multiplicand.scale()</td>
* <tr><td>Divide</td><td>dividend.scale() - divisor.scale()</td>
* </table>
*
* These scales are the ones used by the methods which return exact
* arithmetic results; except that an exact divide may have to use a
* larger scale since the exact result may have more digits. For
* example, {@code 1/32} is {@code 0.03125}.
*
* <p>Before rounding, the scale of the logical exact intermediate
* result is the preferred scale for that operation. If the exact
* numerical result cannot be represented in {@code precision}
* digits, rounding selects the set of digits to return and the scale
* of the result is reduced from the scale of the intermediate result
* to the least scale which can represent the {@code precision}
* digits actually returned. If the exact result can be represented
* with at most {@code precision} digits, the representation
* of the result with the scale closest to the preferred scale is
* returned. In particular, an exactly representable quotient may be
* represented in fewer than {@code precision} digits by removing
* trailing zeros and decreasing the scale. For example, rounding to
* three digits using the {@linkplain RoundingMode#FLOOR floor}
* rounding mode, <br>
*
* {@code 19/100 = 0.19 // integer=19, scale=2} <br>
*
* but<br>
*
* {@code 21/110 = 0.190 // integer=190, scale=3} <br>
*
* <p>Note that for add, subtract, and multiply, the reduction in
* scale will equal the number of digit positions of the exact result
* which are discarded. If the rounding causes a carry propagation to
* create a new high-order digit position, an additional digit of the
* result is discarded than when no new digit position is created.
*
* <p>Other methods may have slightly different rounding semantics.
* For example, the result of the {@code pow} method using the
* {@linkplain #pow(int, MathContext) specified algorithm} can
* occasionally differ from the rounded mathematical result by more
* than one unit in the last place, one <i>{@linkplain #ulp() ulp}</i>.
*
* <p>Two types of operations are provided for manipulating the scale
* of a {@code BigDecimal}: scaling/rounding operations and decimal
* point motion operations. Scaling/rounding operations ({@link
* #setScale setScale} and {@link #round round}) return a
* {@code BigDecimal} whose value is approximately (or exactly) equal
* to that of the operand, but whose scale or precision is the
* specified value; that is, they increase or decrease the precision
* of the stored number with minimal effect on its value. Decimal
* point motion operations ({@link #movePointLeft movePointLeft} and
* {@link #movePointRight movePointRight}) return a
* {@code BigDecimal} created from the operand by moving the decimal
* point a specified distance in the specified direction.
*
* <p>For the sake of brevity and clarity, pseudo-code is used
* throughout the descriptions of {@code BigDecimal} methods. The
* pseudo-code expression {@code (i + j)} is shorthand for "a
* {@code BigDecimal} whose value is that of the {@code BigDecimal}
* {@code i} added to that of the {@code BigDecimal}
* {@code j}." The pseudo-code expression {@code (i == j)} is
* shorthand for "{@code true} if and only if the
* {@code BigDecimal} {@code i} represents the same value as the
* {@code BigDecimal} {@code j}." Other pseudo-code expressions
* are interpreted similarly. Square brackets are used to represent
* the particular {@code BigInteger} and scale pair defining a
* {@code BigDecimal} value; for example [19, 2] is the
* {@code BigDecimal} numerically equal to 0.19 having a scale of 2.
*
* <p>Note: care should be exercised if {@code BigDecimal} objects
* are used as keys in a {@link java.util.SortedMap SortedMap} or
* elements in a {@link java.util.SortedSet SortedSet} since
* {@code BigDecimal}'s <i>natural ordering</i> is <i>inconsistent
* with equals</i>. See {@link Comparable}, {@link
* java.util.SortedMap} or {@link java.util.SortedSet} for more
* information.
*
* <p>All methods and constructors for this class throw
* {@code NullPointerException} when passed a {@code null} object
* reference for any input parameter.
*
* @see BigInteger
* @see MathContext
* @see RoundingMode
* @see java.util.SortedMap
* @see java.util.SortedSet
* @author Josh Bloch
* @author Mike Cowlishaw
* @author Joseph D. Darcy
*/
public class BigDecimal extends Number implements Comparable<BigDecimal> {
/**
* The unscaled value of this BigDecimal, as returned by {@link
* #unscaledValue}.
*
* @serial
* @see #unscaledValue
*/
private volatile BigInteger intVal;
/**
* The scale of this BigDecimal, as returned by {@link #scale}.
*
* @serial
* @see #scale
*/
private int scale; // Note: this may have any value, so
// calculations must be done in longs
/**
* The number of decimal digits in this BigDecimal, or 0 if the
* number of digits are not known (lookaside information). If
* nonzero, the value is guaranteed correct. Use the precision()
* method to obtain and set the value if it might be 0. This
* field is mutable until set nonzero.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
private transient int precision;
/**
* Used to store the canonical string representation, if computed.
*/
private transient String stringCache;
/**
* Sentinel value for {@link #intCompact} indicating the
* significand information is only available from {@code intVal}.
*/
static final long INFLATED = Long.MIN_VALUE;
/**
* If the absolute value of the significand of this BigDecimal is
* less than or equal to {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}, the value can be
* compactly stored in this field and used in computations.
*/
private transient long intCompact;
// All 18-digit base ten strings fit into a long; not all 19-digit
// strings will
private static final int MAX_COMPACT_DIGITS = 18;
private static final int MAX_BIGINT_BITS = 62;
/* Appease the serialization gods */
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6108874887143696463L;
private static final ThreadLocal<StringBuilderHelper>
threadLocalStringBuilderHelper = new ThreadLocal<StringBuilderHelper>() {
@Override
protected StringBuilderHelper initialValue() {
return new StringBuilderHelper();
}
};
// Cache of common small BigDecimal values.
private static final BigDecimal zeroThroughTen[] = {
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 0, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ONE, 1, 0, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(2), 2, 0, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(3), 3, 0, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(4), 4, 0, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(5), 5, 0, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(6), 6, 0, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(7), 7, 0, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(8), 8, 0, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(9), 9, 0, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.TEN, 10, 0, 2),
};
// Cache of zero scaled by 0 - 15
private static final BigDecimal[] ZERO_SCALED_BY = {
zeroThroughTen[0],
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 1, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 2, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 3, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 4, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 5, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 6, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 7, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 8, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 9, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 10, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 11, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 12, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 13, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 14, 1),
new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, 15, 1),
};
// Half of Long.MIN_VALUE & Long.MAX_VALUE.
private static final long HALF_LONG_MAX_VALUE = Long.MAX_VALUE / 2;
private static final long HALF_LONG_MIN_VALUE = Long.MIN_VALUE / 2;
// Constants
/**
* The value 0, with a scale of 0.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public static final BigDecimal ZERO =
zeroThroughTen[0];
/**
* The value 1, with a scale of 0.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public static final BigDecimal ONE =
zeroThroughTen[1];
/**
* The value 10, with a scale of 0.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public static final BigDecimal TEN =
zeroThroughTen[10];
// Constructors
/**
* Trusted package private constructor.
* Trusted simply means if val is INFLATED, intVal could not be null and
* if intVal is null, val could not be INFLATED.
*/
BigDecimal(BigInteger intVal, long val, int scale, int prec) {
this.scale = scale;
this.precision = prec;
this.intCompact = val;
this.intVal = intVal;
}
/**
* Translates a character array representation of a
* {@code BigDecimal} into a {@code BigDecimal}, accepting the
* same sequence of characters as the {@link #BigDecimal(String)}
* constructor, while allowing a sub-array to be specified.
*
* <p>Note that if the sequence of characters is already available
* within a character array, using this constructor is faster than
* converting the {@code char} array to string and using the
* {@code BigDecimal(String)} constructor .
*
* @param in {@code char} array that is the source of characters.
* @param offset first character in the array to inspect.
* @param len number of characters to consider.
* @throws NumberFormatException if {@code in} is not a valid
* representation of a {@code BigDecimal} or the defined subarray
* is not wholly within {@code in}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(char[] in, int offset, int len) {
// protect against huge length.
if (offset+len > in.length || offset < 0)
throw new NumberFormatException();
// This is the primary string to BigDecimal constructor; all
// incoming strings end up here; it uses explicit (inline)
// parsing for speed and generates at most one intermediate
// (temporary) object (a char[] array) for non-compact case.
// Use locals for all fields values until completion
int prec = 0; // record precision value
int scl = 0; // record scale value
long rs = 0; // the compact value in long
BigInteger rb = null; // the inflated value in BigInteger
// use array bounds checking to handle too-long, len == 0,
// bad offset, etc.
try {
// handle the sign
boolean isneg = false; // assume positive
if (in[offset] == '-') {
isneg = true; // leading minus means negative
offset++;
len--;
} else if (in[offset] == '+') { // leading + allowed
offset++;
len--;
}
// should now be at numeric part of the significand
boolean dot = false; // true when there is a '.'
int cfirst = offset; // record start of integer
long exp = 0; // exponent
char c; // current character
boolean isCompact = (len <= MAX_COMPACT_DIGITS);
// integer significand array & idx is the index to it. The array
// is ONLY used when we can't use a compact representation.
char coeff[] = isCompact ? null : new char[len];
int idx = 0;
for (; len > 0; offset++, len--) {
c = in[offset];
// have digit
if ((c >= '0' && c <= '9') || Character.isDigit(c)) {
// First compact case, we need not to preserve the character
// and we can just compute the value in place.
if (isCompact) {
int digit = Character.digit(c, 10);
if (digit == 0) {
if (prec == 0)
prec = 1;
else if (rs != 0) {
rs *= 10;
++prec;
} // else digit is a redundant leading zero
} else {
if (prec != 1 || rs != 0)
++prec; // prec unchanged if preceded by 0s
rs = rs * 10 + digit;
}
} else { // the unscaled value is likely a BigInteger object.
if (c == '0' || Character.digit(c, 10) == 0) {
if (prec == 0) {
coeff[idx] = c;
prec = 1;
} else if (idx != 0) {
coeff[idx++] = c;
++prec;
} // else c must be a redundant leading zero
} else {
if (prec != 1 || idx != 0)
++prec; // prec unchanged if preceded by 0s
coeff[idx++] = c;
}
}
if (dot)
++scl;
continue;
}
// have dot
if (c == '.') {
// have dot
if (dot) // two dots
throw new NumberFormatException();
dot = true;
continue;
}
// exponent expected
if ((c != 'e') && (c != 'E'))
throw new NumberFormatException();
offset++;
c = in[offset];
len--;
boolean negexp = (c == '-');
// optional sign
if (negexp || c == '+') {
offset++;
c = in[offset];
len--;
}
if (len <= 0) // no exponent digits
throw new NumberFormatException();
// skip leading zeros in the exponent
while (len > 10 && Character.digit(c, 10) == 0) {
offset++;
c = in[offset];
len--;
}
if (len > 10) // too many nonzero exponent digits
throw new NumberFormatException();
// c now holds first digit of exponent
for (;; len--) {
int v;
if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') {
v = c - '0';
} else {
v = Character.digit(c, 10);
if (v < 0) // not a digit
throw new NumberFormatException();
}
exp = exp * 10 + v;
if (len == 1)
break; // that was final character
offset++;
c = in[offset];
}
if (negexp) // apply sign
exp = -exp;
// Next test is required for backwards compatibility
if ((int)exp != exp) // overflow
throw new NumberFormatException();
break; // [saves a test]
}
// here when no characters left
if (prec == 0) // no digits found
throw new NumberFormatException();
// Adjust scale if exp is not zero.
if (exp != 0) { // had significant exponent
// Can't call checkScale which relies on proper fields value
long adjustedScale = scl - exp;
if (adjustedScale > Integer.MAX_VALUE ||
adjustedScale < Integer.MIN_VALUE)
throw new NumberFormatException("Scale out of range.");
scl = (int)adjustedScale;
}
// Remove leading zeros from precision (digits count)
if (isCompact) {
rs = isneg ? -rs : rs;
} else {
char quick[];
if (!isneg) {
quick = (coeff.length != prec) ?
Arrays.copyOf(coeff, prec) : coeff;
} else {
quick = new char[prec + 1];
quick[0] = '-';
System.arraycopy(coeff, 0, quick, 1, prec);
}
rb = new BigInteger(quick);
rs = compactValFor(rb);
}
} catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
throw new NumberFormatException();
} catch (NegativeArraySizeException e) {
throw new NumberFormatException();
}
this.scale = scl;
this.precision = prec;
this.intCompact = rs;
this.intVal = (rs != INFLATED) ? null : rb;
}
/**
* Translates a character array representation of a
* {@code BigDecimal} into a {@code BigDecimal}, accepting the
* same sequence of characters as the {@link #BigDecimal(String)}
* constructor, while allowing a sub-array to be specified and
* with rounding according to the context settings.
*
* <p>Note that if the sequence of characters is already available
* within a character array, using this constructor is faster than
* converting the {@code char} array to string and using the
* {@code BigDecimal(String)} constructor .
*
* @param in {@code char} array that is the source of characters.
* @param offset first character in the array to inspect.
* @param len number of characters to consider..
* @param mc the context to use.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @throws NumberFormatException if {@code in} is not a valid
* representation of a {@code BigDecimal} or the defined subarray
* is not wholly within {@code in}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(char[] in, int offset, int len, MathContext mc) {
this(in, offset, len);
if (mc.precision > 0)
roundThis(mc);
}
/**
* Translates a character array representation of a
* {@code BigDecimal} into a {@code BigDecimal}, accepting the
* same sequence of characters as the {@link #BigDecimal(String)}
* constructor.
*
* <p>Note that if the sequence of characters is already available
* as a character array, using this constructor is faster than
* converting the {@code char} array to string and using the
* {@code BigDecimal(String)} constructor .
*
* @param in {@code char} array that is the source of characters.
* @throws NumberFormatException if {@code in} is not a valid
* representation of a {@code BigDecimal}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(char[] in) {
this(in, 0, in.length);
}
/**
* Translates a character array representation of a
* {@code BigDecimal} into a {@code BigDecimal}, accepting the
* same sequence of characters as the {@link #BigDecimal(String)}
* constructor and with rounding according to the context
* settings.
*
* <p>Note that if the sequence of characters is already available
* as a character array, using this constructor is faster than
* converting the {@code char} array to string and using the
* {@code BigDecimal(String)} constructor .
*
* @param in {@code char} array that is the source of characters.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @throws NumberFormatException if {@code in} is not a valid
* representation of a {@code BigDecimal}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(char[] in, MathContext mc) {
this(in, 0, in.length, mc);
}
/**
* Translates the string representation of a {@code BigDecimal}
* into a {@code BigDecimal}. The string representation consists
* of an optional sign, {@code '+'} (<tt> '\u002B'</tt>) or
* {@code '-'} (<tt>'\u002D'</tt>), followed by a sequence of
* zero or more decimal digits ("the integer"), optionally
* followed by a fraction, optionally followed by an exponent.
*
* <p>The fraction consists of a decimal point followed by zero
* or more decimal digits. The string must contain at least one
* digit in either the integer or the fraction. The number formed
* by the sign, the integer and the fraction is referred to as the
* <i>significand</i>.
*
* <p>The exponent consists of the character {@code 'e'}
* (<tt>'\u0065'</tt>) or {@code 'E'} (<tt>'\u0045'</tt>)
* followed by one or more decimal digits. The value of the
* exponent must lie between -{@link Integer#MAX_VALUE} ({@link
* Integer#MIN_VALUE}+1) and {@link Integer#MAX_VALUE}, inclusive.
*
* <p>More formally, the strings this constructor accepts are
* described by the following grammar:
* <blockquote>
* <dl>
* <dt><i>BigDecimalString:</i>
* <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub> Significand Exponent<sub>opt</sub></i>
* <p>
* <dt><i>Sign:</i>
* <dd>{@code +}
* <dd>{@code -}
* <p>
* <dt><i>Significand:</i>
* <dd><i>IntegerPart</i> {@code .} <i>FractionPart<sub>opt</sub></i>
* <dd>{@code .} <i>FractionPart</i>
* <dd><i>IntegerPart</i>
* <p>
* <dt><i>IntegerPart:</i>
* <dd><i>Digits</i>
* <p>
* <dt><i>FractionPart:</i>
* <dd><i>Digits</i>
* <p>
* <dt><i>Exponent:</i>
* <dd><i>ExponentIndicator SignedInteger</i>
* <p>
* <dt><i>ExponentIndicator:</i>
* <dd>{@code e}
* <dd>{@code E}
* <p>
* <dt><i>SignedInteger:</i>
* <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub> Digits</i>
* <p>
* <dt><i>Digits:</i>
* <dd><i>Digit</i>
* <dd><i>Digits Digit</i>
* <p>
* <dt><i>Digit:</i>
* <dd>any character for which {@link Character#isDigit}
* returns {@code true}, including 0, 1, 2 ...
* </dl>
* </blockquote>
*
* <p>The scale of the returned {@code BigDecimal} will be the
* number of digits in the fraction, or zero if the string
* contains no decimal point, subject to adjustment for any
* exponent; if the string contains an exponent, the exponent is
* subtracted from the scale. The value of the resulting scale
* must lie between {@code Integer.MIN_VALUE} and
* {@code Integer.MAX_VALUE}, inclusive.
*
* <p>The character-to-digit mapping is provided by {@link
* java.lang.Character#digit} set to convert to radix 10. The
* String may not contain any extraneous characters (whitespace,
* for example).
*
* <p><b>Examples:</b><br>
* The value of the returned {@code BigDecimal} is equal to
* <i>significand</i> × 10<sup> <i>exponent</i></sup>.
* For each string on the left, the resulting representation
* [{@code BigInteger}, {@code scale}] is shown on the right.
* <pre>
* "0" [0,0]
* "0.00" [0,2]
* "123" [123,0]
* "-123" [-123,0]
* "1.23E3" [123,-1]
* "1.23E+3" [123,-1]
* "12.3E+7" [123,-6]
* "12.0" [120,1]
* "12.3" [123,1]
* "0.00123" [123,5]
* "-1.23E-12" [-123,14]
* "1234.5E-4" [12345,5]
* "0E+7" [0,-7]
* "-0" [0,0]
* </pre>
*
* <p>Note: For values other than {@code float} and
* {@code double} NaN and ±Infinity, this constructor is
* compatible with the values returned by {@link Float#toString}
* and {@link Double#toString}. This is generally the preferred
* way to convert a {@code float} or {@code double} into a
* BigDecimal, as it doesn't suffer from the unpredictability of
* the {@link #BigDecimal(double)} constructor.
*
* @param val String representation of {@code BigDecimal}.
*
* @throws NumberFormatException if {@code val} is not a valid
* representation of a {@code BigDecimal}.
*/
public BigDecimal(String val) {
this(val.toCharArray(), 0, val.length());
}
/**
* Translates the string representation of a {@code BigDecimal}
* into a {@code BigDecimal}, accepting the same strings as the
* {@link #BigDecimal(String)} constructor, with rounding
* according to the context settings.
*
* @param val string representation of a {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @throws NumberFormatException if {@code val} is not a valid
* representation of a BigDecimal.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(String val, MathContext mc) {
this(val.toCharArray(), 0, val.length());
if (mc.precision > 0)
roundThis(mc);
}
/**
* Translates a {@code double} into a {@code BigDecimal} which
* is the exact decimal representation of the {@code double}'s
* binary floating-point value. The scale of the returned
* {@code BigDecimal} is the smallest value such that
* <tt>(10<sup>scale</sup> × val)</tt> is an integer.
* <p>
* <b>Notes:</b>
* <ol>
* <li>
* The results of this constructor can be somewhat unpredictable.
* One might assume that writing {@code new BigDecimal(0.1)} in
* Java creates a {@code BigDecimal} which is exactly equal to
* 0.1 (an unscaled value of 1, with a scale of 1), but it is
* actually equal to
* 0.1000000000000000055511151231257827021181583404541015625.
* This is because 0.1 cannot be represented exactly as a
* {@code double} (or, for that matter, as a binary fraction of
* any finite length). Thus, the value that is being passed
* <i>in</i> to the constructor is not exactly equal to 0.1,
* appearances notwithstanding.
*
* <li>
* The {@code String} constructor, on the other hand, is
* perfectly predictable: writing {@code new BigDecimal("0.1")}
* creates a {@code BigDecimal} which is <i>exactly</i> equal to
* 0.1, as one would expect. Therefore, it is generally
* recommended that the {@linkplain #BigDecimal(String)
* <tt>String</tt> constructor} be used in preference to this one.
*
* <li>
* When a {@code double} must be used as a source for a
* {@code BigDecimal}, note that this constructor provides an
* exact conversion; it does not give the same result as
* converting the {@code double} to a {@code String} using the
* {@link Double#toString(double)} method and then using the
* {@link #BigDecimal(String)} constructor. To get that result,
* use the {@code static} {@link #valueOf(double)} method.
* </ol>
*
* @param val {@code double} value to be converted to
* {@code BigDecimal}.
* @throws NumberFormatException if {@code val} is infinite or NaN.
*/
public BigDecimal(double val) {
if (Double.isInfinite(val) || Double.isNaN(val))
throw new NumberFormatException("Infinite or NaN");
// Translate the double into sign, exponent and significand, according
// to the formulae in JLS, Section 20.10.22.
long valBits = Double.doubleToLongBits(val);
int sign = ((valBits >> 63)==0 ? 1 : -1);
int exponent = (int) ((valBits >> 52) & 0x7ffL);
long significand = (exponent==0 ? (valBits & ((1L<<52) - 1)) << 1
: (valBits & ((1L<<52) - 1)) | (1L<<52));
exponent -= 1075;
// At this point, val == sign * significand * 2**exponent.
/*
* Special case zero to supress nonterminating normalization
* and bogus scale calculation.
*/
if (significand == 0) {
intVal = BigInteger.ZERO;
intCompact = 0;
precision = 1;
return;
}
// Normalize
while((significand & 1) == 0) { // i.e., significand is even
significand >>= 1;
exponent++;
}
// Calculate intVal and scale
long s = sign * significand;
BigInteger b;
if (exponent < 0) {
b = BigInteger.valueOf(5).pow(-exponent).multiply(s);
scale = -exponent;
} else if (exponent > 0) {
b = BigInteger.valueOf(2).pow(exponent).multiply(s);
} else {
b = BigInteger.valueOf(s);
}
intCompact = compactValFor(b);
intVal = (intCompact != INFLATED) ? null : b;
}
/**
* Translates a {@code double} into a {@code BigDecimal}, with
* rounding according to the context settings. The scale of the
* {@code BigDecimal} is the smallest value such that
* <tt>(10<sup>scale</sup> × val)</tt> is an integer.
*
* <p>The results of this constructor can be somewhat unpredictable
* and its use is generally not recommended; see the notes under
* the {@link #BigDecimal(double)} constructor.
*
* @param val {@code double} value to be converted to
* {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* RoundingMode is UNNECESSARY.
* @throws NumberFormatException if {@code val} is infinite or NaN.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(double val, MathContext mc) {
this(val);
if (mc.precision > 0)
roundThis(mc);
}
/**
* Translates a {@code BigInteger} into a {@code BigDecimal}.
* The scale of the {@code BigDecimal} is zero.
*
* @param val {@code BigInteger} value to be converted to
* {@code BigDecimal}.
*/
public BigDecimal(BigInteger val) {
intCompact = compactValFor(val);
intVal = (intCompact != INFLATED) ? null : val;
}
/**
* Translates a {@code BigInteger} into a {@code BigDecimal}
* rounding according to the context settings. The scale of the
* {@code BigDecimal} is zero.
*
* @param val {@code BigInteger} value to be converted to
* {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(BigInteger val, MathContext mc) {
this(val);
if (mc.precision > 0)
roundThis(mc);
}
/**
* Translates a {@code BigInteger} unscaled value and an
* {@code int} scale into a {@code BigDecimal}. The value of
* the {@code BigDecimal} is
* <tt>(unscaledVal × 10<sup>-scale</sup>)</tt>.
*
* @param unscaledVal unscaled value of the {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param scale scale of the {@code BigDecimal}.
*/
public BigDecimal(BigInteger unscaledVal, int scale) {
// Negative scales are now allowed
this(unscaledVal);
this.scale = scale;
}
/**
* Translates a {@code BigInteger} unscaled value and an
* {@code int} scale into a {@code BigDecimal}, with rounding
* according to the context settings. The value of the
* {@code BigDecimal} is <tt>(unscaledVal ×
* 10<sup>-scale</sup>)</tt>, rounded according to the
* {@code precision} and rounding mode settings.
*
* @param unscaledVal unscaled value of the {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param scale scale of the {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(BigInteger unscaledVal, int scale, MathContext mc) {
this(unscaledVal);
this.scale = scale;
if (mc.precision > 0)
roundThis(mc);
}
/**
* Translates an {@code int} into a {@code BigDecimal}. The
* scale of the {@code BigDecimal} is zero.
*
* @param val {@code int} value to be converted to
* {@code BigDecimal}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(int val) {
intCompact = val;
}
/**
* Translates an {@code int} into a {@code BigDecimal}, with
* rounding according to the context settings. The scale of the
* {@code BigDecimal}, before any rounding, is zero.
*
* @param val {@code int} value to be converted to {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(int val, MathContext mc) {
intCompact = val;
if (mc.precision > 0)
roundThis(mc);
}
/**
* Translates a {@code long} into a {@code BigDecimal}. The
* scale of the {@code BigDecimal} is zero.
*
* @param val {@code long} value to be converted to {@code BigDecimal}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(long val) {
this.intCompact = val;
this.intVal = (val == INFLATED) ? BigInteger.valueOf(val) : null;
}
/**
* Translates a {@code long} into a {@code BigDecimal}, with
* rounding according to the context settings. The scale of the
* {@code BigDecimal}, before any rounding, is zero.
*
* @param val {@code long} value to be converted to {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal(long val, MathContext mc) {
this(val);
if (mc.precision > 0)
roundThis(mc);
}
// Static Factory Methods
/**
* Translates a {@code long} unscaled value and an
* {@code int} scale into a {@code BigDecimal}. This
* {@literal "static factory method"} is provided in preference to
* a ({@code long}, {@code int}) constructor because it
* allows for reuse of frequently used {@code BigDecimal} values..
*
* @param unscaledVal unscaled value of the {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param scale scale of the {@code BigDecimal}.
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is
* <tt>(unscaledVal × 10<sup>-scale</sup>)</tt>.
*/
public static BigDecimal valueOf(long unscaledVal, int scale) {
if (scale == 0)
return valueOf(unscaledVal);
else if (unscaledVal == 0) {
if (scale > 0 && scale < ZERO_SCALED_BY.length)
return ZERO_SCALED_BY[scale];
else
return new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, scale, 1);
}
return new BigDecimal(unscaledVal == INFLATED ?
BigInteger.valueOf(unscaledVal) : null,
unscaledVal, scale, 0);
}
/**
* Translates a {@code long} value into a {@code BigDecimal}
* with a scale of zero. This {@literal "static factory method"}
* is provided in preference to a ({@code long}) constructor
* because it allows for reuse of frequently used
* {@code BigDecimal} values.
*
* @param val value of the {@code BigDecimal}.
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code val}.
*/
public static BigDecimal valueOf(long val) {
if (val >= 0 && val < zeroThroughTen.length)
return zeroThroughTen[(int)val];
else if (val != INFLATED)
return new BigDecimal(null, val, 0, 0);
return new BigDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(val), val, 0, 0);
}
/**
* Translates a {@code double} into a {@code BigDecimal}, using
* the {@code double}'s canonical string representation provided
* by the {@link Double#toString(double)} method.
*
* <p><b>Note:</b> This is generally the preferred way to convert
* a {@code double} (or {@code float}) into a
* {@code BigDecimal}, as the value returned is equal to that
* resulting from constructing a {@code BigDecimal} from the
* result of using {@link Double#toString(double)}.
*
* @param val {@code double} to convert to a {@code BigDecimal}.
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is equal to or approximately
* equal to the value of {@code val}.
* @throws NumberFormatException if {@code val} is infinite or NaN.
* @since 1.5
*/
public static BigDecimal valueOf(double val) {
// Reminder: a zero double returns '0.0', so we cannot fastpath
// to use the constant ZERO. This might be important enough to
// justify a factory approach, a cache, or a few private
// constants, later.
return new BigDecimal(Double.toString(val));
}
// Arithmetic Operations
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this +
* augend)}, and whose scale is {@code max(this.scale(),
* augend.scale())}.
*
* @param augend value to be added to this {@code BigDecimal}.
* @return {@code this + augend}
*/
public BigDecimal add(BigDecimal augend) {
long xs = this.intCompact;
long ys = augend.intCompact;
BigInteger fst = (xs != INFLATED) ? null : this.intVal;
BigInteger snd = (ys != INFLATED) ? null : augend.intVal;
int rscale = this.scale;
long sdiff = (long)rscale - augend.scale;
if (sdiff != 0) {
if (sdiff < 0) {
int raise = checkScale(-sdiff);
rscale = augend.scale;
if (xs == INFLATED ||
(xs = longMultiplyPowerTen(xs, raise)) == INFLATED)
fst = bigMultiplyPowerTen(raise);
} else {
int raise = augend.checkScale(sdiff);
if (ys == INFLATED ||
(ys = longMultiplyPowerTen(ys, raise)) == INFLATED)
snd = augend.bigMultiplyPowerTen(raise);
}
}
if (xs != INFLATED && ys != INFLATED) {
long sum = xs + ys;
// See "Hacker's Delight" section 2-12 for explanation of
// the overflow test.
if ( (((sum ^ xs) & (sum ^ ys))) >= 0L) // not overflowed
return BigDecimal.valueOf(sum, rscale);
}
if (fst == null)
fst = BigInteger.valueOf(xs);
if (snd == null)
snd = BigInteger.valueOf(ys);
BigInteger sum = fst.add(snd);
return (fst.signum == snd.signum) ?
new BigDecimal(sum, INFLATED, rscale, 0) :
new BigDecimal(sum, rscale);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this + augend)},
* with rounding according to the context settings.
*
* If either number is zero and the precision setting is nonzero then
* the other number, rounded if necessary, is used as the result.
*
* @param augend value to be added to this {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return {@code this + augend}, rounded as necessary.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal add(BigDecimal augend, MathContext mc) {
if (mc.precision == 0)
return add(augend);
BigDecimal lhs = this;
// Could optimize if values are compact
this.inflate();
augend.inflate();
// If either number is zero then the other number, rounded and
// scaled if necessary, is used as the result.
{
boolean lhsIsZero = lhs.signum() == 0;
boolean augendIsZero = augend.signum() == 0;
if (lhsIsZero || augendIsZero) {
int preferredScale = Math.max(lhs.scale(), augend.scale());
BigDecimal result;
// Could use a factory for zero instead of a new object
if (lhsIsZero && augendIsZero)
return new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0, preferredScale, 0);
result = lhsIsZero ? doRound(augend, mc) : doRound(lhs, mc);
if (result.scale() == preferredScale)
return result;
else if (result.scale() > preferredScale) {
BigDecimal scaledResult =
new BigDecimal(result.intVal, result.intCompact,
result.scale, 0);
scaledResult.stripZerosToMatchScale(preferredScale);
return scaledResult;
} else { // result.scale < preferredScale
int precisionDiff = mc.precision - result.precision();
int scaleDiff = preferredScale - result.scale();
if (precisionDiff >= scaleDiff)
return result.setScale(preferredScale); // can achieve target scale
else
return result.setScale(result.scale() + precisionDiff);
}
}
}
long padding = (long)lhs.scale - augend.scale;
if (padding != 0) { // scales differ; alignment needed
BigDecimal arg[] = preAlign(lhs, augend, padding, mc);
matchScale(arg);
lhs = arg[0];
augend = arg[1];
}
BigDecimal d = new BigDecimal(lhs.inflate().add(augend.inflate()),
lhs.scale);
return doRound(d, mc);
}
/**
* Returns an array of length two, the sum of whose entries is
* equal to the rounded sum of the {@code BigDecimal} arguments.
*
* <p>If the digit positions of the arguments have a sufficient
* gap between them, the value smaller in magnitude can be
* condensed into a {@literal "sticky bit"} and the end result will
* round the same way <em>if</em> the precision of the final
* result does not include the high order digit of the small
* magnitude operand.
*
* <p>Note that while strictly speaking this is an optimization,
* it makes a much wider range of additions practical.
*
* <p>This corresponds to a pre-shift operation in a fixed
* precision floating-point adder; this method is complicated by
* variable precision of the result as determined by the
* MathContext. A more nuanced operation could implement a
* {@literal "right shift"} on the smaller magnitude operand so
* that the number of digits of the smaller operand could be
* reduced even though the significands partially overlapped.
*/
private BigDecimal[] preAlign(BigDecimal lhs, BigDecimal augend,
long padding, MathContext mc) {
assert padding != 0;
BigDecimal big;
BigDecimal small;
if (padding < 0) { // lhs is big; augend is small
big = lhs;
small = augend;
} else { // lhs is small; augend is big
big = augend;
small = lhs;
}
/*
* This is the estimated scale of an ulp of the result; it
* assumes that the result doesn't have a carry-out on a true
* add (e.g. 999 + 1 => 1000) or any subtractive cancellation
* on borrowing (e.g. 100 - 1.2 => 98.8)
*/
long estResultUlpScale = (long)big.scale - big.precision() + mc.precision;
/*
* The low-order digit position of big is big.scale(). This
* is true regardless of whether big has a positive or
* negative scale. The high-order digit position of small is
* small.scale - (small.precision() - 1). To do the full
* condensation, the digit positions of big and small must be
* disjoint *and* the digit positions of small should not be
* directly visible in the result.
*/
long smallHighDigitPos = (long)small.scale - small.precision() + 1;
if (smallHighDigitPos > big.scale + 2 && // big and small disjoint
smallHighDigitPos > estResultUlpScale + 2) { // small digits not visible
small = BigDecimal.valueOf(small.signum(),
this.checkScale(Math.max(big.scale, estResultUlpScale) + 3));
}
// Since addition is symmetric, preserving input order in
// returned operands doesn't matter
BigDecimal[] result = {big, small};
return result;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this -
* subtrahend)}, and whose scale is {@code max(this.scale(),
* subtrahend.scale())}.
*
* @param subtrahend value to be subtracted from this {@code BigDecimal}.
* @return {@code this - subtrahend}
*/
public BigDecimal subtract(BigDecimal subtrahend) {
return add(subtrahend.negate());
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this - subtrahend)},
* with rounding according to the context settings.
*
* If {@code subtrahend} is zero then this, rounded if necessary, is used as the
* result. If this is zero then the result is {@code subtrahend.negate(mc)}.
*
* @param subtrahend value to be subtracted from this {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return {@code this - subtrahend}, rounded as necessary.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal subtract(BigDecimal subtrahend, MathContext mc) {
BigDecimal nsubtrahend = subtrahend.negate();
if (mc.precision == 0)
return add(nsubtrahend);
// share the special rounding code in add()
return add(nsubtrahend, mc);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is <tt>(this ×
* multiplicand)</tt>, and whose scale is {@code (this.scale() +
* multiplicand.scale())}.
*
* @param multiplicand value to be multiplied by this {@code BigDecimal}.
* @return {@code this * multiplicand}
*/
public BigDecimal multiply(BigDecimal multiplicand) {
long x = this.intCompact;
long y = multiplicand.intCompact;
int productScale = checkScale((long)scale + multiplicand.scale);
// Might be able to do a more clever check incorporating the
// inflated check into the overflow computation.
if (x != INFLATED && y != INFLATED) {
/*
* If the product is not an overflowed value, continue
* to use the compact representation. if either of x or y
* is INFLATED, the product should also be regarded as
* an overflow. Before using the overflow test suggested in
* "Hacker's Delight" section 2-12, we perform quick checks
* using the precision information to see whether the overflow
* would occur since division is expensive on most CPUs.
*/
long product = x * y;
long prec = this.precision() + multiplicand.precision();
if (prec < 19 || (prec < 21 && (y == 0 || product / y == x)))
return BigDecimal.valueOf(product, productScale);
return new BigDecimal(BigInteger.valueOf(x).multiply(y), INFLATED,
productScale, 0);
}
BigInteger rb;
if (x == INFLATED && y == INFLATED)
rb = this.intVal.multiply(multiplicand.intVal);
else if (x != INFLATED)
rb = multiplicand.intVal.multiply(x);
else
rb = this.intVal.multiply(y);
return new BigDecimal(rb, INFLATED, productScale, 0);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is <tt>(this ×
* multiplicand)</tt>, with rounding according to the context settings.
*
* @param multiplicand value to be multiplied by this {@code BigDecimal}.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return {@code this * multiplicand}, rounded as necessary.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal multiply(BigDecimal multiplicand, MathContext mc) {
if (mc.precision == 0)
return multiply(multiplicand);
return doRound(this.multiply(multiplicand), mc);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this /
* divisor)}, and whose scale is as specified. If rounding must
* be performed to generate a result with the specified scale, the
* specified rounding mode is applied.
*
* <p>The new {@link #divide(BigDecimal, int, RoundingMode)} method
* should be used in preference to this legacy method.
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
* @param scale scale of the {@code BigDecimal} quotient to be returned.
* @param roundingMode rounding mode to apply.
* @return {@code this / divisor}
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code divisor} is zero,
* {@code roundingMode==ROUND_UNNECESSARY} and
* the specified scale is insufficient to represent the result
* of the division exactly.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code roundingMode} does not
* represent a valid rounding mode.
* @see #ROUND_UP
* @see #ROUND_DOWN
* @see #ROUND_CEILING
* @see #ROUND_FLOOR
* @see #ROUND_HALF_UP
* @see #ROUND_HALF_DOWN
* @see #ROUND_HALF_EVEN
* @see #ROUND_UNNECESSARY
*/
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor, int scale, int roundingMode) {
/*
* IMPLEMENTATION NOTE: This method *must* return a new object
* since divideAndRound uses divide to generate a value whose
* scale is then modified.
*/
if (roundingMode < ROUND_UP || roundingMode > ROUND_UNNECESSARY)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid rounding mode");
/*
* Rescale dividend or divisor (whichever can be "upscaled" to
* produce correctly scaled quotient).
* Take care to detect out-of-range scales
*/
BigDecimal dividend = this;
if (checkScale((long)scale + divisor.scale) > this.scale)
dividend = this.setScale(scale + divisor.scale, ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
else
divisor = divisor.setScale(checkScale((long)this.scale - scale),
ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
return divideAndRound(dividend.intCompact, dividend.intVal,
divisor.intCompact, divisor.intVal,
scale, roundingMode, scale);
}
/**
* Internally used for division operation. The dividend and divisor are
* passed both in {@code long} format and {@code BigInteger} format. The
* returned {@code BigDecimal} object is the quotient whose scale is set to
* the passed in scale. If the remainder is not zero, it will be rounded
* based on the passed in roundingMode. Also, if the remainder is zero and
* the last parameter, i.e. preferredScale is NOT equal to scale, the
* trailing zeros of the result is stripped to match the preferredScale.
*/
private static BigDecimal divideAndRound(long ldividend, BigInteger bdividend,
long ldivisor, BigInteger bdivisor,
int scale, int roundingMode,
int preferredScale) {
boolean isRemainderZero; // record remainder is zero or not
int qsign; // quotient sign
long q = 0, r = 0; // store quotient & remainder in long
MutableBigInteger mq = null; // store quotient
MutableBigInteger mr = null; // store remainder
MutableBigInteger mdivisor = null;
boolean isLongDivision = (ldividend != INFLATED && ldivisor != INFLATED);
if (isLongDivision) {
q = ldividend / ldivisor;
if (roundingMode == ROUND_DOWN && scale == preferredScale)
return new BigDecimal(null, q, scale, 0);
r = ldividend % ldivisor;
isRemainderZero = (r == 0);
qsign = ((ldividend < 0) == (ldivisor < 0)) ? 1 : -1;
} else {
if (bdividend == null)
bdividend = BigInteger.valueOf(ldividend);
// Descend into mutables for faster remainder checks
MutableBigInteger mdividend = new MutableBigInteger(bdividend.mag);
mq = new MutableBigInteger();
if (ldivisor != INFLATED) {
r = mdividend.divide(ldivisor, mq);
isRemainderZero = (r == 0);
qsign = (ldivisor < 0) ? -bdividend.signum : bdividend.signum;
} else {
mdivisor = new MutableBigInteger(bdivisor.mag);
mr = mdividend.divide(mdivisor, mq);
isRemainderZero = mr.isZero();
qsign = (bdividend.signum != bdivisor.signum) ? -1 : 1;
}
}
boolean increment = false;
if (!isRemainderZero) {
int cmpFracHalf;
/* Round as appropriate */
if (roundingMode == ROUND_UNNECESSARY) { // Rounding prohibited
throw new ArithmeticException("Rounding necessary");
} else if (roundingMode == ROUND_UP) { // Away from zero
increment = true;
} else if (roundingMode == ROUND_DOWN) { // Towards zero
increment = false;
} else if (roundingMode == ROUND_CEILING) { // Towards +infinity
increment = (qsign > 0);
} else if (roundingMode == ROUND_FLOOR) { // Towards -infinity
increment = (qsign < 0);
} else {
if (isLongDivision || ldivisor != INFLATED) {
if (r <= HALF_LONG_MIN_VALUE || r > HALF_LONG_MAX_VALUE) {
cmpFracHalf = 1; // 2 * r can't fit into long
} else {
cmpFracHalf = longCompareMagnitude(2 * r, ldivisor);
}
} else {
cmpFracHalf = mr.compareHalf(mdivisor);
}
if (cmpFracHalf < 0)
increment = false; // We're closer to higher digit
else if (cmpFracHalf > 0) // We're closer to lower digit
increment = true;
else if (roundingMode == ROUND_HALF_UP)
increment = true;
else if (roundingMode == ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
increment = false;
else // roundingMode == ROUND_HALF_EVEN, true iff quotient is odd
increment = isLongDivision ? (q & 1L) != 0L : mq.isOdd();
}
}
BigDecimal res;
if (isLongDivision)
res = new BigDecimal(null, (increment ? q + qsign : q), scale, 0);
else {
if (increment)
mq.add(MutableBigInteger.ONE);
res = mq.toBigDecimal(qsign, scale);
}
if (isRemainderZero && preferredScale != scale)
res.stripZerosToMatchScale(preferredScale);
return res;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this /
* divisor)}, and whose scale is as specified. If rounding must
* be performed to generate a result with the specified scale, the
* specified rounding mode is applied.
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
* @param scale scale of the {@code BigDecimal} quotient to be returned.
* @param roundingMode rounding mode to apply.
* @return {@code this / divisor}
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code divisor} is zero,
* {@code roundingMode==RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY} and
* the specified scale is insufficient to represent the result
* of the division exactly.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor, int scale, RoundingMode roundingMode) {
return divide(divisor, scale, roundingMode.oldMode);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this /
* divisor)}, and whose scale is {@code this.scale()}. If
* rounding must be performed to generate a result with the given
* scale, the specified rounding mode is applied.
*
* <p>The new {@link #divide(BigDecimal, RoundingMode)} method
* should be used in preference to this legacy method.
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
* @param roundingMode rounding mode to apply.
* @return {@code this / divisor}
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code divisor==0}, or
* {@code roundingMode==ROUND_UNNECESSARY} and
* {@code this.scale()} is insufficient to represent the result
* of the division exactly.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code roundingMode} does not
* represent a valid rounding mode.
* @see #ROUND_UP
* @see #ROUND_DOWN
* @see #ROUND_CEILING
* @see #ROUND_FLOOR
* @see #ROUND_HALF_UP
* @see #ROUND_HALF_DOWN
* @see #ROUND_HALF_EVEN
* @see #ROUND_UNNECESSARY
*/
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor, int roundingMode) {
return this.divide(divisor, scale, roundingMode);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this /
* divisor)}, and whose scale is {@code this.scale()}. If
* rounding must be performed to generate a result with the given
* scale, the specified rounding mode is applied.
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
* @param roundingMode rounding mode to apply.
* @return {@code this / divisor}
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code divisor==0}, or
* {@code roundingMode==RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY} and
* {@code this.scale()} is insufficient to represent the result
* of the division exactly.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor, RoundingMode roundingMode) {
return this.divide(divisor, scale, roundingMode.oldMode);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this /
* divisor)}, and whose preferred scale is {@code (this.scale() -
* divisor.scale())}; if the exact quotient cannot be
* represented (because it has a non-terminating decimal
* expansion) an {@code ArithmeticException} is thrown.
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the exact quotient does not have a
* terminating decimal expansion
* @return {@code this / divisor}
* @since 1.5
* @author Joseph D. Darcy
*/
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor) {
/*
* Handle zero cases first.
*/
if (divisor.signum() == 0) { // x/0
if (this.signum() == 0) // 0/0
throw new ArithmeticException("Division undefined"); // NaN
throw new ArithmeticException("Division by zero");
}
// Calculate preferred scale
int preferredScale = saturateLong((long)this.scale - divisor.scale);
if (this.signum() == 0) // 0/y
return (preferredScale >= 0 &&
preferredScale < ZERO_SCALED_BY.length) ?
ZERO_SCALED_BY[preferredScale] :
BigDecimal.valueOf(0, preferredScale);
else {
this.inflate();
divisor.inflate();
/*
* If the quotient this/divisor has a terminating decimal
* expansion, the expansion can have no more than
* (a.precision() + ceil(10*b.precision)/3) digits.
* Therefore, create a MathContext object with this
* precision and do a divide with the UNNECESSARY rounding
* mode.
*/
MathContext mc = new MathContext( (int)Math.min(this.precision() +
(long)Math.ceil(10.0*divisor.precision()/3.0),
Integer.MAX_VALUE),
RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY);
BigDecimal quotient;
try {
quotient = this.divide(divisor, mc);
} catch (ArithmeticException e) {
throw new ArithmeticException("Non-terminating decimal expansion; " +
"no exact representable decimal result.");
}
int quotientScale = quotient.scale();
// divide(BigDecimal, mc) tries to adjust the quotient to
// the desired one by removing trailing zeros; since the
// exact divide method does not have an explicit digit
// limit, we can add zeros too.
if (preferredScale > quotientScale)
return quotient.setScale(preferredScale, ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
return quotient;
}
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this /
* divisor)}, with rounding according to the context settings.
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return {@code this / divisor}, rounded as necessary.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY} or
* {@code mc.precision == 0} and the quotient has a
* non-terminating decimal expansion.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal divide(BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc) {
int mcp = mc.precision;
if (mcp == 0)
return divide(divisor);
BigDecimal dividend = this;
long preferredScale = (long)dividend.scale - divisor.scale;
// Now calculate the answer. We use the existing
// divide-and-round method, but as this rounds to scale we have
// to normalize the values here to achieve the desired result.
// For x/y we first handle y=0 and x=0, and then normalize x and
// y to give x' and y' with the following constraints:
// (a) 0.1 <= x' < 1
// (b) x' <= y' < 10*x'
// Dividing x'/y' with the required scale set to mc.precision then
// will give a result in the range 0.1 to 1 rounded to exactly
// the right number of digits (except in the case of a result of
// 1.000... which can arise when x=y, or when rounding overflows
// The 1.000... case will reduce properly to 1.
if (divisor.signum() == 0) { // x/0
if (dividend.signum() == 0) // 0/0
throw new ArithmeticException("Division undefined"); // NaN
throw new ArithmeticException("Division by zero");
}
if (dividend.signum() == 0) // 0/y
return new BigDecimal(BigInteger.ZERO, 0,
saturateLong(preferredScale), 1);
// Normalize dividend & divisor so that both fall into [0.1, 0.999...]
int xscale = dividend.precision();
int yscale = divisor.precision();
dividend = new BigDecimal(dividend.intVal, dividend.intCompact,
xscale, xscale);
divisor = new BigDecimal(divisor.intVal, divisor.intCompact,
yscale, yscale);
if (dividend.compareMagnitude(divisor) > 0) // satisfy constraint (b)
yscale = divisor.scale -= 1; // [that is, divisor *= 10]
// In order to find out whether the divide generates the exact result,
// we avoid calling the above divide method. 'quotient' holds the
// return BigDecimal object whose scale will be set to 'scl'.
BigDecimal quotient;
int scl = checkScale(preferredScale + yscale - xscale + mcp);
if (checkScale((long)mcp + yscale) > xscale)
dividend = dividend.setScale(mcp + yscale, ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
else
divisor = divisor.setScale(checkScale((long)xscale - mcp),
ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
quotient = divideAndRound(dividend.intCompact, dividend.intVal,
divisor.intCompact, divisor.intVal,
scl, mc.roundingMode.oldMode,
checkScale(preferredScale));
// doRound, here, only affects 1000000000 case.
quotient = doRound(quotient, mc);
return quotient;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is the integer part
* of the quotient {@code (this / divisor)} rounded down. The
* preferred scale of the result is {@code (this.scale() -
* divisor.scale())}.
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
* @return The integer part of {@code this / divisor}.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code divisor==0}
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal divideToIntegralValue(BigDecimal divisor) {
// Calculate preferred scale
int preferredScale = saturateLong((long)this.scale - divisor.scale);
if (this.compareMagnitude(divisor) < 0) {
// much faster when this << divisor
return BigDecimal.valueOf(0, preferredScale);
}
if(this.signum() == 0 && divisor.signum() != 0)
return this.setScale(preferredScale, ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
// Perform a divide with enough digits to round to a correct
// integer value; then remove any fractional digits
int maxDigits = (int)Math.min(this.precision() +
(long)Math.ceil(10.0*divisor.precision()/3.0) +
Math.abs((long)this.scale() - divisor.scale()) + 2,
Integer.MAX_VALUE);
BigDecimal quotient = this.divide(divisor, new MathContext(maxDigits,
RoundingMode.DOWN));
if (quotient.scale > 0) {
quotient = quotient.setScale(0, RoundingMode.DOWN);
quotient.stripZerosToMatchScale(preferredScale);
}
if (quotient.scale < preferredScale) {
// pad with zeros if necessary
quotient = quotient.setScale(preferredScale, ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
}
return quotient;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is the integer part
* of {@code (this / divisor)}. Since the integer part of the
* exact quotient does not depend on the rounding mode, the
* rounding mode does not affect the values returned by this
* method. The preferred scale of the result is
* {@code (this.scale() - divisor.scale())}. An
* {@code ArithmeticException} is thrown if the integer part of
* the exact quotient needs more than {@code mc.precision}
* digits.
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return The integer part of {@code this / divisor}.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code divisor==0}
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code mc.precision} {@literal >} 0 and the result
* requires a precision of more than {@code mc.precision} digits.
* @since 1.5
* @author Joseph D. Darcy
*/
public BigDecimal divideToIntegralValue(BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc) {
if (mc.precision == 0 || // exact result
(this.compareMagnitude(divisor) < 0) ) // zero result
return divideToIntegralValue(divisor);
// Calculate preferred scale
int preferredScale = saturateLong((long)this.scale - divisor.scale);
/*
* Perform a normal divide to mc.precision digits. If the
* remainder has absolute value less than the divisor, the
* integer portion of the quotient fits into mc.precision
* digits. Next, remove any fractional digits from the
* quotient and adjust the scale to the preferred value.
*/
BigDecimal result = this.
divide(divisor, new MathContext(mc.precision, RoundingMode.DOWN));
if (result.scale() < 0) {
/*
* Result is an integer. See if quotient represents the
* full integer portion of the exact quotient; if it does,
* the computed remainder will be less than the divisor.
*/
BigDecimal product = result.multiply(divisor);
// If the quotient is the full integer value,
// |dividend-product| < |divisor|.
if (this.subtract(product).compareMagnitude(divisor) >= 0) {
throw new ArithmeticException("Division impossible");
}
} else if (result.scale() > 0) {
/*
* Integer portion of quotient will fit into precision
* digits; recompute quotient to scale 0 to avoid double
* rounding and then try to adjust, if necessary.
*/
result = result.setScale(0, RoundingMode.DOWN);
}
// else result.scale() == 0;
int precisionDiff;
if ((preferredScale > result.scale()) &&
(precisionDiff = mc.precision - result.precision()) > 0) {
return result.setScale(result.scale() +
Math.min(precisionDiff, preferredScale - result.scale) );
} else {
result.stripZerosToMatchScale(preferredScale);
return result;
}
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this % divisor)}.
*
* <p>The remainder is given by
* {@code this.subtract(this.divideToIntegralValue(divisor).multiply(divisor))}.
* Note that this is not the modulo operation (the result can be
* negative).
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
* @return {@code this % divisor}.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code divisor==0}
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal remainder(BigDecimal divisor) {
BigDecimal divrem[] = this.divideAndRemainder(divisor);
return divrem[1];
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (this %
* divisor)}, with rounding according to the context settings.
* The {@code MathContext} settings affect the implicit divide
* used to compute the remainder. The remainder computation
* itself is by definition exact. Therefore, the remainder may
* contain more than {@code mc.getPrecision()} digits.
*
* <p>The remainder is given by
* {@code this.subtract(this.divideToIntegralValue(divisor,
* mc).multiply(divisor))}. Note that this is not the modulo
* operation (the result can be negative).
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return {@code this % divisor}, rounded as necessary.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code divisor==0}
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}, or {@code mc.precision}
* {@literal >} 0 and the result of {@code this.divideToIntgralValue(divisor)} would
* require a precision of more than {@code mc.precision} digits.
* @see #divideToIntegralValue(java.math.BigDecimal, java.math.MathContext)
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal remainder(BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc) {
BigDecimal divrem[] = this.divideAndRemainder(divisor, mc);
return divrem[1];
}
/**
* Returns a two-element {@code BigDecimal} array containing the
* result of {@code divideToIntegralValue} followed by the result of
* {@code remainder} on the two operands.
*
* <p>Note that if both the integer quotient and remainder are
* needed, this method is faster than using the
* {@code divideToIntegralValue} and {@code remainder} methods
* separately because the division need only be carried out once.
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided,
* and the remainder computed.
* @return a two element {@code BigDecimal} array: the quotient
* (the result of {@code divideToIntegralValue}) is the initial element
* and the remainder is the final element.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code divisor==0}
* @see #divideToIntegralValue(java.math.BigDecimal, java.math.MathContext)
* @see #remainder(java.math.BigDecimal, java.math.MathContext)
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal[] divideAndRemainder(BigDecimal divisor) {
// we use the identity x = i * y + r to determine r
BigDecimal[] result = new BigDecimal[2];
result[0] = this.divideToIntegralValue(divisor);
result[1] = this.subtract(result[0].multiply(divisor));
return result;
}
/**
* Returns a two-element {@code BigDecimal} array containing the
* result of {@code divideToIntegralValue} followed by the result of
* {@code remainder} on the two operands calculated with rounding
* according to the context settings.
*
* <p>Note that if both the integer quotient and remainder are
* needed, this method is faster than using the
* {@code divideToIntegralValue} and {@code remainder} methods
* separately because the division need only be carried out once.
*
* @param divisor value by which this {@code BigDecimal} is to be divided,
* and the remainder computed.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return a two element {@code BigDecimal} array: the quotient
* (the result of {@code divideToIntegralValue}) is the
* initial element and the remainder is the final element.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code divisor==0}
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}, or {@code mc.precision}
* {@literal >} 0 and the result of {@code this.divideToIntgralValue(divisor)} would
* require a precision of more than {@code mc.precision} digits.
* @see #divideToIntegralValue(java.math.BigDecimal, java.math.MathContext)
* @see #remainder(java.math.BigDecimal, java.math.MathContext)
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal[] divideAndRemainder(BigDecimal divisor, MathContext mc) {
if (mc.precision == 0)
return divideAndRemainder(divisor);
BigDecimal[] result = new BigDecimal[2];
BigDecimal lhs = this;
result[0] = lhs.divideToIntegralValue(divisor, mc);
result[1] = lhs.subtract(result[0].multiply(divisor));
return result;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is
* <tt>(this<sup>n</sup>)</tt>, The power is computed exactly, to
* unlimited precision.
*
* <p>The parameter {@code n} must be in the range 0 through
* 999999999, inclusive. {@code ZERO.pow(0)} returns {@link
* #ONE}.
*
* Note that future releases may expand the allowable exponent
* range of this method.
*
* @param n power to raise this {@code BigDecimal} to.
* @return <tt>this<sup>n</sup></tt>
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code n} is out of range.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal pow(int n) {
if (n < 0 || n > 999999999)
throw new ArithmeticException("Invalid operation");
// No need to calculate pow(n) if result will over/underflow.
// Don't attempt to support "supernormal" numbers.
int newScale = checkScale((long)scale * n);
this.inflate();
return new BigDecimal(intVal.pow(n), newScale);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is
* <tt>(this<sup>n</sup>)</tt>. The current implementation uses
* the core algorithm defined in ANSI standard X3.274-1996 with
* rounding according to the context settings. In general, the
* returned numerical value is within two ulps of the exact
* numerical value for the chosen precision. Note that future
* releases may use a different algorithm with a decreased
* allowable error bound and increased allowable exponent range.
*
* <p>The X3.274-1996 algorithm is:
*
* <ul>
* <li> An {@code ArithmeticException} exception is thrown if
* <ul>
* <li>{@code abs(n) > 999999999}
* <li>{@code mc.precision == 0} and {@code n < 0}
* <li>{@code mc.precision > 0} and {@code n} has more than
* {@code mc.precision} decimal digits
* </ul>
*
* <li> if {@code n} is zero, {@link #ONE} is returned even if
* {@code this} is zero, otherwise
* <ul>
* <li> if {@code n} is positive, the result is calculated via
* the repeated squaring technique into a single accumulator.
* The individual multiplications with the accumulator use the
* same math context settings as in {@code mc} except for a
* precision increased to {@code mc.precision + elength + 1}
* where {@code elength} is the number of decimal digits in
* {@code n}.
*
* <li> if {@code n} is negative, the result is calculated as if
* {@code n} were positive; this value is then divided into one
* using the working precision specified above.
*
* <li> The final value from either the positive or negative case
* is then rounded to the destination precision.
* </ul>
* </ul>
*
* @param n power to raise this {@code BigDecimal} to.
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return <tt>this<sup>n</sup></tt> using the ANSI standard X3.274-1996
* algorithm
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}, or {@code n} is out
* of range.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal pow(int n, MathContext mc) {
if (mc.precision == 0)
return pow(n);
if (n < -999999999 || n > 999999999)
throw new ArithmeticException("Invalid operation");
if (n == 0)
return ONE; // x**0 == 1 in X3.274
this.inflate();
BigDecimal lhs = this;
MathContext workmc = mc; // working settings
int mag = Math.abs(n); // magnitude of n
if (mc.precision > 0) {
int elength = longDigitLength(mag); // length of n in digits
if (elength > mc.precision) // X3.274 rule
throw new ArithmeticException("Invalid operation");
workmc = new MathContext(mc.precision + elength + 1,
mc.roundingMode);
}
// ready to carry out power calculation...
BigDecimal acc = ONE; // accumulator
boolean seenbit = false; // set once we've seen a 1-bit
for (int i=1;;i++) { // for each bit [top bit ignored]
mag += mag; // shift left 1 bit
if (mag < 0) { // top bit is set
seenbit = true; // OK, we're off
acc = acc.multiply(lhs, workmc); // acc=acc*x
}
if (i == 31)
break; // that was the last bit
if (seenbit)
acc=acc.multiply(acc, workmc); // acc=acc*acc [square]
// else (!seenbit) no point in squaring ONE
}
// if negative n, calculate the reciprocal using working precision
if (n<0) // [hence mc.precision>0]
acc=ONE.divide(acc, workmc);
// round to final precision and strip zeros
return doRound(acc, mc);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is the absolute value
* of this {@code BigDecimal}, and whose scale is
* {@code this.scale()}.
*
* @return {@code abs(this)}
*/
public BigDecimal abs() {
return (signum() < 0 ? negate() : this);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is the absolute value
* of this {@code BigDecimal}, with rounding according to the
* context settings.
*
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return {@code abs(this)}, rounded as necessary.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal abs(MathContext mc) {
return (signum() < 0 ? negate(mc) : plus(mc));
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (-this)},
* and whose scale is {@code this.scale()}.
*
* @return {@code -this}.
*/
public BigDecimal negate() {
BigDecimal result;
if (intCompact != INFLATED)
result = BigDecimal.valueOf(-intCompact, scale);
else {
result = new BigDecimal(intVal.negate(), scale);
result.precision = precision;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (-this)},
* with rounding according to the context settings.
*
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return {@code -this}, rounded as necessary.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal negate(MathContext mc) {
return negate().plus(mc);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (+this)}, and whose
* scale is {@code this.scale()}.
*
* <p>This method, which simply returns this {@code BigDecimal}
* is included for symmetry with the unary minus method {@link
* #negate()}.
*
* @return {@code this}.
* @see #negate()
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal plus() {
return this;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose value is {@code (+this)},
* with rounding according to the context settings.
*
* <p>The effect of this method is identical to that of the {@link
* #round(MathContext)} method.
*
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return {@code this}, rounded as necessary. A zero result will
* have a scale of 0.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
* @see #round(MathContext)
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal plus(MathContext mc) {
if (mc.precision == 0) // no rounding please
return this;
return doRound(this, mc);
}
/**
* Returns the signum function of this {@code BigDecimal}.
*
* @return -1, 0, or 1 as the value of this {@code BigDecimal}
* is negative, zero, or positive.
*/
public int signum() {
return (intCompact != INFLATED)?
Long.signum(intCompact):
intVal.signum();
}
/**
* Returns the <i>scale</i> of this {@code BigDecimal}. If zero
* or positive, the scale is the number of digits to the right of
* the decimal point. If negative, the unscaled value of the
* number is multiplied by ten to the power of the negation of the
* scale. For example, a scale of {@code -3} means the unscaled
* value is multiplied by 1000.
*
* @return the scale of this {@code BigDecimal}.
*/
public int scale() {
return scale;
}
/**
* Returns the <i>precision</i> of this {@code BigDecimal}. (The
* precision is the number of digits in the unscaled value.)
*
* <p>The precision of a zero value is 1.
*
* @return the precision of this {@code BigDecimal}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public int precision() {
int result = precision;
if (result == 0) {
long s = intCompact;
if (s != INFLATED)
result = longDigitLength(s);
else
result = bigDigitLength(inflate());
precision = result;
}
return result;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigInteger} whose value is the <i>unscaled
* value</i> of this {@code BigDecimal}. (Computes <tt>(this *
* 10<sup>this.scale()</sup>)</tt>.)
*
* @return the unscaled value of this {@code BigDecimal}.
* @since 1.2
*/
public BigInteger unscaledValue() {
return this.inflate();
}
// Rounding Modes
/**
* Rounding mode to round away from zero. Always increments the
* digit prior to a nonzero discarded fraction. Note that this rounding
* mode never decreases the magnitude of the calculated value.
*/
public final static int ROUND_UP = 0;
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards zero. Never increments the digit
* prior to a discarded fraction (i.e., truncates). Note that this
* rounding mode never increases the magnitude of the calculated value.
*/
public final static int ROUND_DOWN = 1;
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards positive infinity. If the
* {@code BigDecimal} is positive, behaves as for
* {@code ROUND_UP}; if negative, behaves as for
* {@code ROUND_DOWN}. Note that this rounding mode never
* decreases the calculated value.
*/
public final static int ROUND_CEILING = 2;
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards negative infinity. If the
* {@code BigDecimal} is positive, behave as for
* {@code ROUND_DOWN}; if negative, behave as for
* {@code ROUND_UP}. Note that this rounding mode never
* increases the calculated value.
*/
public final static int ROUND_FLOOR = 3;
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
* unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round up.
* Behaves as for {@code ROUND_UP} if the discarded fraction is
* ≥ 0.5; otherwise, behaves as for {@code ROUND_DOWN}. Note
* that this is the rounding mode that most of us were taught in
* grade school.
*/
public final static int ROUND_HALF_UP = 4;
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
* unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case round
* down. Behaves as for {@code ROUND_UP} if the discarded
* fraction is {@literal >} 0.5; otherwise, behaves as for
* {@code ROUND_DOWN}.
*/
public final static int ROUND_HALF_DOWN = 5;
/**
* Rounding mode to round towards the {@literal "nearest neighbor"}
* unless both neighbors are equidistant, in which case, round
* towards the even neighbor. Behaves as for
* {@code ROUND_HALF_UP} if the digit to the left of the
* discarded fraction is odd; behaves as for
* {@code ROUND_HALF_DOWN} if it's even. Note that this is the
* rounding mode that minimizes cumulative error when applied
* repeatedly over a sequence of calculations.
*/
public final static int ROUND_HALF_EVEN = 6;
/**
* Rounding mode to assert that the requested operation has an exact
* result, hence no rounding is necessary. If this rounding mode is
* specified on an operation that yields an inexact result, an
* {@code ArithmeticException} is thrown.
*/
public final static int ROUND_UNNECESSARY = 7;
// Scaling/Rounding Operations
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} rounded according to the
* {@code MathContext} settings. If the precision setting is 0 then
* no rounding takes place.
*
* <p>The effect of this method is identical to that of the
* {@link #plus(MathContext)} method.
*
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} rounded according to the
* {@code MathContext} settings.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the rounding mode is
* {@code UNNECESSARY} and the
* {@code BigDecimal} operation would require rounding.
* @see #plus(MathContext)
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal round(MathContext mc) {
return plus(mc);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose scale is the specified
* value, and whose unscaled value is determined by multiplying or
* dividing this {@code BigDecimal}'s unscaled value by the
* appropriate power of ten to maintain its overall value. If the
* scale is reduced by the operation, the unscaled value must be
* divided (rather than multiplied), and the value may be changed;
* in this case, the specified rounding mode is applied to the
* division.
*
* <p>Note that since BigDecimal objects are immutable, calls of
* this method do <i>not</i> result in the original object being
* modified, contrary to the usual convention of having methods
* named <tt>set<i>X</i></tt> mutate field <i>{@code X}</i>.
* Instead, {@code setScale} returns an object with the proper
* scale; the returned object may or may not be newly allocated.
*
* @param newScale scale of the {@code BigDecimal} value to be returned.
* @param roundingMode The rounding mode to apply.
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} whose scale is the specified value,
* and whose unscaled value is determined by multiplying or
* dividing this {@code BigDecimal}'s unscaled value by the
* appropriate power of ten to maintain its overall value.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code roundingMode==UNNECESSARY}
* and the specified scaling operation would require
* rounding.
* @see RoundingMode
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal setScale(int newScale, RoundingMode roundingMode) {
return setScale(newScale, roundingMode.oldMode);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose scale is the specified
* value, and whose unscaled value is determined by multiplying or
* dividing this {@code BigDecimal}'s unscaled value by the
* appropriate power of ten to maintain its overall value. If the
* scale is reduced by the operation, the unscaled value must be
* divided (rather than multiplied), and the value may be changed;
* in this case, the specified rounding mode is applied to the
* division.
*
* <p>Note that since BigDecimal objects are immutable, calls of
* this method do <i>not</i> result in the original object being
* modified, contrary to the usual convention of having methods
* named <tt>set<i>X</i></tt> mutate field <i>{@code X}</i>.
* Instead, {@code setScale} returns an object with the proper
* scale; the returned object may or may not be newly allocated.
*
* <p>The new {@link #setScale(int, RoundingMode)} method should
* be used in preference to this legacy method.
*
* @param newScale scale of the {@code BigDecimal} value to be returned.
* @param roundingMode The rounding mode to apply.
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} whose scale is the specified value,
* and whose unscaled value is determined by multiplying or
* dividing this {@code BigDecimal}'s unscaled value by the
* appropriate power of ten to maintain its overall value.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code roundingMode==ROUND_UNNECESSARY}
* and the specified scaling operation would require
* rounding.
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if {@code roundingMode} does not
* represent a valid rounding mode.
* @see #ROUND_UP
* @see #ROUND_DOWN
* @see #ROUND_CEILING
* @see #ROUND_FLOOR
* @see #ROUND_HALF_UP
* @see #ROUND_HALF_DOWN
* @see #ROUND_HALF_EVEN
* @see #ROUND_UNNECESSARY
*/
public BigDecimal setScale(int newScale, int roundingMode) {
if (roundingMode < ROUND_UP || roundingMode > ROUND_UNNECESSARY)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid rounding mode");
int oldScale = this.scale;
if (newScale == oldScale) // easy case
return this;
if (this.signum() == 0) // zero can have any scale
return BigDecimal.valueOf(0, newScale);
long rs = this.intCompact;
if (newScale > oldScale) {
int raise = checkScale((long)newScale - oldScale);
BigInteger rb = null;
if (rs == INFLATED ||
(rs = longMultiplyPowerTen(rs, raise)) == INFLATED)
rb = bigMultiplyPowerTen(raise);
return new BigDecimal(rb, rs, newScale,
(precision > 0) ? precision + raise : 0);
} else {
// newScale < oldScale -- drop some digits
// Can't predict the precision due to the effect of rounding.
int drop = checkScale((long)oldScale - newScale);
if (drop < LONG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE.length)
return divideAndRound(rs, this.intVal,
LONG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE[drop], null,
newScale, roundingMode, newScale);
else
return divideAndRound(rs, this.intVal,
INFLATED, bigTenToThe(drop),
newScale, roundingMode, newScale);
}
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} whose scale is the specified
* value, and whose value is numerically equal to this
* {@code BigDecimal}'s. Throws an {@code ArithmeticException}
* if this is not possible.
*
* <p>This call is typically used to increase the scale, in which
* case it is guaranteed that there exists a {@code BigDecimal}
* of the specified scale and the correct value. The call can
* also be used to reduce the scale if the caller knows that the
* {@code BigDecimal} has sufficiently many zeros at the end of
* its fractional part (i.e., factors of ten in its integer value)
* to allow for the rescaling without changing its value.
*
* <p>This method returns the same result as the two-argument
* versions of {@code setScale}, but saves the caller the trouble
* of specifying a rounding mode in cases where it is irrelevant.
*
* <p>Note that since {@code BigDecimal} objects are immutable,
* calls of this method do <i>not</i> result in the original
* object being modified, contrary to the usual convention of
* having methods named <tt>set<i>X</i></tt> mutate field
* <i>{@code X}</i>. Instead, {@code setScale} returns an
* object with the proper scale; the returned object may or may
* not be newly allocated.
*
* @param newScale scale of the {@code BigDecimal} value to be returned.
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} whose scale is the specified value, and
* whose unscaled value is determined by multiplying or dividing
* this {@code BigDecimal}'s unscaled value by the appropriate
* power of ten to maintain its overall value.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the specified scaling operation would
* require rounding.
* @see #setScale(int, int)
* @see #setScale(int, RoundingMode)
*/
public BigDecimal setScale(int newScale) {
return setScale(newScale, ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
}
// Decimal Point Motion Operations
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} which is equivalent to this one
* with the decimal point moved {@code n} places to the left. If
* {@code n} is non-negative, the call merely adds {@code n} to
* the scale. If {@code n} is negative, the call is equivalent
* to {@code movePointRight(-n)}. The {@code BigDecimal}
* returned by this call has value <tt>(this ×
* 10<sup>-n</sup>)</tt> and scale {@code max(this.scale()+n,
* 0)}.
*
* @param n number of places to move the decimal point to the left.
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} which is equivalent to this one with the
* decimal point moved {@code n} places to the left.
* @throws ArithmeticException if scale overflows.
*/
public BigDecimal movePointLeft(int n) {
// Cannot use movePointRight(-n) in case of n==Integer.MIN_VALUE
int newScale = checkScale((long)scale + n);
BigDecimal num = new BigDecimal(intVal, intCompact, newScale, 0);
return num.scale < 0 ? num.setScale(0, ROUND_UNNECESSARY) : num;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} which is equivalent to this one
* with the decimal point moved {@code n} places to the right.
* If {@code n} is non-negative, the call merely subtracts
* {@code n} from the scale. If {@code n} is negative, the call
* is equivalent to {@code movePointLeft(-n)}. The
* {@code BigDecimal} returned by this call has value <tt>(this
* × 10<sup>n</sup>)</tt> and scale {@code max(this.scale()-n,
* 0)}.
*
* @param n number of places to move the decimal point to the right.
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} which is equivalent to this one
* with the decimal point moved {@code n} places to the right.
* @throws ArithmeticException if scale overflows.
*/
public BigDecimal movePointRight(int n) {
// Cannot use movePointLeft(-n) in case of n==Integer.MIN_VALUE
int newScale = checkScale((long)scale - n);
BigDecimal num = new BigDecimal(intVal, intCompact, newScale, 0);
return num.scale < 0 ? num.setScale(0, ROUND_UNNECESSARY) : num;
}
/**
* Returns a BigDecimal whose numerical value is equal to
* ({@code this} * 10<sup>n</sup>). The scale of
* the result is {@code (this.scale() - n)}.
*
* @throws ArithmeticException if the scale would be
* outside the range of a 32-bit integer.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal scaleByPowerOfTen(int n) {
return new BigDecimal(intVal, intCompact,
checkScale((long)scale - n), precision);
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} which is numerically equal to
* this one but with any trailing zeros removed from the
* representation. For example, stripping the trailing zeros from
* the {@code BigDecimal} value {@code 600.0}, which has
* [{@code BigInteger}, {@code scale}] components equals to
* [6000, 1], yields {@code 6E2} with [{@code BigInteger},
* {@code scale}] components equals to [6, -2]
*
* @return a numerically equal {@code BigDecimal} with any
* trailing zeros removed.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal stripTrailingZeros() {
this.inflate();
BigDecimal result = new BigDecimal(intVal, scale);
result.stripZerosToMatchScale(Long.MIN_VALUE);
return result;
}
// Comparison Operations
/**
* Compares this {@code BigDecimal} with the specified
* {@code BigDecimal}. Two {@code BigDecimal} objects that are
* equal in value but have a different scale (like 2.0 and 2.00)
* are considered equal by this method. This method is provided
* in preference to individual methods for each of the six boolean
* comparison operators ({@literal <}, ==,
* {@literal >}, {@literal >=}, !=, {@literal <=}). The
* suggested idiom for performing these comparisons is:
* {@code (x.compareTo(y)} <<i>op</i>> {@code 0)}, where
* <<i>op</i>> is one of the six comparison operators.
*
* @param val {@code BigDecimal} to which this {@code BigDecimal} is
* to be compared.
* @return -1, 0, or 1 as this {@code BigDecimal} is numerically
* less than, equal to, or greater than {@code val}.
*/
public int compareTo(BigDecimal val) {
// Quick path for equal scale and non-inflated case.
if (scale == val.scale) {
long xs = intCompact;
long ys = val.intCompact;
if (xs != INFLATED && ys != INFLATED)
return xs != ys ? ((xs > ys) ? 1 : -1) : 0;
}
int xsign = this.signum();
int ysign = val.signum();
if (xsign != ysign)
return (xsign > ysign) ? 1 : -1;
if (xsign == 0)
return 0;
int cmp = compareMagnitude(val);
return (xsign > 0) ? cmp : -cmp;
}
/**
* Version of compareTo that ignores sign.
*/
private int compareMagnitude(BigDecimal val) {
// Match scales, avoid unnecessary inflation
long ys = val.intCompact;
long xs = this.intCompact;
if (xs == 0)
return (ys == 0) ? 0 : -1;
if (ys == 0)
return 1;
int sdiff = this.scale - val.scale;
if (sdiff != 0) {
// Avoid matching scales if the (adjusted) exponents differ
int xae = this.precision() - this.scale; // [-1]
int yae = val.precision() - val.scale; // [-1]
if (xae < yae)
return -1;
if (xae > yae)
return 1;
BigInteger rb = null;
if (sdiff < 0) {
if ( (xs == INFLATED ||
(xs = longMultiplyPowerTen(xs, -sdiff)) == INFLATED) &&
ys == INFLATED) {
rb = bigMultiplyPowerTen(-sdiff);
return rb.compareMagnitude(val.intVal);
}
} else { // sdiff > 0
if ( (ys == INFLATED ||
(ys = longMultiplyPowerTen(ys, sdiff)) == INFLATED) &&
xs == INFLATED) {
rb = val.bigMultiplyPowerTen(sdiff);
return this.intVal.compareMagnitude(rb);
}
}
}
if (xs != INFLATED)
return (ys != INFLATED) ? longCompareMagnitude(xs, ys) : -1;
else if (ys != INFLATED)
return 1;
else
return this.intVal.compareMagnitude(val.intVal);
}
/**
* Compares this {@code BigDecimal} with the specified
* {@code Object} for equality. Unlike {@link
* #compareTo(BigDecimal) compareTo}, this method considers two
* {@code BigDecimal} objects equal only if they are equal in
* value and scale (thus 2.0 is not equal to 2.00 when compared by
* this method).
*
* @param x {@code Object} to which this {@code BigDecimal} is
* to be compared.
* @return {@code true} if and only if the specified {@code Object} is a
* {@code BigDecimal} whose value and scale are equal to this
* {@code BigDecimal}'s.
* @see #compareTo(java.math.BigDecimal)
* @see #hashCode
*/
@Override
public boolean equals(Object x) {
if (!(x instanceof BigDecimal))
return false;
BigDecimal xDec = (BigDecimal) x;
if (x == this)
return true;
if (scale != xDec.scale)
return false;
long s = this.intCompact;
long xs = xDec.intCompact;
if (s != INFLATED) {
if (xs == INFLATED)
xs = compactValFor(xDec.intVal);
return xs == s;
} else if (xs != INFLATED)
return xs == compactValFor(this.intVal);
return this.inflate().equals(xDec.inflate());
}
/**
* Returns the minimum of this {@code BigDecimal} and
* {@code val}.
*
* @param val value with which the minimum is to be computed.
* @return the {@code BigDecimal} whose value is the lesser of this
* {@code BigDecimal} and {@code val}. If they are equal,
* as defined by the {@link #compareTo(BigDecimal) compareTo}
* method, {@code this} is returned.
* @see #compareTo(java.math.BigDecimal)
*/
public BigDecimal min(BigDecimal val) {
return (compareTo(val) <= 0 ? this : val);
}
/**
* Returns the maximum of this {@code BigDecimal} and {@code val}.
*
* @param val value with which the maximum is to be computed.
* @return the {@code BigDecimal} whose value is the greater of this
* {@code BigDecimal} and {@code val}. If they are equal,
* as defined by the {@link #compareTo(BigDecimal) compareTo}
* method, {@code this} is returned.
* @see #compareTo(java.math.BigDecimal)
*/
public BigDecimal max(BigDecimal val) {
return (compareTo(val) >= 0 ? this : val);
}
// Hash Function
/**
* Returns the hash code for this {@code BigDecimal}. Note that
* two {@code BigDecimal} objects that are numerically equal but
* differ in scale (like 2.0 and 2.00) will generally <i>not</i>
* have the same hash code.
*
* @return hash code for this {@code BigDecimal}.
* @see #equals(Object)
*/
@Override
public int hashCode() {
if (intCompact != INFLATED) {
long val2 = (intCompact < 0)? -intCompact : intCompact;
int temp = (int)( ((int)(val2 >>> 32)) * 31 +
(val2 & LONG_MASK));
return 31*((intCompact < 0) ?-temp:temp) + scale;
} else
return 31*intVal.hashCode() + scale;
}
// Format Converters
/**
* Returns the string representation of this {@code BigDecimal},
* using scientific notation if an exponent is needed.
*
* <p>A standard canonical string form of the {@code BigDecimal}
* is created as though by the following steps: first, the
* absolute value of the unscaled value of the {@code BigDecimal}
* is converted to a string in base ten using the characters
* {@code '0'} through {@code '9'} with no leading zeros (except
* if its value is zero, in which case a single {@code '0'}
* character is used).
*
* <p>Next, an <i>adjusted exponent</i> is calculated; this is the
* negated scale, plus the number of characters in the converted
* unscaled value, less one. That is,
* {@code -scale+(ulength-1)}, where {@code ulength} is the
* length of the absolute value of the unscaled value in decimal
* digits (its <i>precision</i>).
*
* <p>If the scale is greater than or equal to zero and the
* adjusted exponent is greater than or equal to {@code -6}, the
* number will be converted to a character form without using
* exponential notation. In this case, if the scale is zero then
* no decimal point is added and if the scale is positive a
* decimal point will be inserted with the scale specifying the
* number of characters to the right of the decimal point.
* {@code '0'} characters are added to the left of the converted
* unscaled value as necessary. If no character precedes the
* decimal point after this insertion then a conventional
* {@code '0'} character is prefixed.
*
* <p>Otherwise (that is, if the scale is negative, or the
* adjusted exponent is less than {@code -6}), the number will be
* converted to a character form using exponential notation. In
* this case, if the converted {@code BigInteger} has more than
* one digit a decimal point is inserted after the first digit.
* An exponent in character form is then suffixed to the converted
* unscaled value (perhaps with inserted decimal point); this
* comprises the letter {@code 'E'} followed immediately by the
* adjusted exponent converted to a character form. The latter is
* in base ten, using the characters {@code '0'} through
* {@code '9'} with no leading zeros, and is always prefixed by a
* sign character {@code '-'} (<tt>'\u002D'</tt>) if the
* adjusted exponent is negative, {@code '+'}
* (<tt>'\u002B'</tt>) otherwise).
*
* <p>Finally, the entire string is prefixed by a minus sign
* character {@code '-'} (<tt>'\u002D'</tt>) if the unscaled
* value is less than zero. No sign character is prefixed if the
* unscaled value is zero or positive.
*
* <p><b>Examples:</b>
* <p>For each representation [<i>unscaled value</i>, <i>scale</i>]
* on the left, the resulting string is shown on the right.
* <pre>
* [123,0] "123"
* [-123,0] "-123"
* [123,-1] "1.23E+3"
* [123,-3] "1.23E+5"
* [123,1] "12.3"
* [123,5] "0.00123"
* [123,10] "1.23E-8"
* [-123,12] "-1.23E-10"
* </pre>
*
* <b>Notes:</b>
* <ol>
*
* <li>There is a one-to-one mapping between the distinguishable
* {@code BigDecimal} values and the result of this conversion.
* That is, every distinguishable {@code BigDecimal} value
* (unscaled value and scale) has a unique string representation
* as a result of using {@code toString}. If that string
* representation is converted back to a {@code BigDecimal} using
* the {@link #BigDecimal(String)} constructor, then the original
* value will be recovered.
*
* <li>The string produced for a given number is always the same;
* it is not affected by locale. This means that it can be used
* as a canonical string representation for exchanging decimal
* data, or as a key for a Hashtable, etc. Locale-sensitive
* number formatting and parsing is handled by the {@link
* java.text.NumberFormat} class and its subclasses.
*
* <li>The {@link #toEngineeringString} method may be used for
* presenting numbers with exponents in engineering notation, and the
* {@link #setScale(int,RoundingMode) setScale} method may be used for
* rounding a {@code BigDecimal} so it has a known number of digits after
* the decimal point.
*
* <li>The digit-to-character mapping provided by
* {@code Character.forDigit} is used.
*
* </ol>
*
* @return string representation of this {@code BigDecimal}.
* @see Character#forDigit
* @see #BigDecimal(java.lang.String)
*/
@Override
public String toString() {
String sc = stringCache;
if (sc == null)
stringCache = sc = layoutChars(true);
return sc;
}
/**
* Returns a string representation of this {@code BigDecimal},
* using engineering notation if an exponent is needed.
*
* <p>Returns a string that represents the {@code BigDecimal} as
* described in the {@link #toString()} method, except that if
* exponential notation is used, the power of ten is adjusted to
* be a multiple of three (engineering notation) such that the
* integer part of nonzero values will be in the range 1 through
* 999. If exponential notation is used for zero values, a
* decimal point and one or two fractional zero digits are used so
* that the scale of the zero value is preserved. Note that
* unlike the output of {@link #toString()}, the output of this
* method is <em>not</em> guaranteed to recover the same [integer,
* scale] pair of this {@code BigDecimal} if the output string is
* converting back to a {@code BigDecimal} using the {@linkplain
* #BigDecimal(String) string constructor}. The result of this method meets
* the weaker constraint of always producing a numerically equal
* result from applying the string constructor to the method's output.
*
* @return string representation of this {@code BigDecimal}, using
* engineering notation if an exponent is needed.
* @since 1.5
*/
public String toEngineeringString() {
return layoutChars(false);
}
/**
* Returns a string representation of this {@code BigDecimal}
* without an exponent field. For values with a positive scale,
* the number of digits to the right of the decimal point is used
* to indicate scale. For values with a zero or negative scale,
* the resulting string is generated as if the value were
* converted to a numerically equal value with zero scale and as
* if all the trailing zeros of the zero scale value were present
* in the result.
*
* The entire string is prefixed by a minus sign character '-'
* (<tt>'\u002D'</tt>) if the unscaled value is less than
* zero. No sign character is prefixed if the unscaled value is
* zero or positive.
*
* Note that if the result of this method is passed to the
* {@linkplain #BigDecimal(String) string constructor}, only the
* numerical value of this {@code BigDecimal} will necessarily be
* recovered; the representation of the new {@code BigDecimal}
* may have a different scale. In particular, if this
* {@code BigDecimal} has a negative scale, the string resulting
* from this method will have a scale of zero when processed by
* the string constructor.
*
* (This method behaves analogously to the {@code toString}
* method in 1.4 and earlier releases.)
*
* @return a string representation of this {@code BigDecimal}
* without an exponent field.
* @since 1.5
* @see #toString()
* @see #toEngineeringString()
*/
public String toPlainString() {
BigDecimal bd = this;
if (bd.scale < 0)
bd = bd.setScale(0);
bd.inflate();
if (bd.scale == 0) // No decimal point
return bd.intVal.toString();
return bd.getValueString(bd.signum(), bd.intVal.abs().toString(), bd.scale);
}
/* Returns a digit.digit string */
private String getValueString(int signum, String intString, int scale) {
/* Insert decimal point */
StringBuilder buf;
int insertionPoint = intString.length() - scale;
if (insertionPoint == 0) { /* Point goes right before intVal */
return (signum<0 ? "-0." : "0.") + intString;
} else if (insertionPoint > 0) { /* Point goes inside intVal */
buf = new StringBuilder(intString);
buf.insert(insertionPoint, '.');
if (signum < 0)
buf.insert(0, '-');
} else { /* We must insert zeros between point and intVal */
buf = new StringBuilder(3-insertionPoint + intString.length());
buf.append(signum<0 ? "-0." : "0.");
for (int i=0; i<-insertionPoint; i++)
buf.append('0');
buf.append(intString);
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
* Converts this {@code BigDecimal} to a {@code BigInteger}.
* This conversion is analogous to the
* <i>narrowing primitive conversion</i> from {@code double} to
* {@code long} as defined in section 5.1.3 of
* <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>:
* any fractional part of this
* {@code BigDecimal} will be discarded. Note that this
* conversion can lose information about the precision of the
* {@code BigDecimal} value.
* <p>
* To have an exception thrown if the conversion is inexact (in
* other words if a nonzero fractional part is discarded), use the
* {@link #toBigIntegerExact()} method.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} converted to a {@code BigInteger}.
*/
public BigInteger toBigInteger() {
// force to an integer, quietly
return this.setScale(0, ROUND_DOWN).inflate();
}
/**
* Converts this {@code BigDecimal} to a {@code BigInteger},
* checking for lost information. An exception is thrown if this
* {@code BigDecimal} has a nonzero fractional part.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} converted to a {@code BigInteger}.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code this} has a nonzero
* fractional part.
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigInteger toBigIntegerExact() {
// round to an integer, with Exception if decimal part non-0
return this.setScale(0, ROUND_UNNECESSARY).inflate();
}
/**
* Converts this {@code BigDecimal} to a {@code long}.
* This conversion is analogous to the
* <i>narrowing primitive conversion</i> from {@code double} to
* {@code short} as defined in section 5.1.3 of
* <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>:
* any fractional part of this
* {@code BigDecimal} will be discarded, and if the resulting
* "{@code BigInteger}" is too big to fit in a
* {@code long}, only the low-order 64 bits are returned.
* Note that this conversion can lose information about the
* overall magnitude and precision of this {@code BigDecimal} value as well
* as return a result with the opposite sign.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} converted to a {@code long}.
*/
public long longValue(){
return (intCompact != INFLATED && scale == 0) ?
intCompact:
toBigInteger().longValue();
}
/**
* Converts this {@code BigDecimal} to a {@code long}, checking
* for lost information. If this {@code BigDecimal} has a
* nonzero fractional part or is out of the possible range for a
* {@code long} result then an {@code ArithmeticException} is
* thrown.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} converted to a {@code long}.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code this} has a nonzero
* fractional part, or will not fit in a {@code long}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public long longValueExact() {
if (intCompact != INFLATED && scale == 0)
return intCompact;
// If more than 19 digits in integer part it cannot possibly fit
if ((precision() - scale) > 19) // [OK for negative scale too]
throw new java.lang.ArithmeticException("Overflow");
// Fastpath zero and < 1.0 numbers (the latter can be very slow
// to round if very small)
if (this.signum() == 0)
return 0;
if ((this.precision() - this.scale) <= 0)
throw new ArithmeticException("Rounding necessary");
// round to an integer, with Exception if decimal part non-0
BigDecimal num = this.setScale(0, ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
if (num.precision() >= 19) // need to check carefully
LongOverflow.check(num);
return num.inflate().longValue();
}
private static class LongOverflow {
/** BigInteger equal to Long.MIN_VALUE. */
private static final BigInteger LONGMIN = BigInteger.valueOf(Long.MIN_VALUE);
/** BigInteger equal to Long.MAX_VALUE. */
private static final BigInteger LONGMAX = BigInteger.valueOf(Long.MAX_VALUE);
public static void check(BigDecimal num) {
num.inflate();
if ((num.intVal.compareTo(LONGMIN) < 0) ||
(num.intVal.compareTo(LONGMAX) > 0))
throw new java.lang.ArithmeticException("Overflow");
}
}
/**
* Converts this {@code BigDecimal} to an {@code int}.
* This conversion is analogous to the
* <i>narrowing primitive conversion</i> from {@code double} to
* {@code short} as defined in section 5.1.3 of
* <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>:
* any fractional part of this
* {@code BigDecimal} will be discarded, and if the resulting
* "{@code BigInteger}" is too big to fit in an
* {@code int}, only the low-order 32 bits are returned.
* Note that this conversion can lose information about the
* overall magnitude and precision of this {@code BigDecimal}
* value as well as return a result with the opposite sign.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} converted to an {@code int}.
*/
public int intValue() {
return (intCompact != INFLATED && scale == 0) ?
(int)intCompact :
toBigInteger().intValue();
}
/**
* Converts this {@code BigDecimal} to an {@code int}, checking
* for lost information. If this {@code BigDecimal} has a
* nonzero fractional part or is out of the possible range for an
* {@code int} result then an {@code ArithmeticException} is
* thrown.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} converted to an {@code int}.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code this} has a nonzero
* fractional part, or will not fit in an {@code int}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public int intValueExact() {
long num;
num = this.longValueExact(); // will check decimal part
if ((int)num != num)
throw new java.lang.ArithmeticException("Overflow");
return (int)num;
}
/**
* Converts this {@code BigDecimal} to a {@code short}, checking
* for lost information. If this {@code BigDecimal} has a
* nonzero fractional part or is out of the possible range for a
* {@code short} result then an {@code ArithmeticException} is
* thrown.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} converted to a {@code short}.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code this} has a nonzero
* fractional part, or will not fit in a {@code short}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public short shortValueExact() {
long num;
num = this.longValueExact(); // will check decimal part
if ((short)num != num)
throw new java.lang.ArithmeticException("Overflow");
return (short)num;
}
/**
* Converts this {@code BigDecimal} to a {@code byte}, checking
* for lost information. If this {@code BigDecimal} has a
* nonzero fractional part or is out of the possible range for a
* {@code byte} result then an {@code ArithmeticException} is
* thrown.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} converted to a {@code byte}.
* @throws ArithmeticException if {@code this} has a nonzero
* fractional part, or will not fit in a {@code byte}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public byte byteValueExact() {
long num;
num = this.longValueExact(); // will check decimal part
if ((byte)num != num)
throw new java.lang.ArithmeticException("Overflow");
return (byte)num;
}
/**
* Converts this {@code BigDecimal} to a {@code float}.
* This conversion is similar to the
* <i>narrowing primitive conversion</i> from {@code double} to
* {@code float} as defined in section 5.1.3 of
* <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>:
* if this {@code BigDecimal} has too great a
* magnitude to represent as a {@code float}, it will be
* converted to {@link Float#NEGATIVE_INFINITY} or {@link
* Float#POSITIVE_INFINITY} as appropriate. Note that even when
* the return value is finite, this conversion can lose
* information about the precision of the {@code BigDecimal}
* value.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} converted to a {@code float}.
*/
public float floatValue(){
if (scale == 0 && intCompact != INFLATED)
return (float)intCompact;
// Somewhat inefficient, but guaranteed to work.
return Float.parseFloat(this.toString());
}
/**
* Converts this {@code BigDecimal} to a {@code double}.
* This conversion is similar to the
* <i>narrowing primitive conversion</i> from {@code double} to
* {@code float} as defined in section 5.1.3 of
* <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>:
* if this {@code BigDecimal} has too great a
* magnitude represent as a {@code double}, it will be
* converted to {@link Double#NEGATIVE_INFINITY} or {@link
* Double#POSITIVE_INFINITY} as appropriate. Note that even when
* the return value is finite, this conversion can lose
* information about the precision of the {@code BigDecimal}
* value.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} converted to a {@code double}.
*/
public double doubleValue(){
if (scale == 0 && intCompact != INFLATED)
return (double)intCompact;
// Somewhat inefficient, but guaranteed to work.
return Double.parseDouble(this.toString());
}
/**
* Returns the size of an ulp, a unit in the last place, of this
* {@code BigDecimal}. An ulp of a nonzero {@code BigDecimal}
* value is the positive distance between this value and the
* {@code BigDecimal} value next larger in magnitude with the
* same number of digits. An ulp of a zero value is numerically
* equal to 1 with the scale of {@code this}. The result is
* stored with the same scale as {@code this} so the result
* for zero and nonzero values is equal to {@code [1,
* this.scale()]}.
*
* @return the size of an ulp of {@code this}
* @since 1.5
*/
public BigDecimal ulp() {
return BigDecimal.valueOf(1, this.scale());
}
// Private class to build a string representation for BigDecimal object.
// "StringBuilderHelper" is constructed as a thread local variable so it is
// thread safe. The StringBuilder field acts as a buffer to hold the temporary
// representation of BigDecimal. The cmpCharArray holds all the characters for
// the compact representation of BigDecimal (except for '-' sign' if it is
// negative) if its intCompact field is not INFLATED. It is shared by all
// calls to toString() and its variants in that particular thread.
static class StringBuilderHelper {
final StringBuilder sb; // Placeholder for BigDecimal string
final char[] cmpCharArray; // character array to place the intCompact
StringBuilderHelper() {
sb = new StringBuilder();
// All non negative longs can be made to fit into 19 character array.
cmpCharArray = new char[19];
}
// Accessors.
StringBuilder getStringBuilder() {
sb.setLength(0);
return sb;
}
char[] getCompactCharArray() {
return cmpCharArray;
}
/**
* Places characters representing the intCompact in {@code long} into
* cmpCharArray and returns the offset to the array where the
* representation starts.
*
* @param intCompact the number to put into the cmpCharArray.
* @return offset to the array where the representation starts.
* Note: intCompact must be greater or equal to zero.
*/
int putIntCompact(long intCompact) {
assert intCompact >= 0;
long q;
int r;
// since we start from the least significant digit, charPos points to
// the last character in cmpCharArray.
int charPos = cmpCharArray.length;
// Get 2 digits/iteration using longs until quotient fits into an int
while (intCompact > Integer.MAX_VALUE) {
q = intCompact / 100;
r = (int)(intCompact - q * 100);
intCompact = q;
cmpCharArray[--charPos] = DIGIT_ONES[r];
cmpCharArray[--charPos] = DIGIT_TENS[r];
}
// Get 2 digits/iteration using ints when i2 >= 100
int q2;
int i2 = (int)intCompact;
while (i2 >= 100) {
q2 = i2 / 100;
r = i2 - q2 * 100;
i2 = q2;
cmpCharArray[--charPos] = DIGIT_ONES[r];
cmpCharArray[--charPos] = DIGIT_TENS[r];
}
cmpCharArray[--charPos] = DIGIT_ONES[i2];
if (i2 >= 10)
cmpCharArray[--charPos] = DIGIT_TENS[i2];
return charPos;
}
final static char[] DIGIT_TENS = {
'0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0',
'1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1', '1',
'2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2', '2',
'3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3', '3',
'4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4', '4',
'5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5', '5',
'6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6', '6',
'7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7', '7',
'8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8', '8',
'9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9', '9',
};
final static char[] DIGIT_ONES = {
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
'0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9',
};
}
/**
* Lay out this {@code BigDecimal} into a {@code char[]} array.
* The Java 1.2 equivalent to this was called {@code getValueString}.
*
* @param sci {@code true} for Scientific exponential notation;
* {@code false} for Engineering
* @return string with canonical string representation of this
* {@code BigDecimal}
*/
private String layoutChars(boolean sci) {
if (scale == 0) // zero scale is trivial
return (intCompact != INFLATED) ?
Long.toString(intCompact):
intVal.toString();
StringBuilderHelper sbHelper = threadLocalStringBuilderHelper.get();
char[] coeff;
int offset; // offset is the starting index for coeff array
// Get the significand as an absolute value
if (intCompact != INFLATED) {
offset = sbHelper.putIntCompact(Math.abs(intCompact));
coeff = sbHelper.getCompactCharArray();
} else {
offset = 0;
coeff = intVal.abs().toString().toCharArray();
}
// Construct a buffer, with sufficient capacity for all cases.
// If E-notation is needed, length will be: +1 if negative, +1
// if '.' needed, +2 for "E+", + up to 10 for adjusted exponent.
// Otherwise it could have +1 if negative, plus leading "0.00000"
StringBuilder buf = sbHelper.getStringBuilder();
if (signum() < 0) // prefix '-' if negative
buf.append('-');
int coeffLen = coeff.length - offset;
long adjusted = -(long)scale + (coeffLen -1);
if ((scale >= 0) && (adjusted >= -6)) { // plain number
int pad = scale - coeffLen; // count of padding zeros
if (pad >= 0) { // 0.xxx form
buf.append('0');
buf.append('.');
for (; pad>0; pad--) {
buf.append('0');
}
buf.append(coeff, offset, coeffLen);
} else { // xx.xx form
buf.append(coeff, offset, -pad);
buf.append('.');
buf.append(coeff, -pad + offset, scale);
}
} else { // E-notation is needed
if (sci) { // Scientific notation
buf.append(coeff[offset]); // first character
if (coeffLen > 1) { // more to come
buf.append('.');
buf.append(coeff, offset + 1, coeffLen - 1);
}
} else { // Engineering notation
int sig = (int)(adjusted % 3);
if (sig < 0)
sig += 3; // [adjusted was negative]
adjusted -= sig; // now a multiple of 3
sig++;
if (signum() == 0) {
switch (sig) {
case 1:
buf.append('0'); // exponent is a multiple of three
break;
case 2:
buf.append("0.00");
adjusted += 3;
break;
case 3:
buf.append("0.0");
adjusted += 3;
break;
default:
throw new AssertionError("Unexpected sig value " + sig);
}
} else if (sig >= coeffLen) { // significand all in integer
buf.append(coeff, offset, coeffLen);
// may need some zeros, too
for (int i = sig - coeffLen; i > 0; i--)
buf.append('0');
} else { // xx.xxE form
buf.append(coeff, offset, sig);
buf.append('.');
buf.append(coeff, offset + sig, coeffLen - sig);
}
}
if (adjusted != 0) { // [!sci could have made 0]
buf.append('E');
if (adjusted > 0) // force sign for positive
buf.append('+');
buf.append(adjusted);
}
}
return buf.toString();
}
/**
* Return 10 to the power n, as a {@code BigInteger}.
*
* @param n the power of ten to be returned (>=0)
* @return a {@code BigInteger} with the value (10<sup>n</sup>)
*/
private static BigInteger bigTenToThe(int n) {
if (n < 0)
return BigInteger.ZERO;
if (n < BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE_MAX) {
BigInteger[] pows = BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE;
if (n < pows.length)
return pows[n];
else
return expandBigIntegerTenPowers(n);
}
// BigInteger.pow is slow, so make 10**n by constructing a
// BigInteger from a character string (still not very fast)
char tenpow[] = new char[n + 1];
tenpow[0] = '1';
for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
tenpow[i] = '0';
return new BigInteger(tenpow);
}
/**
* Expand the BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE array to contain at least 10**n.
*
* @param n the power of ten to be returned (>=0)
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} with the value (10<sup>n</sup>) and
* in the meantime, the BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE array gets
* expanded to the size greater than n.
*/
private static BigInteger expandBigIntegerTenPowers(int n) {
synchronized(BigDecimal.class) {
BigInteger[] pows = BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE;
int curLen = pows.length;
// The following comparison and the above synchronized statement is
// to prevent multiple threads from expanding the same array.
if (curLen <= n) {
int newLen = curLen << 1;
while (newLen <= n)
newLen <<= 1;
pows = Arrays.copyOf(pows, newLen);
for (int i = curLen; i < newLen; i++)
pows[i] = pows[i - 1].multiply(BigInteger.TEN);
// Based on the following facts:
// 1. pows is a private local varible;
// 2. the following store is a volatile store.
// the newly created array elements can be safely published.
BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE = pows;
}
return pows[n];
}
}
private static final long[] LONG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE = {
1, // 0 / 10^0
10, // 1 / 10^1
100, // 2 / 10^2
1000, // 3 / 10^3
10000, // 4 / 10^4
100000, // 5 / 10^5
1000000, // 6 / 10^6
10000000, // 7 / 10^7
100000000, // 8 / 10^8
1000000000, // 9 / 10^9
10000000000L, // 10 / 10^10
100000000000L, // 11 / 10^11
1000000000000L, // 12 / 10^12
10000000000000L, // 13 / 10^13
100000000000000L, // 14 / 10^14
1000000000000000L, // 15 / 10^15
10000000000000000L, // 16 / 10^16
100000000000000000L, // 17 / 10^17
1000000000000000000L // 18 / 10^18
};
private static volatile BigInteger BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE[] = {BigInteger.ONE,
BigInteger.valueOf(10), BigInteger.valueOf(100),
BigInteger.valueOf(1000), BigInteger.valueOf(10000),
BigInteger.valueOf(100000), BigInteger.valueOf(1000000),
BigInteger.valueOf(10000000), BigInteger.valueOf(100000000),
BigInteger.valueOf(1000000000),
BigInteger.valueOf(10000000000L),
BigInteger.valueOf(100000000000L),
BigInteger.valueOf(1000000000000L),
BigInteger.valueOf(10000000000000L),
BigInteger.valueOf(100000000000000L),
BigInteger.valueOf(1000000000000000L),
BigInteger.valueOf(10000000000000000L),
BigInteger.valueOf(100000000000000000L),
BigInteger.valueOf(1000000000000000000L)
};
private static final int BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE_INITLEN =
BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE.length;
private static final int BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE_MAX =
16 * BIG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE_INITLEN;
private static final long THRESHOLDS_TABLE[] = {
Long.MAX_VALUE, // 0
Long.MAX_VALUE/10L, // 1
Long.MAX_VALUE/100L, // 2
Long.MAX_VALUE/1000L, // 3
Long.MAX_VALUE/10000L, // 4
Long.MAX_VALUE/100000L, // 5
Long.MAX_VALUE/1000000L, // 6
Long.MAX_VALUE/10000000L, // 7
Long.MAX_VALUE/100000000L, // 8
Long.MAX_VALUE/1000000000L, // 9
Long.MAX_VALUE/10000000000L, // 10
Long.MAX_VALUE/100000000000L, // 11
Long.MAX_VALUE/1000000000000L, // 12
Long.MAX_VALUE/10000000000000L, // 13
Long.MAX_VALUE/100000000000000L, // 14
Long.MAX_VALUE/1000000000000000L, // 15
Long.MAX_VALUE/10000000000000000L, // 16
Long.MAX_VALUE/100000000000000000L, // 17
Long.MAX_VALUE/1000000000000000000L // 18
};
/**
* Compute val * 10 ^ n; return this product if it is
* representable as a long, INFLATED otherwise.
*/
private static long longMultiplyPowerTen(long val, int n) {
if (val == 0 || n <= 0)
return val;
long[] tab = LONG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE;
long[] bounds = THRESHOLDS_TABLE;
if (n < tab.length && n < bounds.length) {
long tenpower = tab[n];
if (val == 1)
return tenpower;
if (Math.abs(val) <= bounds[n])
return val * tenpower;
}
return INFLATED;
}
/**
* Compute this * 10 ^ n.
* Needed mainly to allow special casing to trap zero value
*/
private BigInteger bigMultiplyPowerTen(int n) {
if (n <= 0)
return this.inflate();
if (intCompact != INFLATED)
return bigTenToThe(n).multiply(intCompact);
else
return intVal.multiply(bigTenToThe(n));
}
/**
* Assign appropriate BigInteger to intVal field if intVal is
* null, i.e. the compact representation is in use.
*/
private BigInteger inflate() {
if (intVal == null)
intVal = BigInteger.valueOf(intCompact);
return intVal;
}
/**
* Match the scales of two {@code BigDecimal}s to align their
* least significant digits.
*
* <p>If the scales of val[0] and val[1] differ, rescale
* (non-destructively) the lower-scaled {@code BigDecimal} so
* they match. That is, the lower-scaled reference will be
* replaced by a reference to a new object with the same scale as
* the other {@code BigDecimal}.
*
* @param val array of two elements referring to the two
* {@code BigDecimal}s to be aligned.
*/
private static void matchScale(BigDecimal[] val) {
if (val[0].scale == val[1].scale) {
return;
} else if (val[0].scale < val[1].scale) {
val[0] = val[0].setScale(val[1].scale, ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
} else if (val[1].scale < val[0].scale) {
val[1] = val[1].setScale(val[0].scale, ROUND_UNNECESSARY);
}
}
/**
* Reconstitute the {@code BigDecimal} instance from a stream (that is,
* deserialize it).
*
* @param s the stream being read.
*/
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
// Read in all fields
s.defaultReadObject();
// validate possibly bad fields
if (intVal == null) {
String message = "BigDecimal: null intVal in stream";
throw new java.io.StreamCorruptedException(message);
// [all values of scale are now allowed]
}
intCompact = compactValFor(intVal);
}
/**
* Serialize this {@code BigDecimal} to the stream in question
*
* @param s the stream to serialize to.
*/
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException {
// Must inflate to maintain compatible serial form.
this.inflate();
// Write proper fields
s.defaultWriteObject();
}
/**
* Returns the length of the absolute value of a {@code long}, in decimal
* digits.
*
* @param x the {@code long}
* @return the length of the unscaled value, in deciaml digits.
*/
private static int longDigitLength(long x) {
/*
* As described in "Bit Twiddling Hacks" by Sean Anderson,
* (http://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html)
* integer log 10 of x is within 1 of
* (1233/4096)* (1 + integer log 2 of x).
* The fraction 1233/4096 approximates log10(2). So we first
* do a version of log2 (a variant of Long class with
* pre-checks and opposite directionality) and then scale and
* check against powers table. This is a little simpler in
* present context than the version in Hacker's Delight sec
* 11-4. Adding one to bit length allows comparing downward
* from the LONG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE that we need anyway.
*/
assert x != INFLATED;
if (x < 0)
x = -x;
if (x < 10) // must screen for 0, might as well 10
return 1;
int n = 64; // not 63, to avoid needing to add 1 later
int y = (int)(x >>> 32);
if (y == 0) { n -= 32; y = (int)x; }
if (y >>> 16 == 0) { n -= 16; y <<= 16; }
if (y >>> 24 == 0) { n -= 8; y <<= 8; }
if (y >>> 28 == 0) { n -= 4; y <<= 4; }
if (y >>> 30 == 0) { n -= 2; y <<= 2; }
int r = (((y >>> 31) + n) * 1233) >>> 12;
long[] tab = LONG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE;
// if r >= length, must have max possible digits for long
return (r >= tab.length || x < tab[r])? r : r+1;
}
/**
* Returns the length of the absolute value of a BigInteger, in
* decimal digits.
*
* @param b the BigInteger
* @return the length of the unscaled value, in decimal digits
*/
private static int bigDigitLength(BigInteger b) {
/*
* Same idea as the long version, but we need a better
* approximation of log10(2). Using 646456993/2^31
* is accurate up to max possible reported bitLength.
*/
if (b.signum == 0)
return 1;
int r = (int)((((long)b.bitLength() + 1) * 646456993) >>> 31);
return b.compareMagnitude(bigTenToThe(r)) < 0? r : r+1;
}
/**
* Remove insignificant trailing zeros from this
* {@code BigDecimal} until the preferred scale is reached or no
* more zeros can be removed. If the preferred scale is less than
* Integer.MIN_VALUE, all the trailing zeros will be removed.
*
* {@code BigInteger} assistance could help, here?
*
* <p>WARNING: This method should only be called on new objects as
* it mutates the value fields.
*
* @return this {@code BigDecimal} with a scale possibly reduced
* to be closed to the preferred scale.
*/
private BigDecimal stripZerosToMatchScale(long preferredScale) {
this.inflate();
BigInteger qr[]; // quotient-remainder pair
while ( intVal.compareMagnitude(BigInteger.TEN) >= 0 &&
scale > preferredScale) {
if (intVal.testBit(0))
break; // odd number cannot end in 0
qr = intVal.divideAndRemainder(BigInteger.TEN);
if (qr[1].signum() != 0)
break; // non-0 remainder
intVal=qr[0];
scale = checkScale((long)scale-1); // could Overflow
if (precision > 0) // adjust precision if known
precision--;
}
if (intVal != null)
intCompact = compactValFor(intVal);
return this;
}
/**
* Check a scale for Underflow or Overflow. If this BigDecimal is
* nonzero, throw an exception if the scale is outof range. If this
* is zero, saturate the scale to the extreme value of the right
* sign if the scale is out of range.
*
* @param val The new scale.
* @throws ArithmeticException (overflow or underflow) if the new
* scale is out of range.
* @return validated scale as an int.
*/
private int checkScale(long val) {
int asInt = (int)val;
if (asInt != val) {
asInt = val>Integer.MAX_VALUE ? Integer.MAX_VALUE : Integer.MIN_VALUE;
BigInteger b;
if (intCompact != 0 &&
((b = intVal) == null || b.signum() != 0))
throw new ArithmeticException(asInt>0 ? "Underflow":"Overflow");
}
return asInt;
}
/**
* Round an operand; used only if digits > 0. Does not change
* {@code this}; if rounding is needed a new {@code BigDecimal}
* is created and returned.
*
* @param mc the context to use.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the result is inexact but the
* rounding mode is {@code UNNECESSARY}.
*/
private BigDecimal roundOp(MathContext mc) {
BigDecimal rounded = doRound(this, mc);
return rounded;
}
/** Round this BigDecimal according to the MathContext settings;
* used only if precision {@literal >} 0.
*
* <p>WARNING: This method should only be called on new objects as
* it mutates the value fields.
*
* @param mc the context to use.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the rounding mode is
* {@code RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY} and the
* {@code BigDecimal} operation would require rounding.
*/
private void roundThis(MathContext mc) {
BigDecimal rounded = doRound(this, mc);
if (rounded == this) // wasn't rounded
return;
this.intVal = rounded.intVal;
this.intCompact = rounded.intCompact;
this.scale = rounded.scale;
this.precision = rounded.precision;
}
/**
* Returns a {@code BigDecimal} rounded according to the
* MathContext settings; used only if {@code mc.precision > 0}.
* Does not change {@code this}; if rounding is needed a new
* {@code BigDecimal} is created and returned.
*
* @param mc the context to use.
* @return a {@code BigDecimal} rounded according to the MathContext
* settings. May return this, if no rounding needed.
* @throws ArithmeticException if the rounding mode is
* {@code RoundingMode.UNNECESSARY} and the
* result is inexact.
*/
private static BigDecimal doRound(BigDecimal d, MathContext mc) {
int mcp = mc.precision;
int drop;
// This might (rarely) iterate to cover the 999=>1000 case
while ((drop = d.precision() - mcp) > 0) {
int newScale = d.checkScale((long)d.scale - drop);
int mode = mc.roundingMode.oldMode;
if (drop < LONG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE.length)
d = divideAndRound(d.intCompact, d.intVal,
LONG_TEN_POWERS_TABLE[drop], null,
newScale, mode, newScale);
else
d = divideAndRound(d.intCompact, d.intVal,
INFLATED, bigTenToThe(drop),
newScale, mode, newScale);
}
return d;
}
/**
* Returns the compact value for given {@code BigInteger}, or
* INFLATED if too big. Relies on internal representation of
* {@code BigInteger}.
*/
private static long compactValFor(BigInteger b) {
int[] m = b.mag;
int len = m.length;
if (len == 0)
return 0;
int d = m[0];
if (len > 2 || (len == 2 && d < 0))
return INFLATED;
long u = (len == 2)?
(((long) m[1] & LONG_MASK) + (((long)d) << 32)) :
(((long)d) & LONG_MASK);
return (b.signum < 0)? -u : u;
}
private static int longCompareMagnitude(long x, long y) {
if (x < 0)
x = -x;
if (y < 0)
y = -y;
return (x < y) ? -1 : ((x == y) ? 0 : 1);
}
private static int saturateLong(long s) {
int i = (int)s;
return (s == i) ? i : (s < 0 ? Integer.MIN_VALUE : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
/*
* Internal printing routine
*/
private static void print(String name, BigDecimal bd) {
System.err.format("%s:\tintCompact %d\tintVal %d\tscale %d\tprecision %d%n",
name,
bd.intCompact,
bd.intVal,
bd.scale,
bd.precision);
}
/**
* Check internal invariants of this BigDecimal. These invariants
* include:
*
* <ul>
*
* <li>The object must be initialized; either intCompact must not be
* INFLATED or intVal is non-null. Both of these conditions may
* be true.
*
* <li>If both intCompact and intVal and set, their values must be
* consistent.
*
* <li>If precision is nonzero, it must have the right value.
* </ul>
*
* Note: Since this is an audit method, we are not supposed to change the
* state of this BigDecimal object.
*/
private BigDecimal audit() {
if (intCompact == INFLATED) {
if (intVal == null) {
print("audit", this);
throw new AssertionError("null intVal");
}
// Check precision
if (precision > 0 && precision != bigDigitLength(intVal)) {
print("audit", this);
throw new AssertionError("precision mismatch");
}
} else {
if (intVal != null) {
long val = intVal.longValue();
if (val != intCompact) {
print("audit", this);
throw new AssertionError("Inconsistent state, intCompact=" +
intCompact + "\t intVal=" + val);
}
}
// Check precision
if (precision > 0 && precision != longDigitLength(intCompact)) {
print("audit", this);
throw new AssertionError("precision mismatch");
}
}
return this;
}
}
/*
* Copyright (c) 1994, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*/
package java.lang;
import sun.misc.FloatingDecimal;
import sun.misc.FpUtils;
import sun.misc.DoubleConsts;
/**
* The {@code Double} class wraps a value of the primitive type
* {@code double} in an object. An object of type
* {@code Double} contains a single field whose type is
* {@code double}.
*
* <p>In addition, this class provides several methods for converting a
* {@code double} to a {@code String} and a
* {@code String} to a {@code double}, as well as other
* constants and methods useful when dealing with a
* {@code double}.
*
* @author Lee Boynton
* @author Arthur van Hoff
* @author Joseph D. Darcy
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public final class Double extends Number implements Comparable<Double> {
/**
* A constant holding the positive infinity of type
* {@code double}. It is equal to the value returned by
* {@code Double.longBitsToDouble(0x7ff0000000000000L)}.
*/
public static final double POSITIVE_INFINITY = 1.0 / 0.0;
/**
* A constant holding the negative infinity of type
* {@code double}. It is equal to the value returned by
* {@code Double.longBitsToDouble(0xfff0000000000000L)}.
*/
public static final double NEGATIVE_INFINITY = -1.0 / 0.0;
/**
* A constant holding a Not-a-Number (NaN) value of type
* {@code double}. It is equivalent to the value returned by
* {@code Double.longBitsToDouble(0x7ff8000000000000L)}.
*/
public static final double NaN = 0.0d / 0.0;
/**
* A constant holding the largest positive finite value of type
* {@code double},
* (2-2<sup>-52</sup>)·2<sup>1023</sup>. It is equal to
* the hexadecimal floating-point literal
* {@code 0x1.fffffffffffffP+1023} and also equal to
* {@code Double.longBitsToDouble(0x7fefffffffffffffL)}.
*/
public static final double MAX_VALUE = 0x1.fffffffffffffP+1023; // 1.7976931348623157e+308
/**
* A constant holding the smallest positive normal value of type
* {@code double}, 2<sup>-1022</sup>. It is equal to the
* hexadecimal floating-point literal {@code 0x1.0p-1022} and also
* equal to {@code Double.longBitsToDouble(0x0010000000000000L)}.
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public static final double MIN_NORMAL = 0x1.0p-1022; // 2.2250738585072014E-308
/**
* A constant holding the smallest positive nonzero value of type
* {@code double}, 2<sup>-1074</sup>. It is equal to the
* hexadecimal floating-point literal
* {@code 0x0.0000000000001P-1022} and also equal to
* {@code Double.longBitsToDouble(0x1L)}.
*/
public static final double MIN_VALUE = 0x0.0000000000001P-1022; // 4.9e-324
/**
* Maximum exponent a finite {@code double} variable may have.
* It is equal to the value returned by
* {@code Math.getExponent(Double.MAX_VALUE)}.
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public static final int MAX_EXPONENT = 1023;
/**
* Minimum exponent a normalized {@code double} variable may
* have. It is equal to the value returned by
* {@code Math.getExponent(Double.MIN_NORMAL)}.
*
* @since 1.6
*/
public static final int MIN_EXPONENT = -1022;
/**
* The number of bits used to represent a {@code double} value.
*
* @since 1.5
*/
public static final int SIZE = 64;
/**
* The {@code Class} instance representing the primitive type
* {@code double}.
*
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public static final Class<Double> TYPE = (Class<Double>) Class.getPrimitiveClass("double");
/**
* Returns a string representation of the {@code double}
* argument. All characters mentioned below are ASCII characters.
* <ul>
* <li>If the argument is NaN, the result is the string
* "{@code NaN}".
* <li>Otherwise, the result is a string that represents the sign and
* magnitude (absolute value) of the argument. If the sign is negative,
* the first character of the result is '{@code -}'
* (<code>'\u002D'</code>); if the sign is positive, no sign character
* appears in the result. As for the magnitude <i>m</i>:
* <ul>
* <li>If <i>m</i> is infinity, it is represented by the characters
* {@code "Infinity"}; thus, positive infinity produces the result
* {@code "Infinity"} and negative infinity produces the result
* {@code "-Infinity"}.
*
* <li>If <i>m</i> is zero, it is represented by the characters
* {@code "0.0"}; thus, negative zero produces the result
* {@code "-0.0"} and positive zero produces the result
* {@code "0.0"}.
*
* <li>If <i>m</i> is greater than or equal to 10<sup>-3</sup> but less
* than 10<sup>7</sup>, then it is represented as the integer part of
* <i>m</i>, in decimal form with no leading zeroes, followed by
* '{@code .}' (<code>'\u002E'</code>), followed by one or
* more decimal digits representing the fractional part of <i>m</i>.
*
* <li>If <i>m</i> is less than 10<sup>-3</sup> or greater than or
* equal to 10<sup>7</sup>, then it is represented in so-called
* "computerized scientific notation." Let <i>n</i> be the unique
* integer such that 10<sup><i>n</i></sup> ≤ <i>m</i> {@literal <}
* 10<sup><i>n</i>+1</sup>; then let <i>a</i> be the
* mathematically exact quotient of <i>m</i> and
* 10<sup><i>n</i></sup> so that 1 ≤ <i>a</i> {@literal <} 10. The
* magnitude is then represented as the integer part of <i>a</i>,
* as a single decimal digit, followed by '{@code .}'
* (<code>'\u002E'</code>), followed by decimal digits
* representing the fractional part of <i>a</i>, followed by the
* letter '{@code E}' (<code>'\u0045'</code>), followed
* by a representation of <i>n</i> as a decimal integer, as
* produced by the method {@link Integer#toString(int)}.
* </ul>
* </ul>
* How many digits must be printed for the fractional part of
* <i>m</i> or <i>a</i>? There must be at least one digit to represent
* the fractional part, and beyond that as many, but only as many, more
* digits as are needed to uniquely distinguish the argument value from
* adjacent values of type {@code double}. That is, suppose that
* <i>x</i> is the exact mathematical value represented by the decimal
* representation produced by this method for a finite nonzero argument
* <i>d</i>. Then <i>d</i> must be the {@code double} value nearest
* to <i>x</i>; or if two {@code double} values are equally close
* to <i>x</i>, then <i>d</i> must be one of them and the least
* significant bit of the significand of <i>d</i> must be {@code 0}.
*
* <p>To create localized string representations of a floating-point
* value, use subclasses of {@link java.text.NumberFormat}.
*
* @param d the {@code double} to be converted.
* @return a string representation of the argument.
*/
public static String toString(double d) {
return new FloatingDecimal(d).toJavaFormatString();
}
/**
* Returns a hexadecimal string representation of the
* {@code double} argument. All characters mentioned below
* are ASCII characters.
*
* <ul>
* <li>If the argument is NaN, the result is the string
* "{@code NaN}".
* <li>Otherwise, the result is a string that represents the sign
* and magnitude of the argument. If the sign is negative, the
* first character of the result is '{@code -}'
* (<code>'\u002D'</code>); if the sign is positive, no sign
* character appears in the result. As for the magnitude <i>m</i>:
*
* <ul>
* <li>If <i>m</i> is infinity, it is represented by the string
* {@code "Infinity"}; thus, positive infinity produces the
* result {@code "Infinity"} and negative infinity produces
* the result {@code "-Infinity"}.
*
* <li>If <i>m</i> is zero, it is represented by the string
* {@code "0x0.0p0"}; thus, negative zero produces the result
* {@code "-0x0.0p0"} and positive zero produces the result
* {@code "0x0.0p0"}.
*
* <li>If <i>m</i> is a {@code double} value with a
* normalized representation, substrings are used to represent the
* significand and exponent fields. The significand is
* represented by the characters {@code "0x1."}
* followed by a lowercase hexadecimal representation of the rest
* of the significand as a fraction. Trailing zeros in the
* hexadecimal representation are removed unless all the digits
* are zero, in which case a single zero is used. Next, the
* exponent is represented by {@code "p"} followed
* by a decimal string of the unbiased exponent as if produced by
* a call to {@link Integer#toString(int) Integer.toString} on the
* exponent value.
*
* <li>If <i>m</i> is a {@code double} value with a subnormal
* representation, the significand is represented by the
* characters {@code "0x0."} followed by a
* hexadecimal representation of the rest of the significand as a
* fraction. Trailing zeros in the hexadecimal representation are
* removed. Next, the exponent is represented by
* {@code "p-1022"}. Note that there must be at
* least one nonzero digit in a subnormal significand.
*
* </ul>
*
* </ul>
*
* <table border>
* <caption><h3>Examples</h3></caption>
* <tr><th>Floating-point Value</th><th>Hexadecimal String</th>
* <tr><td>{@code 1.0}</td> <td>{@code 0x1.0p0}</td>
* <tr><td>{@code -1.0}</td> <td>{@code -0x1.0p0}</td>
* <tr><td>{@code 2.0}</td> <td>{@code 0x1.0p1}</td>
* <tr><td>{@code 3.0}</td> <td>{@code 0x1.8p1}</td>
* <tr><td>{@code 0.5}</td> <td>{@code 0x1.0p-1}</td>
* <tr><td>{@code 0.25}</td> <td>{@code 0x1.0p-2}</td>
* <tr><td>{@code Double.MAX_VALUE}</td>
* <td>{@code 0x1.fffffffffffffp1023}</td>
* <tr><td>{@code Minimum Normal Value}</td>
* <td>{@code 0x1.0p-1022}</td>
* <tr><td>{@code Maximum Subnormal Value}</td>
* <td>{@code 0x0.fffffffffffffp-1022}</td>
* <tr><td>{@code Double.MIN_VALUE}</td>
* <td>{@code 0x0.0000000000001p-1022}</td>
* </table>
* @param d the {@code double} to be converted.
* @return a hex string representation of the argument.
* @since 1.5
* @author Joseph D. Darcy
*/
public static String toHexString(double d) {
/*
* Modeled after the "a" conversion specifier in C99, section
* 7.19.6.1; however, the output of this method is more
* tightly specified.
*/
if (!FpUtils.isFinite(d) )
// For infinity and NaN, use the decimal output.
return Double.toString(d);
else {
// Initialized to maximum size of output.
StringBuffer answer = new StringBuffer(24);
if (FpUtils.rawCopySign(1.0, d) == -1.0) // value is negative,
answer.append("-"); // so append sign info
answer.append("0x");
d = Math.abs(d);
if(d == 0.0) {
answer.append("0.0p0");
}
else {
boolean subnormal = (d < DoubleConsts.MIN_NORMAL);
// Isolate significand bits and OR in a high-order bit
// so that the string representation has a known
// length.
long signifBits = (Double.doubleToLongBits(d)
& DoubleConsts.SIGNIF_BIT_MASK) |
0x1000000000000000L;
// Subnormal values have a 0 implicit bit; normal
// values have a 1 implicit bit.
answer.append(subnormal ? "0." : "1.");
// Isolate the low-order 13 digits of the hex
// representation. If all the digits are zero,
// replace with a single 0; otherwise, remove all
// trailing zeros.
String signif = Long.toHexString(signifBits).substring(3,16);
answer.append(signif.equals("0000000000000") ? // 13 zeros
"0":
signif.replaceFirst("0{1,12}$", ""));
// If the value is subnormal, use the E_min exponent
// value for double; otherwise, extract and report d's
// exponent (the representation of a subnormal uses
// E_min -1).
answer.append("p" + (subnormal ?
DoubleConsts.MIN_EXPONENT:
FpUtils.getExponent(d) ));
}
return answer.toString();
}
}
/**
* Returns a {@code Double} object holding the
* {@code double} value represented by the argument string
* {@code s}.
*
* <p>If {@code s} is {@code null}, then a
* {@code NullPointerException} is thrown.
*
* <p>Leading and trailing whitespace characters in {@code s}
* are ignored. Whitespace is removed as if by the {@link
* String#trim} method; that is, both ASCII space and control
* characters are removed. The rest of {@code s} should
* constitute a <i>FloatValue</i> as described by the lexical
* syntax rules:
*
* <blockquote>
* <dl>
* <dt><i>FloatValue:</i>
* <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> {@code NaN}
* <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> {@code Infinity}
* <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub> FloatingPointLiteral</i>
* <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub> HexFloatingPointLiteral</i>
* <dd><i>SignedInteger</i>
* </dl>
*
* <p>
*
* <dl>
* <dt><i>HexFloatingPointLiteral</i>:
* <dd> <i>HexSignificand BinaryExponent FloatTypeSuffix<sub>opt</sub></i>
* </dl>
*
* <p>
*
* <dl>
* <dt><i>HexSignificand:</i>
* <dd><i>HexNumeral</i>
* <dd><i>HexNumeral</i> {@code .}
* <dd>{@code 0x} <i>HexDigits<sub>opt</sub>
* </i>{@code .}<i> HexDigits</i>
* <dd>{@code 0X}<i> HexDigits<sub>opt</sub>
* </i>{@code .} <i>HexDigits</i>
* </dl>
*
* <p>
*
* <dl>
* <dt><i>BinaryExponent:</i>
* <dd><i>BinaryExponentIndicator SignedInteger</i>
* </dl>
*
* <p>
*
* <dl>
* <dt><i>BinaryExponentIndicator:</i>
* <dd>{@code p}
* <dd>{@code P}
* </dl>
*
* </blockquote>
*
* where <i>Sign</i>, <i>FloatingPointLiteral</i>,
* <i>HexNumeral</i>, <i>HexDigits</i>, <i>SignedInteger</i> and
* <i>FloatTypeSuffix</i> are as defined in the lexical structure
* sections of
* <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>,
* except that underscores are not accepted between digits.
* If {@code s} does not have the form of
* a <i>FloatValue</i>, then a {@code NumberFormatException}
* is thrown. Otherwise, {@code s} is regarded as
* representing an exact decimal value in the usual
* "computerized scientific notation" or as an exact
* hexadecimal value; this exact numerical value is then
* conceptually converted to an "infinitely precise"
* binary value that is then rounded to type {@code double}
* by the usual round-to-nearest rule of IEEE 754 floating-point
* arithmetic, which includes preserving the sign of a zero
* value.
*
* Note that the round-to-nearest rule also implies overflow and
* underflow behaviour; if the exact value of {@code s} is large
* enough in magnitude (greater than or equal to ({@link
* #MAX_VALUE} + {@link Math#ulp(double) ulp(MAX_VALUE)}/2),
* rounding to {@code double} will result in an infinity and if the
* exact value of {@code s} is small enough in magnitude (less
* than or equal to {@link #MIN_VALUE}/2), rounding to float will
* result in a zero.
*
* Finally, after rounding a {@code Double} object representing
* this {@code double} value is returned.
*
* <p> To interpret localized string representations of a
* floating-point value, use subclasses of {@link
* java.text.NumberFormat}.
*
* <p>Note that trailing format specifiers, specifiers that
* determine the type of a floating-point literal
* ({@code 1.0f} is a {@code float} value;
* {@code 1.0d} is a {@code double} value), do
* <em>not</em> influence the results of this method. In other
* words, the numerical value of the input string is converted
* directly to the target floating-point type. The two-step
* sequence of conversions, string to {@code float} followed
* by {@code float} to {@code double}, is <em>not</em>
* equivalent to converting a string directly to
* {@code double}. For example, the {@code float}
* literal {@code 0.1f} is equal to the {@code double}
* value {@code 0.10000000149011612}; the {@code float}
* literal {@code 0.1f} represents a different numerical
* value than the {@code double} literal
* {@code 0.1}. (The numerical value 0.1 cannot be exactly
* represented in a binary floating-point number.)
*
* <p>To avoid calling this method on an invalid string and having
* a {@code NumberFormatException} be thrown, the regular
* expression below can be used to screen the input string:
*
* <code>
* <pre>
* final String Digits = "(\\p{Digit}+)";
* final String HexDigits = "(\\p{XDigit}+)";
* // an exponent is 'e' or 'E' followed by an optionally
* // signed decimal integer.
* final String Exp = "[eE][+-]?"+Digits;
* final String fpRegex =
* ("[\\x00-\\x20]*"+ // Optional leading "whitespace"
* "[+-]?(" + // Optional sign character
* "NaN|" + // "NaN" string
* "Infinity|" + // "Infinity" string
*
* // A decimal floating-point string representing a finite positive
* // number without a leading sign has at most five basic pieces:
* // Digits . Digits ExponentPart FloatTypeSuffix
* //
* // Since this method allows integer-only strings as input
* // in addition to strings of floating-point literals, the
* // two sub-patterns below are simplifications of the grammar
* // productions from section 3.10.2 of
* // <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>.
*
* // Digits ._opt Digits_opt ExponentPart_opt FloatTypeSuffix_opt
* "((("+Digits+"(\\.)?("+Digits+"?)("+Exp+")?)|"+
*
* // . Digits ExponentPart_opt FloatTypeSuffix_opt
* "(\\.("+Digits+")("+Exp+")?)|"+
*
* // Hexadecimal strings
* "((" +
* // 0[xX] HexDigits ._opt BinaryExponent FloatTypeSuffix_opt
* "(0[xX]" + HexDigits + "(\\.)?)|" +
*
* // 0[xX] HexDigits_opt . HexDigits BinaryExponent FloatTypeSuffix_opt
* "(0[xX]" + HexDigits + "?(\\.)" + HexDigits + ")" +
*
* ")[pP][+-]?" + Digits + "))" +
* "[fFdD]?))" +
* "[\\x00-\\x20]*");// Optional trailing "whitespace"
*
* if (Pattern.matches(fpRegex, myString))
* Double.valueOf(myString); // Will not throw NumberFormatException
* else {
* // Perform suitable alternative action
* }
* </pre>
* </code>
*
* @param s the string to be parsed.
* @return a {@code Double} object holding the value
* represented by the {@code String} argument.
* @throws NumberFormatException if the string does not contain a
* parsable number.
*/
public static Double valueOf(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
return new Double(FloatingDecimal.readJavaFormatString(s).doubleValue());
}
/**
* Returns a {@code Double} instance representing the specified
* {@code double} value.
* If a new {@code Double} instance is not required, this method
* should generally be used in preference to the constructor
* {@link #Double(double)}, as this method is likely to yield
* significantly better space and time performance by caching
* frequently requested values.
*
* @param d a double value.
* @return a {@code Double} instance representing {@code d}.
* @since 1.5
*/
public static Double valueOf(double d) {
return new Double(d);
}
/**
* Returns a new {@code double} initialized to the value
* represented by the specified {@code String}, as performed
* by the {@code valueOf} method of class
* {@code Double}.
*
* @param s the string to be parsed.
* @return the {@code double} value represented by the string
* argument.
* @throws NullPointerException if the string is null
* @throws NumberFormatException if the string does not contain
* a parsable {@code double}.
* @see java.lang.Double#valueOf(String)
* @since 1.2
*/
public static double parseDouble(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
return FloatingDecimal.readJavaFormatString(s).doubleValue();
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the specified number is a
* Not-a-Number (NaN) value, {@code false} otherwise.
*
* @param v the value to be tested.
* @return {@code true} if the value of the argument is NaN;
* {@code false} otherwise.
*/
static public boolean isNaN(double v) {
return (v != v);
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the specified number is infinitely
* large in magnitude, {@code false} otherwise.
*
* @param v the value to be tested.
* @return {@code true} if the value of the argument is positive
* infinity or negative infinity; {@code false} otherwise.
*/
static public boolean isInfinite(double v) {
return (v == POSITIVE_INFINITY) || (v == NEGATIVE_INFINITY);
}
/**
* The value of the Double.
*
* @serial
*/
private final double value;
/**
* Constructs a newly allocated {@code Double} object that
* represents the primitive {@code double} argument.
*
* @param value the value to be represented by the {@code Double}.
*/
public Double(double value) {
this.value = value;
}
/**
* Constructs a newly allocated {@code Double} object that
* represents the floating-point value of type {@code double}
* represented by the string. The string is converted to a
* {@code double} value as if by the {@code valueOf} method.
*
* @param s a string to be converted to a {@code Double}.
* @throws NumberFormatException if the string does not contain a
* parsable number.
* @see java.lang.Double#valueOf(java.lang.String)
*/
public Double(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
// REMIND: this is inefficient
this(valueOf(s).doubleValue());
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this {@code Double} value is
* a Not-a-Number (NaN), {@code false} otherwise.
*
* @return {@code true} if the value represented by this object is
* NaN; {@code false} otherwise.
*/
public boolean isNaN() {
return isNaN(value);
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this {@code Double} value is
* infinitely large in magnitude, {@code false} otherwise.
*
* @return {@code true} if the value represented by this object is
* positive infinity or negative infinity;
* {@code false} otherwise.
*/
public boolean isInfinite() {
return isInfinite(value);
}
/**
* Returns a string representation of this {@code Double} object.
* The primitive {@code double} value represented by this
* object is converted to a string exactly as if by the method
* {@code toString} of one argument.
*
* @return a {@code String} representation of this object.
* @see java.lang.Double#toString(double)
*/
public String toString() {
return toString(value);
}
/**
* Returns the value of this {@code Double} as a {@code byte} (by
* casting to a {@code byte}).
*
* @return the {@code double} value represented by this object
* converted to type {@code byte}
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public byte byteValue() {
return (byte)value;
}
/**
* Returns the value of this {@code Double} as a
* {@code short} (by casting to a {@code short}).
*
* @return the {@code double} value represented by this object
* converted to type {@code short}
* @since JDK1.1
*/
public short shortValue() {
return (short)value;
}
/**
* Returns the value of this {@code Double} as an
* {@code int} (by casting to type {@code int}).
*
* @return the {@code double} value represented by this object
* converted to type {@code int}
*/
public int intValue() {
return (int)value;
}
/**
* Returns the value of this {@code Double} as a
* {@code long} (by casting to type {@code long}).
*
* @return the {@code double} value represented by this object
* converted to type {@code long}
*/
public long longValue() {
return (long)value;
}
/**
* Returns the {@code float} value of this
* {@code Double} object.
*
* @return the {@code double} value represented by this object
* converted to type {@code float}
* @since JDK1.0
*/
public float floatValue() {
return (float)value;
}
/**
* Returns the {@code double} value of this
* {@code Double} object.
*
* @return the {@code double} value represented by this object
*/
public double doubleValue() {
return (double)value;
}
/**
* Returns a hash code for this {@code Double} object. The
* result is the exclusive OR of the two halves of the
* {@code long} integer bit representation, exactly as
* produced by the method {@link #doubleToLongBits(double)}, of
* the primitive {@code double} value represented by this
* {@code Double} object. That is, the hash code is the value
* of the expression:
*
* <blockquote>
* {@code (int)(v^(v>>>32))}
* </blockquote>
*
* where {@code v} is defined by:
*
* <blockquote>
* {@code long v = Double.doubleToLongBits(this.doubleValue());}
* </blockquote>
*
* @return a {@code hash code} value for this object.
*/
public int hashCode() {
long bits = doubleToLongBits(value);
return (int)(bits ^ (bits >>> 32));
}
/**
* Compares this object against the specified object. The result
* is {@code true} if and only if the argument is not
* {@code null} and is a {@code Double} object that
* represents a {@code double} that has the same value as the
* {@code double} represented by this object. For this
* purpose, two {@code double} values are considered to be
* the same if and only if the method {@link
* #doubleToLongBits(double)} returns the identical
* {@code long} value when applied to each.
*
* <p>Note that in most cases, for two instances of class
* {@code Double}, {@code d1} and {@code d2}, the
* value of {@code d1.equals(d2)} is {@code true} if and
* only if
*
* <blockquote>
* {@code d1.doubleValue() == d2.doubleValue()}
* </blockquote>
*
* <p>also has the value {@code true}. However, there are two
* exceptions:
* <ul>
* <li>If {@code d1} and {@code d2} both represent
* {@code Double.NaN}, then the {@code equals} method
* returns {@code true}, even though
* {@code Double.NaN==Double.NaN} has the value
* {@code false}.
* <li>If {@code d1} represents {@code +0.0} while
* {@code d2} represents {@code -0.0}, or vice versa,
* the {@code equal} test has the value {@code false},
* even though {@code +0.0==-0.0} has the value {@code true}.
* </ul>
* This definition allows hash tables to operate properly.
* @param obj the object to compare with.
* @return {@code true} if the objects are the same;
* {@code false} otherwise.
* @see java.lang.Double#doubleToLongBits(double)
*/
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return (obj instanceof Double)
&& (doubleToLongBits(((Double)obj).value) ==
doubleToLongBits(value));
}
/**
* Returns a representation of the specified floating-point value
* according to the IEEE 754 floating-point "double
* format" bit layout.
*
* <p>Bit 63 (the bit that is selected by the mask
* {@code 0x8000000000000000L}) represents the sign of the
* floating-point number. Bits
* 62-52 (the bits that are selected by the mask
* {@code 0x7ff0000000000000L}) represent the exponent. Bits 51-0
* (the bits that are selected by the mask
* {@code 0x000fffffffffffffL}) represent the significand
* (sometimes called the mantissa) of the floating-point number.
*
* <p>If the argument is positive infinity, the result is
* {@code 0x7ff0000000000000L}.
*
* <p>If the argument is negative infinity, the result is
* {@code 0xfff0000000000000L}.
*
* <p>If the argument is NaN, the result is
* {@code 0x7ff8000000000000L}.
*
* <p>In all cases, the result is a {@code long} integer that, when
* given to the {@link #longBitsToDouble(long)} method, will produce a
* floating-point value the same as the argument to
* {@code doubleToLongBits} (except all NaN values are
* collapsed to a single "canonical" NaN value).
*
* @param value a {@code double} precision floating-point number.
* @return the bits that represent the floating-point number.
*/
public static long doubleToLongBits(double value) {
long result = doubleToRawLongBits(value);
// Check for NaN based on values of bit fields, maximum
// exponent and nonzero significand.
if ( ((result & DoubleConsts.EXP_BIT_MASK) ==
DoubleConsts.EXP_BIT_MASK) &&
(result & DoubleConsts.SIGNIF_BIT_MASK) != 0L)
result = 0x7ff8000000000000L;
return result;
}
/**
* Returns a representation of the specified floating-point value
* according to the IEEE 754 floating-point "double
* format" bit layout, preserving Not-a-Number (NaN) values.
*
* <p>Bit 63 (the bit that is selected by the mask
* {@code 0x8000000000000000L}) represents the sign of the
* floating-point number. Bits
* 62-52 (the bits that are selected by the mask
* {@code 0x7ff0000000000000L}) represent the exponent. Bits 51-0
* (the bits that are selected by the mask
* {@code 0x000fffffffffffffL}) represent the significand
* (sometimes called the mantissa) of the floating-point number.
*
* <p>If the argument is positive infinity, the result is
* {@code 0x7ff0000000000000L}.
*
* <p>If the argument is negative infinity, the result is
* {@code 0xfff0000000000000L}.
*
* <p>If the argument is NaN, the result is the {@code long}
* integer representing the actual NaN value. Unlike the
* {@code doubleToLongBits} method,
* {@code doubleToRawLongBits} does not collapse all the bit
* patterns encoding a NaN to a single "canonical" NaN
* value.
*
* <p>In all cases, the result is a {@code long} integer that,
* when given to the {@link #longBitsToDouble(long)} method, will
* produce a floating-point value the same as the argument to
* {@code doubleToRawLongBits}.
*
* @param value a {@code double} precision floating-point number.
* @return the bits that represent the floating-point number.
* @since 1.3
*/
public static native long doubleToRawLongBits(double value);
/**
* Returns the {@code double} value corresponding to a given
* bit representation.
* The argument is considered to be a representation of a
* floating-point value according to the IEEE 754 floating-point
* "double format" bit layout.
*
* <p>If the argument is {@code 0x7ff0000000000000L}, the result
* is positive infinity.
*
* <p>If the argument is {@code 0xfff0000000000000L}, the result
* is negative infinity.
*
* <p>If the argument is any value in the range
* {@code 0x7ff0000000000001L} through
* {@code 0x7fffffffffffffffL} or in the range
* {@code 0xfff0000000000001L} through
* {@code 0xffffffffffffffffL}, the result is a NaN. No IEEE
* 754 floating-point operation provided by Java can distinguish
* between two NaN values of the same type with different bit
* patterns. Distinct values of NaN are only distinguishable by
* use of the {@code Double.doubleToRawLongBits} method.
*
* <p>In all other cases, let <i>s</i>, <i>e</i>, and <i>m</i> be three
* values that can be computed from the argument:
*
* <blockquote><pre>
* int s = ((bits >> 63) == 0) ? 1 : -1;
* int e = (int)((bits >> 52) & 0x7ffL);
* long m = (e == 0) ?
* (bits & 0xfffffffffffffL) << 1 :
* (bits & 0xfffffffffffffL) | 0x10000000000000L;
* </pre></blockquote>
*
* Then the floating-point result equals the value of the mathematical
* expression <i>s</i>·<i>m</i>·2<sup><i>e</i>-1075</sup>.
*
* <p>Note that this method may not be able to return a
* {@code double} NaN with exactly same bit pattern as the
* {@code long} argument. IEEE 754 distinguishes between two
* kinds of NaNs, quiet NaNs and <i>signaling NaNs</i>. The
* differences between the two kinds of NaN are generally not
* visible in Java. Arithmetic operations on signaling NaNs turn
* them into quiet NaNs with a different, but often similar, bit
* pattern. However, on some processors merely copying a
* signaling NaN also performs that conversion. In particular,
* copying a signaling NaN to return it to the calling method
* may perform this conversion. So {@code longBitsToDouble}
* may not be able to return a {@code double} with a
* signaling NaN bit pattern. Consequently, for some
* {@code long} values,
* {@code doubleToRawLongBits(longBitsToDouble(start))} may
* <i>not</i> equal {@code start}. Moreover, which
* particular bit patterns represent signaling NaNs is platform
* dependent; although all NaN bit patterns, quiet or signaling,
* must be in the NaN range identified above.
*
* @param bits any {@code long} integer.
* @return the {@code double} floating-point value with the same
* bit pattern.
*/
public static native double longBitsToDouble(long bits);
/**
* Compares two {@code Double} objects numerically. There
* are two ways in which comparisons performed by this method
* differ from those performed by the Java language numerical
* comparison operators ({@code <, <=, ==, >=, >})
* when applied to primitive {@code double} values:
* <ul><li>
* {@code Double.NaN} is considered by this method
* to be equal to itself and greater than all other
* {@code double} values (including
* {@code Double.POSITIVE_INFINITY}).
* <li>
* {@code 0.0d} is considered by this method to be greater
* than {@code -0.0d}.
* </ul>
* This ensures that the <i>natural ordering</i> of
* {@code Double} objects imposed by this method is <i>consistent
* with equals</i>.
*
* @param anotherDouble the {@code Double} to be compared.
* @return the value {@code 0} if {@code anotherDouble} is
* numerically equal to this {@code Double}; a value
* less than {@code 0} if this {@code Double}
* is numerically less than {@code anotherDouble};
* and a value greater than {@code 0} if this
* {@code Double} is numerically greater than
* {@code anotherDouble}.
*
* @since 1.2
*/
public int compareTo(Double anotherDouble) {
return Double.compare(value, anotherDouble.value);
}
/**
* Compares the two specified {@code double} values. The sign
* of the integer value returned is the same as that of the
* integer that would be returned by the call:
* <pre>
* new Double(d1).compareTo(new Double(d2))
* </pre>
*
* @param d1 the first {@code double} to compare
* @param d2 the second {@code double} to compare
* @return the value {@code 0} if {@code d1} is
* numerically equal to {@code d2}; a value less than
* {@code 0} if {@code d1} is numerically less than
* {@code d2}; and a value greater than {@code 0}
* if {@code d1} is numerically greater than
* {@code d2}.
* @since 1.4
*/
public static int compare(double d1, double d2) {
if (d1 < d2)
return -1; // Neither val is NaN, thisVal is smaller
if (d1 > d2)
return 1; // Neither val is NaN, thisVal is larger
// Cannot use doubleToRawLongBits because of possibility of NaNs.
long thisBits = Double.doubleToLongBits(d1);
long anotherBits = Double.doubleToLongBits(d2);
return (thisBits == anotherBits ? 0 : // Values are equal
(thisBits < anotherBits ? -1 : // (-0.0, 0.0) or (!NaN, NaN)
1)); // (0.0, -0.0) or (NaN, !NaN)
}
/** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */
private static final long serialVersionUID = -9172774392245257468L;
}
package testaa;
import java.math.BigDecimal;
public class test01 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
System.out.println("Double.toString(10.22)=== "+Double.toString(2));
BigDecimal b1 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(10.22));
BigDecimal b2 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString((long)10.22));
System.out.println("BigDecimal b1 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(10.22)) == "+ b1);
System.out.println("BigDecimal b2 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString((long)10.22)) == "+ b2);
System.out.println("(long)10.22 == "+(long)10.22);
System.out.println("b1.subtract(b2) === "+b1.subtract(b2));
System.out.println("b1.subtract(b2).doubleValue() == "+ b1.subtract(b2).doubleValue());
}
}
Double.toString(10.22)=== 2.0
BigDecimal b1 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString(10.22)) == 10.22
BigDecimal b2 = new BigDecimal(Double.toString((long)10.22)) == 10.0
(long)10.22 == 10
b1.subtract(b2) === 0.22
b1.subtract(b2).doubleValue() == 0.22
