1. 查看无线网卡的信息
iwconfig输入类似如下结果
rmnetctl no wireless extensions.
wlan0 IEEE 802.11abgn ESSID:off/any
Mode:Managed Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=31 dBm
Retry long limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off
Power Management:on
dummy0 no wireless extensions.
enx00044b6697cd no wireless extensions.
ip6tnl0 no wireless extensions.
sit0 no wireless extensions.
lo no wireless extensions.
tunl0 no wireless extensions.注意: 需要在你的无线网卡存在, 且无线网卡驱动安装后, 才会检测到类似上面的wlan0的网卡项. 如果没有网卡项, 请先确认您的机子上存在无线网卡, 且驱动正确安装.
2. 启动无线网卡项
sudo ip link set wlan0 up3. 扫描所检测到的无线网络
sudo iw dev wlan0 scan | less输出如下
BSS f0:b4:29:61:92:ef(on wlan0)
TSF: 9516218618 usec (0d, 02:38:36)
freq: 2447
beacon interval: 100 TUs
capability: ESS Privacy ShortSlotTime APSD (0x0c11)
signal: -58.00 dBm
last seen: 10 ms ago
Information elements from Probe Response frame:
SSID: Xiaomi_517
Supported rates: 1.0* 2.0* 5.5* 11.0* 9.0 18.0 36.0 54.0
DS Parameter set: channel 8
ERP: Barker_Preamble_Mode
Extended supported rates: 6.0 12.0 24.0 48.0
HT capabilities:
Capabilities: 0x6c
HT20
SM Power Save disabled
RX HT20 SGI
RX HT40 SGI
No RX STBC
Max AMSDU length: 3839 bytes
No DSSS/CCK HT40
Maximum RX AMPDU length 65535 bytes (exponent: 0x003)
Minimum RX AMPDU time spacing: 4 usec (0x05)
HT RX MCS rate indexes supported: 0-15
HT TX MCS rate indexes are undefined
HT operation:
* primary channel: 8
* secondary channel offset: no secondary
* STA channel width: 20 MHz
* RIFS: 0
* HT protection: no
* non-GF present: 0
* OBSS non-GF present: 0
* dual beacon: 0
* dual CTS protection: 0
* STBC beacon: 0
* L-SIG TXOP Prot: 0
* PCO active: 0
* PCO phase: 0
WPA: * Version: 1
* Group cipher: TKIP
* Pairwise ciphers: TKIP CCMP
* Authentication suites: PSK
RSN: * Version: 1
* Group cipher: TKIP
* Pairwise ciphers: TKIP CCMP
* Authentication suites: PSK
* Capabilities: 1-PTKSA-RC 1-GTKSA-RC (0x0000)
WMM: * Parameter version 1
* u-APSD
* BE: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 3
* BK: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 7
* VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN 2, TXOP 3008 usec
* VO: CW 3-7, AIFSN 2, TXOP 1504 usec
BSS Load:
* station count: 0
* channel utilisation: 19/255
* available admission capacity: 31250 [*32us]
Country: CN Environment: Indoor/Outdoor
Channels [1 - 13] @ 16 dBm
WPS: * Version: 1.0
* Wi-Fi Protected Setup State: 2 (Configured)
* Response Type: 3 (AP)
* UUID: 28802880-2880-1880-a880-f0b4296192ef
* Manufacturer: xiaomi
* Model: R1CM
* Model Number: 0002
* Serial Number: 12345678
* Primary Device Type: 6-0050f204-1
* Device name: XiaoMiRouter
* Config methods: Label, Display, Keypad
* RF Bands: 0x1
* Unknown TLV (0x1049, 6 bytes): 00 37 2a 00 01 20
BSS b0:c5:54:81:0d:aa(on wlan0)
TSF: 9516218240 usec (0d, 02:38:36)
freq: 2412
beacon interval: 100 TUs
capability: ESS Privacy ShortPreamble ShortSlotTime (0x0431)
signal: -65.00 dBm
last seen: 10 ms ago
Information elements from Probe Response frame:
SSID: CSR
Supported rates: 1.0* 2.0* 5.5* 11.0* 6.0 9.0 12.0 18.0
DS Parameter set: channel 1
ERP: <no flags>
Extended supported rates: 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0
HT capabilities:
Capabilities: 0x186e
HT20/HT40
SM Power Save disabled
RX HT20 SGI
RX HT40 SGI
No RX STBC
Max AMSDU length: 7935 bytes
DSSS/CCK HT40
Maximum RX AMPDU length 32767 bytes (exponent: 0x002)
Minimum RX AMPDU time spacing: 16 usec (0x07)
HT RX MCS rate indexes supported: 0-15
HT TX MCS rate indexes are undefined
HT operation:
* primary channel: 1
* secondary channel offset: above
* STA channel width: any
* RIFS: 0
* HT protection: nonmember
* non-GF present: 0
* OBSS non-GF present: 1
* dual beacon: 0
* dual CTS protection: 0
* STBC beacon: 0
* L-SIG TXOP Prot: 0
* PCO active: 0
* PCO phase: 0
WPA: * Version: 1
* Group cipher: TKIP
* Pairwise ciphers: TKIP CCMP
* Authentication suites: PSK
RSN: * Version: 1
* Group cipher: TKIP
* Pairwise ciphers: TKIP CCMP
* Authentication suites: PSK
* Capabilities: 1-PTKSA-RC 1-GTKSA-RC (0x0000)
WMM: * Parameter version 1
* u-APSD
* BE: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 3
* BK: CW 15-1023, AIFSN 7
* VI: CW 7-15, AIFSN 2, TXOP 3008 usec
* VO: CW 3-7, AIFSN 2, TXOP 1504 usec
WPS: * Version: 1.0
* Wi-Fi Protected Setup State: 2 (Configured)
* Response Type: 3 (AP)
* UUID: 63041253-1019-2006-1228-b0c554810daa
* Manufacturer: D-Link Systems
* Model: DIR-619L
* Model Number: DIR-619L
* Serial Number: 20070413-0001
* Primary Device Type: 6-0050f204-1
* Device name: DIR-619L
* Config methods: Display, PBC
* Unknown TLV (0x1049, 6 bytes): 00 37 2a 00 01 20上述的输出中描述了两个不同的wifi源, 我们所需要关注的项主要有两个, 一个是SSID, 这个项即为该wifi的名称, 如Xiaomi_517. 第二个项为WPA, WPA是一种网络加密协议, WPA的版本分为1和2, 从上面我们可以看到, WPA的版本号为1.
4. 连接网络
(1) 如果所连接的网络没有加密, 则可以轻松地直接连接
sudo iw dev wlan0 connect [网络 SSID](2) 如果网络是用较低级的协议, WEP加密的, 则也比较容易
sudo iw dev wlan0 connect [网络SSID] key 0:[WEP密钥](3) 如果网络使用的是WPA或者WPA2协议, 则稍微复杂
<1> 安装wpasupplicant
sudo apt install wpasupplicant<2> 设置配置文件
sudo vim /etc/wpasupplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf如果已有该文件, 则备份原有文件, 在新文件中加入如下内容
ctrl_interface=/var/run/wpa_supplicant
ap_scan=1
network={
ssid="[your SSID name]"
psk="[your WiFi password]"
priority=1
}<3> 以上述配置文件启动wpa_supplicant
sudo wpa_supplicant -i wlan0 -c /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf &在该命令中, 最后的&符号意思为将该命令挂到后台运行.
若执行上述命令后出现CONNECTED, 则说明启动成功, 若出现CHANGE或REJECT或其他的, 则说明启动失败.
5. 为本机获取IP地址
sudo dhclient wlan06. 检查是否成功连接WIFI
通过iwconfig命令, 查看wlan0是否已经连接上相应SSID的WIFI, 或者通过ping尝试联网.
