开篇
ReentrantReadWriteLock是Lock的另一种实现方式，我们已经知道了ReentrantLock是一个排他锁，同一时间只允许一个线程访问，而ReentrantReadWriteLock允许多个读线程同时访问，但不允许写线程和读线程、写线程和写线程同时访问。
相对于排他锁，提高了并发性。在实际应用中，大部分情况下对共享数据（如缓存）的访问都是读操作远多于写操作，这时ReentrantReadWriteLock能够提供比排他锁更好的并发性和吞吐量。
这个系列主要是从源码层面讲解ReentrantReadWriteLock，总共分为3篇，欢迎订阅。
- ReentrantReadWriteLock的数据结构介绍
- java源码 - ReentrantReadWriteLock读锁介绍
- java源码 - ReentrantReadWriteLock写锁介绍
ReentrantReadWriteLock类
ReentrantReadWriteLock类包含三个核心变量：
readerLock：读锁。
writerLock：写锁。
sync：可以为公平锁FairSync 或 非公平锁NonfairSync。
ReentrantReadWriteLock类的构造函数执行以下几件事情：
新建锁对象赋予ReentrantReadWriteLock的sync对象。
将ReentrantReadWriteLock对象作为this参数创建读锁ReadLock。
将ReentrantReadWriteLock对象作为this参数创建写锁WriteLock。
在writerLock和ReadLock构造函数中将ReentrantReadWriteLock的sync对象赋值为自身的sync对象，读写锁的操作其实用的就是ReentrantReadWriteLock的sync对象。
public class ReentrantReadWriteLock
implements ReadWriteLock, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -6992448646407690164L;
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readerLock;
private final ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writerLock;
final Sync sync;
public ReentrantReadWriteLock() {
this(false);
}
public ReentrantReadWriteLock(boolean fair) {
sync = fair ? new FairSync() : new NonfairSync();
readerLock = new ReadLock(this);
writerLock = new WriteLock(this);
}
public ReentrantReadWriteLock.WriteLock writeLock() { return writerLock; }
public ReentrantReadWriteLock.ReadLock readLock() { return readerLock; }
ReadLock类
- ReadLock的构造函数入参为ReentrantReadWriteLock对象，通过将ReentrantReadWriteLock对象的sync对象赋值给ReadLock的Sync。
- ReadLock的lock和unlock操作都通过sync对象来实现加锁和解锁
public static class ReadLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -5992448646407690164L;
private final Sync sync;
protected ReadLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
sync = lock.sync;
}
public void lock() {
sync.acquireShared(1);
}
public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireSharedInterruptibly(1);
}
public boolean tryLock() {
return sync.tryReadLock();
}
public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return sync.tryAcquireSharedNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
}
public void unlock() {
sync.releaseShared(1);
}
public Condition newCondition() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
}
WriteLock类
- WriteLock的构造函数入参为ReentrantReadWriteLock对象，通过将ReentrantReadWriteLock对象的sync对象赋值给ReadLock的Sync。
- WriteLock的lock和unlock操作都通过sync对象来实现加锁和解锁
public static class WriteLock implements Lock, java.io.Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -4992448646407690164L;
private final Sync sync;
protected WriteLock(ReentrantReadWriteLock lock) {
sync = lock.sync;
}
public void lock() {
sync.acquire(1);
}
public void lockInterruptibly() throws InterruptedException {
sync.acquireInterruptibly(1);
}
public boolean tryLock( ) {
return sync.tryWriteLock();
}
public boolean tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return sync.tryAcquireNanos(1, unit.toNanos(timeout));
}
public void unlock() {
sync.release(1);
}
public Condition newCondition() {
return sync.newCondition();
}
public boolean isHeldByCurrentThread() {
return sync.isHeldExclusively();
}
public int getHoldCount() {
return sync.getWriteHoldCount();
}
}
公平锁和非公平锁类定义
- 公平锁FairSync和非公平锁NonfairSync属于ReentrantReadWriteLock内部定义类，继承自Sync类。
- Sync类继承自AbstractQueuedSynchronizer类，Sync类有一些核心的变量已经加注释。
-
AQS的state变量32位分开高16位为读状态，低16位为写状态。
static final class NonfairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8159625535654395037L;
final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
return false; // writers can always barge
}
final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
return apparentlyFirstQueuedIsExclusive();
}
}
static final class FairSync extends Sync {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -2274990926593161451L;
final boolean writerShouldBlock() {
return hasQueuedPredecessors();
}
final boolean readerShouldBlock() {
return hasQueuedPredecessors();
}
}
abstract static class Sync extends AbstractQueuedSynchronizer {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 6317671515068378041L;
static final int SHARED_SHIFT = 16;
// 高16位记录读状态
static final int SHARED_UNIT = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT);
static final int MAX_COUNT = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;
// 低16位记录写状态
static final int EXCLUSIVE_MASK = (1 << SHARED_SHIFT) - 1;
static int sharedCount(int c) { return c >>> SHARED_SHIFT; }
static int exclusiveCount(int c) { return c & EXCLUSIVE_MASK; }
static final class HoldCounter {
int count = 0;
// Use id, not reference, to avoid garbage retention
final long tid = getThreadId(Thread.currentThread());
}
static final class ThreadLocalHoldCounter
extends ThreadLocal<HoldCounter> {
public HoldCounter initialValue() {
return new HoldCounter();
}
}
private transient ThreadLocalHoldCounter readHolds;
private transient HoldCounter cachedHoldCounter;
private transient Thread firstReader = null;
private transient int firstReaderHoldCount;
Sync() {
readHolds = new ThreadLocalHoldCounter();
setState(getState()); // ensures visibility of readHolds
}
}
