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web项目一旦部署完毕,项目中的图片、CSS以及JS基本上很少发生变动,那么假如把这些组件缓存在浏览器客户端,而不再从服务器上获取,那么网站的访问者在首次访问网站后,后续的请求将会大量减轻服务器的请求压力。这一举动,带来的性能提升,可以称作完美!那么如何做呢?那就是为组件添加Expires(期限)头!
一、了解Expires头
起初,在读《高性能web建站指南》第三章“添加Expires头”时,感觉很有压力,因为不了解Expires头是做什么用的,所以就没有心思去实践该做法,就搁置了一段时间。然而今天心情很好,耐着性子在网上找一系列的资源,并且重读这篇文章,实践再三,终于搞定,特此分享,希望更多的朋友能够看到,实践到你的项目中,从而提升网站性能。
我提供几篇文章大家读一读:
有了这几篇文章作为铺垫,我想你基本上就可以了解Expires头啦。
二、效果
对于一个添加了Expires头的css来说,其请求的信息如图,多了max-age,以及Expires,这两者之间的关系我也不再赘述,之前的文章中描述比较清楚。
三、实现方法
①、新建CacheControlFilter.java
package com.honzh.common.filter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Enumeration;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
public class CacheControlFilter implements Filter {
private FilterConfig config = null;
private static final String CACHE_CONTROL_BY_TYPE = "Cache-Control";
private static final String HEADER_EXPIRES = "Expires";
private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(CacheControlFilter.class);
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException,
ServletException {
if (request instanceof HttpServletRequest && response instanceof HttpServletResponse) {
HttpServletResponse httpResponse = (HttpServletResponse) response;
HttpServletRequest httpRequest = (HttpServletRequest) request;
boolean cacheControlSet = false;
for (Enumeration<String> names = config.getInitParameterNames(); names.hasMoreElements();) {
String headerName = (String) names.nextElement();
log.debug("参数名称:" + headerName);
String value = config.getInitParameter(headerName);
log.debug("参数值:" + value);
// 说明包含了类型,此时要筛选符合条件的类型
String type = headerName.substring(CACHE_CONTROL_BY_TYPE.length()).trim();
log.debug("参数规定的类型:" + type);
String contentType = httpRequest.getHeader("Accept");
log.debug("请求内容类型为:" + contentType);
if (contains(contentType, ";")) {
// lookup content-type without charset match (e.g.
// "text/html")
String contentTypeWithoutCharset = substringBefore(contentType, ";").trim();
if (contentTypeWithoutCharset.indexOf(type) != -1) {
// 类型匹配,再看值是不是max-age,如果是,将max-age设置为当前时间+1个月
Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
calendar.setTime(new Date());
calendar.add(Calendar.MONTH, 1);
Date expirationDate = calendar.getTime();
httpResponse.setDateHeader(HEADER_EXPIRES, expirationDate.getTime());
String maxAgeDirective = "max-age="
+ ((expirationDate.getTime() - System.currentTimeMillis()) / 1000);
setControlHeader(httpResponse, "private," + maxAgeDirective);
cacheControlSet = true;
}
}
}
if (!cacheControlSet) {
setControlHeader(httpResponse, "private");
}
}
chain.doFilter(request, response);
// resp.setHeader("Expires", "Tue, 03 Jul 2001 06:00:00 GMT");
// resp.setDateHeader("Last-Modified", new Date().getTime());
// resp.setHeader("Cache-Control",
// "no-store, no-cache, must-revalidate, max-age=0, post-check=0, pre-check=0");
// resp.setHeader("Cache-Control", "private");
// resp.setHeader("Pragma", "no-cache");
}
private void setControlHeader(HttpServletResponse httpResponse, String cache_control) {
String cacheControlHeader = httpResponse.getHeader(CACHE_CONTROL_BY_TYPE);
String newCacheControlHeader = (cacheControlHeader == null) ? cache_control : cacheControlHeader + ", "
+ cache_control;
httpResponse.setHeader(CACHE_CONTROL_BY_TYPE, newCacheControlHeader);
}
@Override
public void destroy() {
}
@Override
public void init(FilterConfig config) throws ServletException {
this.config = config;
}
protected static boolean contains(String str, String searchStr) {
if (str == null || searchStr == null) {
return false;
}
return str.indexOf(searchStr) >= 0;
}
protected static String substringBefore(String str, String separator) {
if (str == null || str.isEmpty() || separator == null) {
return null;
}
if (separator.isEmpty()) {
return "";
}
int separatorIndex = str.indexOf(separator);
if (separatorIndex == -1) {
return str;
}
return str.substring(0, separatorIndex);
}
}
- web.xml中我们为Expires设置了三种类型,分别为image、css、js,②中有详细参数,这样在filter中,我们将为这三种类型添加Expires、max-age。
- 至于类中提到的private,你可以关注我的另一篇文章gzip压缩tomcat服务器响应包,大幅提升web性能。
- 其他方面,代码不复杂,主要的是做法,我将做法提供给大家。
②、web.xml
<filter>
<filter-name>cacheControlFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>com.honzh.common.filter.CacheControlFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>Cache-Control image</param-name>
<param-value>max-age</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>Cache-Control text/css</param-name>
<param-value>max-age</param-value>
</init-param>
<init-param>
<param-name>Cache-Control application/javascript</param-name>
<param-value>max-age</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>cacheControlFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
以上,两个步骤(为组件添加Expires头)完成后,你的项目就又在性能上有了进一步的提升,感觉怎么样呢?