(创建于2017/12/25)
1.继承的形式
#include <iostream>
//继承
//代码的重用性
using namespace std;
//人类
class Human{
public:
void say(){
cout << "说话" << endl;
}
protected:
char* name;
int age;
};
//男人
class Man : public Human{
public:
//泡妞
void chasing(){
cout << "泡妞" << endl;
}
private:
//兄弟
char* brother;
};
void work(Human& h){
h.say();
}
void main(){
Man m1;
m1.say();
//1.父类类型的引用或指针
Human* h_p = &m1;
h_p->say();
Human &h1 = m1;
h1.say();
//子类对象初始化父类类型的对象
Human h2 = m1;
system("pause");
}
输出结果:
说话
说话
说话
请按任意键继续. . .
2.向父类构造方法传参
#include <iostream>
//继承
//代码的重用性
using namespace std;
class Human{
public:
Human(char* name, int age){
this->name = name;
this->age = age;
}
void say(){
cout << "说话" << endl;
}
protected:
char* name;
int age;
};
//男人
class Man : public Human{
public:
//给父类构造函数传参,同时给属性对象赋值
Man(char *brother, char *s_name, int s_age, char *h_name, int h_age) : Human(s_name, s_age), h(h_name,h_age){
this->brother = brother;
}
//泡妞
void chasing(){
cout << "泡妞" << endl;
}
private:
//兄弟
char* brother;
Human h;
};
void main(){
Man m1("danny","jack",18,"jason",18);
system("pause");
}
3.构造函数与析构函数调用的顺序
#include <iostream>
//继承
//代码的重用性
using namespace std;
class Human{
public:
Human(char* name, int age){
this->name = name;
this->age = age;
cout << "Human 构造函数" << endl;
}
~Human(){
cout << "Human 析构函数" << endl;
}
void say(){
cout << "说话" << endl;
}
protected:
char* name;
int age;
};
//男人
class Man : public Human{
public:
//给父类构造函数传参
Man(char *brother, char *s_name,int s_age) : Human(s_name, s_age){
this->brother = brother;
cout << "Man 构造函数" << endl;
}
~Man(){
cout << "Man 析构函数" << endl;
}
//泡妞
void chasing(){
cout << "泡妞" << endl;
}
private:
//兄弟
char* brother;
};
void func(){
//父类构造函数先调用
//子类的析构函数先调用
Man m1("danny", "jack", 18);
}
void main(){
func();
system("pause");
}
输出结果:
Human 构造函数
Man 构造函数
Man 析构函数
Human 析构函数
请按任意键继续. . .
4.子类对象调用父类的成员
#include <iostream>
//继承
//代码的重用性
using namespace std;
class Human {
public:
Human(char* name, int age) {
this->name = name;
this->age = age;
cout << "Human 构造函数" << endl;
}
~Human() {
cout << "Human 析构函数" << endl;
}
void say() {
cout << "说话" << endl;
}
public:
char* name;
int age;
};
//男人
class Man : public Human {
public:
//给父类构造函数传参
Man(char *brother, char *s_name, int s_age) : Human(s_name, s_age) {
this->brother = brother;
cout << "Man 构造函数" << endl;
}
~Man() {
cout << "Man 析构函数" << endl;
}
//泡妞
void chasing() {
cout << "泡妞" << endl;
}
void say() {
cout << "男人喜欢装逼" << endl;
}
private:
//兄弟
char* brother;
};
void main() {
//是覆盖,并非多态
Man m1("alan", "john", 18);
//调用子类的方法
m1.say();
//调用父类的方法
m1.Human::say();
//调用父类的方法
Human h = m1;
h.say();
//修改父类属性值
m1.Human::age = 10;
system("pause");
}
5.多继承
#include <iostream>
//继承
//代码的重用性
using namespace std;
class Person{
};
//公民
class Citizen{
};
//学生,既是人,又是公民
class Student : public Person, public Citizen{
};
6.继承的访问修饰
#include <iostream>
//继承
//代码的重用性
using namespace std;
//继承的访问修饰
//基类中 继承方式 子类中
//public & public继承 = > public
//public & protected继承 = > protected
//public & private继承 = > private
//
//protected & public继承 = > protected
//protected & protected继承 = > protected
//protected & private继承 = > private
//
//private & public继承 = > 子类无权访问
//private & protected继承 = > 子类无权访问
//private & private继承 = > 子类无权访问
//人类
class Human{
public:
void say(){
cout << "说话" << endl;
}
private:
char* name;
int age;
};
//男人
class Man : protected Human{
public:
//泡妞
void chasing(){
cout << "泡妞" << endl;
}
private:
//兄弟
char* brother;
};
7.继承的二义性,指的是A和B同时继承了C,C中有name属性,那么A和B都有了自己的name属性,此时D同时继承了A和B,那么D中的name属性究竟使用哪个?
#include <iostream>
//继承
//代码的重用性
using namespace std;
class A{
public:
char* name;
};
//虚函数(virtual function),虚函数是指一个类中你希望重载的成员函数,当你用一个基类指针或引用指向一个继承类对象的时候,你调用一个虚函数,实际调用的是继承类的版本。
//如果没有这个virtual关键字,b.name = "aaa";会报错,因为name属性不明确
class A1 : virtual public A{
};
class A2 : virtual public A{
};
class B : public A1, public A2{
};
void main(){
B b;
b.name = "aaa";
//指定父类显示调用
b.A1::name = "bbb";
b.A2::name = "ccc";
cout << b.name << endl;
cout << b.A1::name << endl;
cout << b.A2::name << endl;
system("pause");
}
//使用了virtual关键字,使得调用的name属性是子类重写后的属性,也就是调用的子类的,
//几次赋值相当于都是给b中的name重新赋值,所以打印结果如下
输出结果:
ccc
ccc
ccc
请按任意键继续. . .
8.虚函数
//多态(程序的扩展性)
//动态多态:程序运行过程中,觉得哪一个函数被调用(重写)
//静态多态:重载
//发生动态的条件:
//1.继承
//2.父类的引用或者指针指向子类的对象
//3.函数的重写
#include "Plane.h"
#include "Jet.h"
#include "Copter.h"
//业务函数
void bizPlay(Plane& p){
p.fly();
p.land();
}
void main(){
Plane p1;
bizPlay(p1);
//直升飞机
Jet p2;
bizPlay(p2);
Copter p3;
bizPlay(p3);
system("pause");
}
Jet.h
#pragma once
#include "Plane.h"
//直升飞机
class Jet : public Plane{
virtual void fly();
virtual void land();
};
Jet.cpp
#include "Jet.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void Jet::fly(){
cout << "直升飞机在原地起飞..." << endl;
}
void Jet::land(){
cout << "直升飞机降落在女神的屋顶..." << endl;
}
Plane.h
#pragma once
//普通飞机
class Plane{
public:
virtual void fly();
virtual void land();
};
Plane.cpp
#include "Plane.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void Plane::fly(){
cout << "起飞" << endl;
}
void Plane::land(){
cout << "着陆" << endl;
}
Copter.h
#pragma once
#include "Plane.h"
//普通飞机
class Copter : public Plane{
public:
virtual void fly();
virtual void land();
};
Copter.cpp
#include "Copter.h"
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void Copter::fly(){
cout << "喷气式飞机在跑道上起飞..." << endl;
}
void Copter::land(){
cout << "喷气式飞机在跑道上降落..." << endl;
}
9.纯虚函数(抽象类)
//1.当一个类具有一个纯虚函数,这个类就是抽象类
//2.抽象类不能实例化对象
//3.子类继承抽象类,必须要实现纯虚函数,如果没有,子类也是抽象类
//抽象类的作用:为了继承约束,根本不知道未来的实现
//形状
class Shape{
public:
//纯虚函数
virtual void sayArea() = 0;
void print(){
cout << "hi" << endl;
}
};
//圆
class Circle : public Shape{
public:
Circle(int r){
this->r = r;
}
void sayArea(){
cout << "圆的面积:" << (3.14 * r * r) << endl;
}
private:
int r;
};
void main(){
//Shape s;
Circle c(10);
system("pause");
}
10.接口(只是逻辑上的划分,语法上跟抽象类的写法没有区别)
//可以当做一个接口
class Drawble{
virtual void draw();
};
11.模板函数(泛型)
/*void myswap(int& a,int& b){
int tmp = 0;
tmp = a;
a = b;
b = tmp;
}
void myswap(char& a, char& b){
char tmp = 0;
tmp = a;
a = b;
b = tmp;
}
*/
//发现:这两个函数业务逻辑一样,数据类型不一样
template <typename T>
void myswap(T& a, T& b){
T tmp = 0;
tmp = a;
a = b;
b = tmp;
}
void main(){
//根据实际类型,自动推导
int a = 10, b = 20;
myswap<int>(a,b);
cout << a << "," << b << endl;
char x = 'v', y = 'w';
myswap(x, y);
cout << x << "," << y << endl;
system("pause");
}