一个简单的struts的例子-阿里云开发者社区

index.jsp

代码
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<%
String path = request.getContextPath();
String basePath = request.getScheme()+"://"+request.getServerName()+":"+request.getServerPort()+path+"/";
%>
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<base href="<%=basePath%>">
<title>测试ActionForm</title>
<meta http-equiv="pragma" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="cache-control" content="no-cache">
<meta http-equiv="expires" content="0">
<meta http-equiv="keywords" content="keyword1,keyword2,keyword3">
<meta http-equiv="description" content="This is my page">
<!--
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="styles.css">
-->
</head>
<body>
<h1>测试ActionForm</h1>
<hr>
<li>测试动态ActionForm</li><br>
<form action="dyanactionform.do" method="post">
姓名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
年龄：<input type="text" name="age"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
<p>
<li>测试struts上传文件</li><br>
<form action="upload.do" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
标题：<input type="text" name="title"><br>
文件：<input type="file" name="myfile"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
<p>
<li>空字段测试</li><br>
<form action="blankfield.do" method="post">
姓名：<input type="text" name="username"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
<p>
<li>测试ActionForm类型转换器</li><br>
<form action="typeconvert.do" method="post">
intValue:<input type="text" name="intValue"><br>
doubleValue:<input type="text" name="doubleValue"><br>
booleanValue:<input type="text" name="booleanValue"><br>
java.sql.Date:<input type="text" name="sqlDate"><br>
java.util.Date:<input type="text" name="utilDate"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
</body>
</html>

配置文件

struts-config.xml

代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1" ?>
<!DOCTYPE struts-config PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 1.2//EN"
"http://jakarta.apache.org/struts/dtds/struts-config_1_2.dtd">
<struts-config>
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="dynaForm" type="org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm">
<form-property name="username" type="java.lang.String"/>
<form-property name="age" type="java.lang.Integer"/>
</form-bean>
<form-bean name="uploadForm" type="com.bjsxt.struts.UploadActionForm"/>
<form-bean name="blankFieldForm" type="com.bjsxt.struts.BlankFieldActionForm"/>
<form-bean name="typeconvertForm" type="com.bjsxt.struts.TypeConvertActionForm"/>
</form-beans>
<action-mappings>
<action path="/dyanactionform"
type="com.bjsxt.struts.DynaActionFormTestAction"
name="dynaForm"
scope="request"
>
<forward name="success" path="/dyna_actionform.jsp"/>
</action>
<action path="/upload"
type="com.bjsxt.struts.UploadTestAction"
name="uploadForm"
scope="request"
>
<forward name="success" path="/upload_success.jsp"/>
</action>
<action path="/blankfield"
type="com.bjsxt.struts.BlankFieldTestAction"
name="blankFieldForm"
scope="request"
>
<forward name="success" path="/blankfield_success.jsp"/>
</action>
<action path="/typeconvert"
type="com.bjsxt.struts.TypeConvertTestAction"
name="typeconvertForm"
scope="request"
>
<forward name="success" path="/typeconvert_success.jsp"/>
</action>
</action-mappings>
<controller maxFileSize="10M"/>
<plug-in className="com.bjsxt.struts.UtilDateConverterInitWithPlugin"/>
</struts-config>

1、AtionForm

代码
package com.bjsxt.struts;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
/**
* 测试空字段
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class BlankFieldActionForm extends ActionForm {
private String username;
private String password;
public String getUsername() {
return username;
}
public void setUsername(String username) {
this.username = username;
}
public String getPassword() {
return password;
}
public void setPassword(String password) {
this.password = password;
}
}

代码
package com.bjsxt.struts;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
/**
* 测试空字段
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class BlankFieldTestAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
return mapping.findForward("success");
}
}

代码
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<%@ page import="com.bjsxt.struts.*" %>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
BlankFieldActionForm form = (BlankFieldActionForm)request.getAttribute("blankFieldForm");
%>
<li>jsp脚本</li><br>
姓名：<%=form.getUsername() %><br>
密码:<%=form.getPassword() %><br>
<p>
<li>el表达式</li><br>
姓名：${blankFieldForm.username }<br>
密码:${blankFieldForm.password }<br>
</body>
</html>

业务逻辑类

DynaActionFormTestAction.java

代码
package com.bjsxt.struts;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm;
/**
* 测试动态ActionForm
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class DynaActionFormTestAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
DynaActionForm daf = (DynaActionForm)form;
String username = (String)daf.get("username");
Integer age = (Integer)daf.get("age");
System.out.println("username=" + username);
System.out.println("age=" + age);
return mapping.findForward("success");
}
}

成功的返回页面

dyna_actionform.jsp

代码
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
用户名称：${dynaForm.map.username }<br>
年龄：${dynaForm.map.age }<br>
</body>
</html>

2、struts上传文件

代码
package com.bjsxt.struts;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.upload.FormFile;
/**
* 上传ActionForm
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UploadActionForm extends ActionForm {
private String title;
//必须采用FormFile
private FormFile myfile;
public String getTitle() {
return title;
}
public void setTitle(String title) {
this.title = title;
}
public FormFile getMyfile() {
return myfile;
}
public void setMyfile(FormFile myfile) {
this.myfile = myfile;
}
}

代码
package com.bjsxt.struts;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.apache.struts.action.Action;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForm;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionForward;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionMapping;
import org.apache.struts.upload.FormFile;
/**
* 上传Action
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UploadTestAction extends Action {
@Override
public ActionForward execute(ActionMapping mapping, ActionForm form,
HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws Exception {
UploadActionForm uaf = (UploadActionForm)form;
System.out.println("title" + uaf.getTitle());
FormFile myFile = uaf.getMyfile();
if (myFile != null) {
System.out.println("fileName=" + myFile.getFileName());
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("c:\\" + myFile.getFileName());
fos.write(myFile.getFileData());
fos.flush();
fos.close();
}
return mapping.findForward("success");
}
}

成功返回页面

upload_success.jsp

代码
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
标题：${uploadForm.title}<br>
文件名：${uploadForm.myfile.fileName }<br>
</body>
</html>

3、类型转换

代码
package com.bjsxt.struts;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.Converter;
/**
* java.util.Date类型转换器
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UtilDateConverter implements Converter {
public Object convert(Class type, Object value) {
System.out.println("UtilDateConverter.value=" + value);
if (value == null) {
return value;
}
if (value instanceof Date) {
return value;
}
Date d = null;
if (value instanceof String) {
SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
try {
d = sdf.parse((String)value);
} catch (ParseException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return d;
}
}

代码
package com.bjsxt.struts;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.ConvertUtils;
import org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet;
import org.apache.struts.action.PlugIn;
import org.apache.struts.config.ModuleConfig;
public class UtilDateConverterInitWithPlugin implements PlugIn {
public void destroy() {
}
public void init(ActionServlet servlet, ModuleConfig config)
throws ServletException {
System.out.println("UtilDateConverterInitWithPlugin.init()");
ConvertUtils.register(new UtilDateConverter(), Date.class);
}
}

代码
package com.bjsxt.struts;
import java.util.Date;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import org.apache.commons.beanutils.ConvertUtils;
/**
* 注册java.util.date转换器
* @author Administrator
*
*/
public class UtilDateConverterInitWithServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
public void init() throws ServletException {
System.out.println("UtilDateConverterInitWithServlet.init()");
ConvertUtils.register(new UtilDateConverter(), Date.class);
}
}

成功返回页面

typeconvert_success.jsp

代码
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=GB18030"
pageEncoding="GB18030"%>
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=GB18030">
<title>Insert title here</title>
</head>
<body>
intValue:${typeconvertForm.intValue }<br>
doubleValue:${typeconvertForm.doubleValue }<br>
booleanValue:${typeconvertForm.booleanValue }<br>
java.sql.dateValue:${typeconvertForm.sqlDate }<br>
java.util.utilValue:${typeconvertForm.utilDate }<br>
</body>
</html>

讲解

1、动态ActionForm
动态ActionForm是为了避免标准ActionForm膨胀而设计的，使用动态ActionForm可以获得标准
ActionForm的所有功能
* 在struts-config.xml文件中定义动态ActionForm,如：
<form-beans>
<form-bean name="dynaForm" type="org.apache.struts.action.DynaActionForm">
<form-property name="username" type="java.lang.String" />
<form-property name="age" type="java.lang.Integer"/>
</form-bean>
</form-beans>
*在Action中使用动态ActionForm，参见DynaActionFormTestAction.java
DynaActionForm daf = (DynaActionForm)form;
String username = (String)daf.get("username");
Integer age = (Integer)daf.get("age");

动态ActionForm其实是把页面中的html元素的名字和值放到了map中，所以通过get方法可以取出相应的值
动态ActionForm采用EL表达式的输出方式，${dynabean.map.prop}, 参见：dyna_actionform.jsp
动态Action的验证，通常使用动态验证框架validator

2、采用struts上传文件
* 页面的配置，如：
<form action="upload.do" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
标题：<input type="text" name="title"><br>
文件：<input type="file" name="myfile"><br>
<input type="submit" value="提交">
</form>
* ActionForm中使用FormFile来接收上传的文件，参见：UploadActionForm.java
* 在Action中调用FormFile取得上传文件数据，采用流输出，即完成上传，参见：UploadTestAction.java
* 采用<controller/>标签配置上传参数，如：<controller maxFileSize="10M"/>

3、空字段测试
* 在表单中没有input输入域，jsp脚本接收到的值为null，el表达式接收到的值为空串
* 如果表单中的值，没有输入，那么jsp脚本和el表达式接收到的值都为空串

4、测试ActionForm类型的自动转换
* boolean:yes,1,on,true都会转换成True类型，而且忽略大小写，其他情况转换成false
* Date类型的转换：
* 如果是java.sql.Date，页面日期的格式必须为yyyy-mm-dd，才可以转换
* 如果是java.util.Date,默认情况下struts无法转换

* 自定义转换器的实现步骤
* 实现converter接口，实现convert方法
* 将实现的conerter注册，通常情况采用servlet注册
* 采用servlet注册需要注意标签的配置,<load-on-startup>10</load-on-startup>(也可以采用struts plugin注册)

Struts对ActionForm的自动搜集过程：
* 将页面数据放到map中，其中map中的key为页面中的名称，map中的value为页面中的value值
* 调用BeanUtils.setProperties方法，将map中的值逐个设置到ActionForm实例上，对于ActionForm中的每个属性
根据类型调用相应的Converter，然后调用相应的convert方法，将相应的字符串转换成ActionForm中指定的类型

可以通过BeanUtils.copyProperties(目标对象，源对象)方法进行对象值的复制。

本文转自linzheng 51CTO博客，原文链接:http://blog.51cto.com/linzheng/1080869

一个简单的struts的例子

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