转自原文 栅格数据AE
两个星期以来一直与栅格数据打交道,对AO的栅格部分应该有了一定的理解,下面是自己的一点体会,希望高手指教:-)
1、栅格数据的存储类型
栅格数据一般可以存储为ESRI GRID(由一系列文件组成),TIFF格式(包括一个TIF文件和一个AUX文件),IMAGINE Image格式 在AE中一般调用ISaveAs接口来保存栅格数据
2、栅格数据集和栅格编目的区别
一个栅格数据集由一个或者多个波段(RasterBand)的数据组成,一个波段就是一个数据矩阵。对于格网数据(DEM数据)和单波段的影像数据,表现为仅仅只有一个波段数据的栅格数据集,而对于多光谱影像数据则表现为具有多个波段的栅格数据集
栅格编目(RasterCatalog)用于显示某个研究区域内各种相邻的栅格数据,这些相邻的栅格数据没有经过拼接处理合成一副大的影像图
3、IRasterWorkspaceEx与IRasterWorkspace ,IRsterWorkspace2的区别
1).IRasteWorkspaceEx接口主要是用来读取GeoDatabase中的栅格数据集和栅格编目
2) . IRasterWorkspace ,IRsterWorkspace2主要是用来读取以文件格式存储在本地的栅格数据
4、加载栅格数据(以存储在本地的栅格数据文件为例)
1.直接用IRasterLayer接口打开一个栅格文件并加载到地图控件
IRasterLayer rasterLayer = new RasterLayerClass(); rasterLayer.CreateFromFilePath(fileName); // fileName指存本地的栅格文件路径 axMapControl1.AddLayer(rasterLayer, 0);
2. 用IRasterDataset接口打开一个栅格数据集
IWorkspaceFactory workspaceFactory = new RasterWorkspaceFactory(); IWorkspace workspace; workspace = workspaceFactory.OpenFromFile(inPath, 0); //inPath栅格数据存储路径 if (workspace == null) { Console.WriteLine("Could not open the workspace."); return; } IRasterWorkspace rastWork = (IRasterWorkspace)workspace; IRasterDataset rastDataset; rastDataset= rastWork.OpenRasterDataset(inName);//inName栅格文件名 if (rastDataset == null) { Console.WriteLine("Could not open the raster dataset."); return; }
5、如何读取栅格数据的属性和遍历栅格数据
栅格数据的属性包括栅格大小,行数,列数,投影信息,栅格范围等等,见下面代码
(假设当前加载的栅格文件栅格值存储方式为:UShort类型)
IRasterProps rasterProps = (IRasterProps)clipRaster; int dHeight = rasterProps.Height;//当前栅格数据集的行数 int dWidth = rasterProps.Width; //当前栅格数据集的列数 double dX = rasterProps.MeanCellSize().X; //栅格的宽度 double dY = rasterProps.MeanCellSize().Y; //栅格的高度 IEnvelope extent=rasterProps.Extent; //当前栅格数据集的范围 rstPixelType pixelType=rasterProps.PixelType; //当前栅格像素类型 IPnt pntSize = new PntClass(); pntSize.SetCoords(dX, dY); IPixelBlock pixelBlock = clipRaster.CreatePixelBlock(pntSize); IPnt pnt = new PntClass(); for (int i = 0; i < dHeight; i++) for (int j = 0; j < dWidth; j++) { pnt.SetCoords(i, j); clipRaster.Read(pnt, pixelBlock); if (pixelBlock != null) { object obj = pixelBlock.GetVal(0, 0, 0); MessageBox.Show( Convert.ToUInt32(obj).ToString()); } }
6、如何提取指定的范围的栅格数据
提取指定范围内的栅格数据通常用两种方法IRasterLayerExport(esriCarto), IExtractionOp, IExtractionOp2 (esriSpatialAnalyst),IRasterLayerExport接口提供的栅格数据提取功能有限,只能以矩形范围作为提取范围,而IExtractionOp接口提供了多边形,圆,属性,矩形等几种形式作为提取栅格数据.
1).IRasterLayerExport接口
IRasterLayerExport rLayerExport = new RasterLayerExportClass(); rLayerExport.RasterLayer = rasterLayer;// rasterLayer指当前加载的栅格图层 rLayerExport.Extent = clipExtent;//clipExtent指提取栅格数据的范围 if (proSpatialRef != null) rLayerExport.SpatialReference = proSpatialRef;// proSpatialRef当前栅格数据的投影信息 IWorkspaceFactory pWF = new RasterWorkspaceFactoryClass(); try { IWorkspace pRasterWorkspace = pWF.OpenFromFile(_folder, 0);// _folder指栅格文件保存路径 IRasterDataset outGeoDataset = rLayerExport.Export(pRasterWorkspace, code, strRasterType); //调用ISaveAs接口将导出的数据集保存 …………………….. } Catch(Exception ex) { Throw new Argumention(ex.Message); }
2).IExtractionOp接口(调用此接口前,应该先检查空间许可)
IExtractionOp extraction = new RasterExtractionOpClass(); try { IGeoDataset geoDataset = extraction.Rectangle((IGeoDataset)clipRaster, clipExtent, true); IRaster raster = geoDataset as IRaster; if (raster != null) { IWorkspaceFactory WF = new RasterWorkspaceFactoryClass(); IWorkspace rasterWorkspace = WF.OpenFromFile(_folder, 0); ISaveAs saveAs = (ISaveAs)raster; saveAs.SaveAs(“Result.tif”, rasterWorkspace, "TIFF"); } } catch (Exception ex) { MessageBox..Show(Ex.message); }
7.栅格数据重采样
栅格数据的重采样主要基于三种方法:最邻近采样(NEAREST),双线性
ILINEAR)和三次卷积采样(CUBIC)。
(1).最邻近采样:它用输入栅格数据中最临近栅格值作为输出值。因此,在重采
样后的输出栅格中的每个栅格值, 都是输入栅格数据中真实存在而未加任何改变的值。这种方法简单易用,计算量小,重采样的速度最快。
(2).双线性采样:此重采样法取待采样点(x,y)点周围四个邻点,在y方向(或X方向)内插两次,再在x方向(或y方向)内插一次,得到(x,y)点的栅格值。
(3).三次卷积采样:这是进一步提高内插精度的一种方法。它的基本思想是增加邻点来获
得最佳插值函数。取待计算点周围相邻的16个点,与双线性采样类似,可先在某一方向上内插,如先在x方向上,每四个值依次内插四次,再根据四次的计算结果在y方上内插,最终得到内插结果
代码示例:采用双线性采样
IRasterGeometryProc rasterGeometryProc = new RasterGeometryProcClass(); rasterGeometryProc.Resample(rstResamplingTypes.RSP_CubicConvolution, newCellSize, clipRaster); public static IRasterLayer SetViewShedRenderer(IRaster pInRaster,string sField,string sPath) { IRasterDescriptor pRD = new RasterDescriptorClass(); pRD.Create(pInRaster, new QueryFilterClass(), sField); IReclassOp pReclassOp = new RasterReclassOpClass(); IGeoDataset pGeodataset=pInRaster as IGeoDataset; IRasterAnalysisEnvironment pEnv = pReclassOp as IRasterAnalysisEnvironment; IWorkspaceFactory pWSF=new RasterWorkspaceFactoryClass(); IWorkspace pWS = pWSF.OpenFromFile(sPath, 0); pEnv.OutWorkspace = pWS; object objSnap = null; object objExtent = pGeodataset.Extent; pEnv.SetExtent(esriRasterEnvSettingEnum.esriRasterEnvValue, ref objExtent, ref objSnap); pEnv.OutSpatialReference = pGeodataset.SpatialReference; IRasterLayer pRLayer = new RasterLayerClass(); IRasterBandCollection pRsBandCol = pGeodataset as IRasterBandCollection; IRasterBand pRasterBand = pRsBandCol.Item(0); pRasterBand.ComputeStatsAndHist(); IRasterStatistics pRasterStatistic = pRasterBand.Statistics; double dMaxValue = pRasterStatistic.Maximum ; double dMinValue = pRasterStatistic.Minimum ; INumberRemap pNumRemap = new NumberRemapClass(); pNumRemap.MapRange(dMinValue, 0, 0); pNumRemap.MapRange(0, dMaxValue, 1); IRemap pRemap = pNumRemap as IRemap; IRaster pOutRaster = pReclassOp.ReclassByRemap(pGeodataset, pRemap, false) as IRaster ; pRLayer.CreateFromRaster(pOutRaster); return pRLayer; }
栅格图层和矢量图层的属性表浏览
if (pLyr is IFeatureLayer) { DataTable pTable = new DataTable(); IFeatureLayer pFealyr = pLyr as IFeatureLayer; IFeatureClass pFCls = pFealyr.FeatureClass; string shape = ""; if (pFCls.ShapeType == esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPoint) shape = "Point"; else if (pFCls.ShapeType == esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolyline) shape = "Polyline"; else if (pFCls.ShapeType == esriGeometryType.esriGeometryPolygon) shape = "Polygon"; for (int i = 0; i < pFCls.Fields.FieldCount; i++) { pTable.Columns.Add(pFCls.Fields.get_Field(i).Name); } IFeatureCursor pCursor = pFCls.Search(null, false); int ishape = pFCls.Fields.FindField("Shape"); IFeature pFea = pCursor.NextFeature(); while (pFea != null) { DataRow pRow = pTable.NewRow(); for (int i = 0; i < pFCls.Fields.FieldCount; i++) { if (i == ishape) { pRow[i] = shape; continue; } pRow[i] = pFea.get_Value(i).ToString(); } pTable.Rows.Add(pRow); pFea = pCursor.NextFeature(); } dataGridView1.DataSource = pTable; } else if (pLyr is IRasterLayer) { IRasterLayer pRlyr = pLyr as IRasterLayer; IRaster pRaster = pRlyr.Raster; IRasterProps pProp = pRaster as IRasterProps; pProp.PixelType = rstPixelType.PT_LONG; if (pProp.PixelType == rstPixelType.PT_LONG) { IRasterBandCollection pBcol = pRaster as IRasterBandCollection; IRasterBand pBand = pBcol.Item(0); ITable pRTable = pBand.AttributeTable; DataTable pTable = new DataTable(); for (int i = 0; i < pRTable.Fields.FieldCount; i++) pTable.Columns.Add(pRTable.Fields.get_Field(i).Name); ICursor pCursor= pRTable.Search(null, false); IRow pRrow= pCursor.NextRow(); while (pRrow != null) { DataRow pRow = pTable.NewRow(); for (int i =0 ;i<pRrow .Fields .FieldCount ;i++) { pRow[i] = pRrow.get_Value(i).ToString () ; } pTable.Rows.Add(pRow); pRrow = pCursor.NextRow(); } dataGridView1.DataSource = pTable; } }
创建栅格数据集