來源:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2014-11/109214.htm
Zypper是SUSE Linux中用于安装,升级,卸载,管理仓库、进行各种包查询的命令行接口。本篇将会讨论zypper的几个不同命令的例子。
语法:
- # zypper [--global-opts] <command> [--command-opts] [command-arguments]
中括号中的部分可以不需要。执行zypper最简单的方法是输入 zypper 及 。
例子1:列出可用的全局选项和命令
打开终端,输入zypper并按回车,它会显示所有可用的全局选项和命令。
- linux-xa3t:~# zypper
例子2:获得zypper的某个命令的帮助
语法: zypper help [command]
- linux-xa3t:~# zypper help remove
- remove (rm)[options]<capability>...
- Remove packages with specified capabilities.
- A capability is NAME[.ARCH][OP<VERSION>],where OP is one of <,<=,=,>=,>.
- Command options:
- -r,--repo <alias|#|URI>Load only the specified repository.
- -t,--type <type>Type of package(package, patch, pattern, product).
- Default:package.
- -n,--name Select packages by plain name,notby capability.
- -C,--capability Select packages by capability.
- --debug-solver Create solver test casefor debugging.
- -R,--no-force-resolution Donot force the solver to find solution,let it ask.
- --force-resolution Force the solver to find a solution (even an aggressive one).
- -u,--clean-deps Automatically remove unneeded dependencies.
- -U,--no-clean-deps No automatic removal of unneeded dependencies.
- -D,--dry-run Test the removal,donot actually remove.
例子3:打开zypper shell/会话
- linux-xa3t:~# zypper sh
- zypper>
或
- linux-xa3t:~# zypper shell
- zypper>
例子4:列出已定义的仓库
- linux-xa3t:~# zypper repos
或
- linux-xa3t:~# zypper lr
4.1) 以表格的形式列出仓库的URI
4.2) 以优先级列出仓库
- linux-xa3t:~# zypper lr -p
例子5:刷新仓库
- linux-xa3t:~# zypper ref
- Repository'openSUSE-13.1-Non-Oss'is up to date.
- Repository'openSUSE-13.1-Oss'is up to date.
- Repository'openSUSE-13.1-Update'is up to date.
- Repository'openSUSE-13.1-Update-Non-Oss'is up to date.
- All repositories have been refreshed.
例子6:修改zypper仓库
zypper仓库可以通过别名、数字或者URI或者通过‘–all、 –remote、 –local、 –medium-type’这些选项修改。
linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -d 6 #禁用6号仓库 linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -rk -p 70 upd #启用自动书信并为‘upd’仓库设置rpm文件‘缓存’,且设置它的优先级为70 linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -Ka #为所有的仓库禁用rpm文件缓存 linux-xa3t:~ # zypper mr -kt #为远程仓库设置rpm文件缓存
例子7:添加仓库
语法: zypper addrepo 或者 zypper ar <仓库的URL或者别名>
- linux-xa3t:~# zypper ar http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.1/ update
- Adding repository 'update'.............................................[done]
- Repository'update' successfully added
- Enabled:Yes
- Autorefresh:No
- GPG check:Yes
- URI: http://download.opensuse.org/update/13.1/
例子8:移除仓库
语法: zypper removerepo <仓库名> <别名>
或者
zypper rr <仓库名> <别名>
- linux-xa3t:~# zypper rr openSUSE-13.1-1.10 openSUSE-13.1-1.10
- Removing repository 'openSUSE-13.1-1.10'............................[done]
- Repository'openSUSE-13.1-1.10' has been removed.
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