1.优化边界问题
之前视频中当使用drawAlpha函数时,是为了去除飞机后面变透明,当时当飞机到达边界的时候,会出现异常退出,这是因为drawAlpha函数不稳定,昨天试过制作掩码图,下载了一个ps,改的话,图片大小又变了,最后采用的方式是当飞机在窗口内的时候使用drawAlpha函数贴图,当飞机要出边缘的时候,使用putimage贴图,防止出现闪退,优化后飞机到边界的时候会出现黑框.
边界优化
对应的代码实现
void draw() { putimage(0, 0, &img_bk); if (plane.x > -1 && plane.x < WIDTH && plane.y>-1 && plane.y + 48< HEIGHT) { drawAlpha(&img_plane, plane.x, plane.y); } else { putimage(plane.x, plane.y, &img_plane); } if (a.x > -1 && a.x < WIDTH && a.y>0&& a.y + 98 < HEIGHT) { drawAlpha(&img_a, a.x, a.y); } else { putimage(a.x, a.y, &img_a); } if (b.x > -1 && b.x < WIDTH && b.y>-1 && b.y +120 < HEIGHT) { drawAlpha(&img_b, b.x, b.y); } else { putimage(b.x, b.y, &img_b); } if (c.x > -1 && c.x < WIDTH && c.y>-1 && c.y + 120 < HEIGHT) { drawAlpha(&img_c, c.x, c.y); } else { putimage(c.x, c.y, &img_c); } }
2.我方战机发射子弹
如果我们用数组存储子弹的信息的话,在不断发射子弹的过程中,不断的创建数组元素,会导致栈溢出,所以我们使用链表存储每个子弹的信息,当打出一个子弹时,会创建一个新的结点,并且尾插到头结点上去,当子弹出屏幕,或者隔一段时间,删除出屏幕的子弹,用到单链表节点的删除.
1.首先创建一个子弹的结构体,并创建我方飞机子弹的头节点
typedef struct bullet { float x, y; float vx, vy; int isexist; struct bullet* next; }list; list* planebullet = NULL;
2.创建新结点
list* BuyplanebulletNode(float vx, float vy) { list* newnode = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));//空间申请 assert(newnode);//断言,新结点是否申请到了 newnode->vx = vx;//数据赋值 newnode->vy = vy;//数据赋值 newnode->x = plane.x + plane.width / 2+17; newnode->y = plane.y;//让子弹的出生坐标在飞机中间 newnode->isexist = 1; newnode->next = NULL;//指向的地址赋值 return newnode;//将申请好的空间首地址返回回去 }
3 尾插新结点.
void pushback1(list** pphead,float vx,float vy)//尾插 { list* newnode = BuyplanebulletNode(vx, vy); if (*pphead == NULL)//链表无结点 { *pphead = newnode;// 将创建好的头节点的地址给给*pphead,作为新头节点的地址 } else { list* tail = *pphead;//定义一个指针,先指向头结点的地址 while (tail->next != NULL)//循环遍历找尾结点 { tail = tail->next;//指针指向下一个结点 } tail->next = newnode;//找到尾结点,将尾结点的next存放新接结点的地址 } }
4.结点的删除
void removebullet(list** pplist) { if (*pplist == NULL) return; list* cur = *pplist; list* prev = NULL; while (cur != NULL) { if (cur->isexist == 0) { if (*pplist == cur) { *pplist = cur->next; free(cur); cur = *pplist; } else { prev->next = cur->next; free(cur); cur = prev; } } else { prev = cur; cur = cur->next; } } }
5.子弹位置改变参数设置
void listchangexy(list** pplist) { if (*pplist == NULL) return; list* cur = *pplist; while (cur != NULL) { cur->x += cur->vx; cur->y += cur->vy; if ((cur->y<0 )|| (cur->y>HEIGHT) || (cur->x >0) || (cur->x <WIDTH)) cur->isexist = 0; cur = cur->next; } }
遍历子弹链表,使得每个子弹的位置属性发生变化,当子弹出屏幕时,将当前cur指向的子弹的exist==0,表示子弹消失,cur指向下一个子弹,改变子弹的位置坐标属性.
上面创建的链表存下了每个子弹的属性,然后我们遍历子弹链表,贴子弹上去。
6.贴子弹上去
void showbullet() { static int count1 = 0; listchangexy(&planebullet); for (list* cur = planebullet; cur!= NULL; cur = cur ->next) { putimage(cur->x,cur->y, &img_planebullet); } if (++count1 == 100) { removebullet(&planebullet); } if (count1 > 99999) { count1 = 0; } } }
这里定时清理一下出屏幕的子弹,要不然太占内存了.如果直接使用removebullet会出现错误
当然在player_move函数里面加
if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))// && Timer(300, 1)) { pushback1(&planebullet, 0, -20); }
我们可以使用空格开火,当空格按下一次,就尾插子弹信息到对应子弹的结点上去
总结
子弹发射
7.解决子弹太密集问题
使用定时器函数,隔一段时间才能发射子弹
bool Timer(int ms, int id) { static DWORD t[10]; if (clock() - t[id] > ms) { t[id] = clock(); return true; } return false; }
这个先记住就行,不用理解,参数第一个是定时时间,单位是ms,第二个我也不太清楚,传个1就行.
if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))&& Timer(300, 1)) { pushback1(&planebullet, 0, -20); //pushback1(&planebullet, -10, -17.32); //pushback1(&planebullet, 10, -17.32); }
8.子弹升级
子弹升级
if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))&& Timer(300, 1)) { pushback1(&planebullet, 0, -20); pushback1(&planebullet, -10, -17.32); pushback1(&planebullet, 10, -17.32); }
3.敌方的子弹发射
当我们会处理我方的子弹发射之后,敌方子弹的发射也是同样的道理
敌机a子弹的发射
敌机a子弹发射(步骤和我方战机相同)
list* abullet = NULL; void pushback2(list** pphead, float vx, float vy); list* BuyabulletNode(float vx, float vy) { list* newnode = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));//空间申请 assert(newnode);//断言,新结点是否申请到了 newnode->vx = vx;//数据赋值 newnode->vy = vy;//数据赋值 newnode->x = a.x + a.width / 2-10; newnode->y = a.y+80; newnode->isexist = 1; newnode->next = NULL;//指向的地址赋值 return newnode;//将申请好的空间首地址返回回去 } void pushback2(list** pphead, float vx, float vy)//尾插 { list* newnode = BuyabulletNode(vx, vy); if (*pphead == NULL)//链表无结点 { *pphead = newnode;// 将创建好的头节点的地址给给*pphead,作为新头节点的地址 } else { list* tail = *pphead;//定义一个指针,先指向头结点的地址 while (tail->next != NULL)//循环遍历找尾结点 { tail = tail->next;//指针指向下一个结点 } tail->next = newnode;//找到尾结点,将尾结点的next存放新接结点的地址 } } void removebullet(list** pplist) { if (*pplist == NULL) return; list* cur = *pplist; list* prev = NULL; while (cur != NULL) { if (cur->isexist == 0) { if (*pplist == cur) { *pplist = cur->next; free(cur); cur = *pplist; } else { prev->next = cur->next; free(cur); cur = prev; } } else { prev = cur; cur = cur->next; } } } void listchangexy(list** pplist) { if (*pplist == NULL) return; list* cur = *pplist; while (cur != NULL) { cur->x += cur->vx; cur->y += cur->vy; if ((cur->y<0 )|| (cur->y>HEIGHT) || (cur->x >0) || (cur->x <WIDTH)) cur->isexist = 0; cur = cur->next; } } void showbullet() { static int count1 = 0; listchangexy(&planebullet); if (++count1 == 100) { removebullet(&planebullet); removebullet(&abullet); removebullet(&bbullet); } if (count1 > 99999) { count1 = 0; } for (list* cur = planebullet; cur!= NULL; cur = cur ->next) { putimage(cur->x,cur->y, &img_planebullet); } listchangexy(&abullet); for (list* cur = abullet; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) { //putimage(cur->x - 10, cur->y - 10, &img_planebullet); putimage(cur->x , cur->y, &img_abullet); } //listchangexy(&bbullet); // //for (list* cur = bbullet; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) //{ // //putimage(cur->x - 10, cur->y - 10, &img_planebullet); // putimage(cur->x, cur->y, &img_bbullet); //} }
因为敌机a在移动中发射子弹,所以将puchback2放在ufoamove函数里面
void ufoamove() { static int dir1 = 1; static int cnt = 0; if (a.bornflag == 1) { a.bornflag = 0; a.x = rand() % (WIDTH - a.width); a.y = -50; } if (a.y > 200) { dir1 = 0; } else if (a.y < -150) { dir1 = 1; a.bornflag = 1; } if (1 == dir1) { a.y += a.speed; } else { a.y -= a.speed; } if (++cnt % 50 == 0) { pushback2(&abullet, 0, 10); } if (cnt > 99999) { cnt = 0; } }
设置一个静态变量cnt,当cnt%50取余==0时,发射子弹,这样也解决了子弹太密集(50可以修改,就相当于间隔),cnt为int,可能会溢出,所以>99999,将cnt=0;
敌机b子弹的发射
同理
包含头文件#include<math.h>
4.程序源码
#include<stdio.h> #include <graphics.h> #include <assert.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include<conio.h>//_getch(); #include <time.h> #include <math.h> #define PI 3.1415926 #define HEIGHT 503 #define WIDTH 700 IMAGE img_bk, img_plane, img_a, img_b, img_c, img_abullet, img_bbullet, img_cbullet, img_planebullet,img_tmp; typedef struct bullet { float x, y; float vx, vy; int isexist; struct bullet* next; }list; list* planebullet = NULL; list* abullet = NULL; list* bbullet = NULL; void pushback2(list** pphead, float vx, float vy); void pushback3(list** pphead, float vx, float vy); void pushback(list** pphead, list* newnode);//尾插; struct aircraft { int x, y; int width; int height; int speed; int bornflag; }; aircraft plane, a, b, c; void datainit() { plane = { 150,150 }; //a = { 0,0 }; /*b = { 300,0 };*/ /*c = { 450,0 };*/ a.speed = 1; a.bornflag = 1; b.bornflag = 1; c.bornflag = 1; a.width = 100; a.height = 100; b.speed = 1; b.width = 80; b.height = 100; c.height = 70; c.width = 70; c.speed = 3; } list* BuyabulletNode(float vx, float vy) { list* newnode = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));//空间申请 assert(newnode);//断言,新结点是否申请到了 newnode->vx = vx;//数据赋值 newnode->vy = vy;//数据赋值 newnode->x = a.x + a.width / 2-10; newnode->y = a.y+80; newnode->isexist = 1; newnode->next = NULL;//指向的地址赋值 return newnode;//将申请好的空间首地址返回回去 } list* BuybbulletNode(float vx, float vy) { list* newnode = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));//空间申请 assert(newnode);//断言,新结点是否申请到了 newnode->vx = vx;//数据赋值 newnode->vy = vy;//数据赋值 newnode->x = b.x + b.width / 2 - 10; newnode->y = b.y + 80; newnode->isexist = 1; newnode->next = NULL;//指向的地址赋值 return newnode;//将申请好的空间首地址返回回去 } list* BuyplanebulletNode(float vx, float vy) { list* newnode = (list*)malloc(sizeof(list));//空间申请 assert(newnode);//断言,新结点是否申请到了 newnode->vx = vx;//数据赋值 newnode->vy = vy;//数据赋值 newnode->x = plane.x + plane.width / 2+17; newnode->y = plane.y; newnode->isexist = 1; newnode->next = NULL;//指向的地址赋值 return newnode;//将申请好的空间首地址返回回去 } void drawAlpha(IMAGE* picture, int picture_x, int picture_y) //x为载入图片的X坐标,y为Y坐标 { // 变量初始化 DWORD* dst = GetImageBuffer(); // GetImageBuffer()函数,用于获取绘图设备的显存指针,EASYX自带 DWORD* draw = GetImageBuffer(); DWORD* src = GetImageBuffer(picture); //获取picture的显存指针 int picture_width = picture->getwidth(); //获取picture的宽度,EASYX自带 int picture_height = picture->getheight(); //获取picture的高度,EASYX自带 int graphWidth = getwidth(); //获取绘图区的宽度,EASYX自带 int graphHeight = getheight(); //获取绘图区的高度,EASYX自带 int dstX = 0; //在显存里像素的角标 // 实现透明贴图 公式: Cp=αp*FP+(1-αp)*BP , 贝叶斯定理来进行点颜色的概率计算 for (int iy = 0; iy < picture_height; iy++) { for (int ix = 0; ix < picture_width; ix++) { int srcX = ix + iy * picture_width; //在显存里像素的角标 int sa = ((src[srcX] & 0xff000000) >> 24); //0xAArrggbb;AA是透明度 int sr = ((src[srcX] & 0xff0000) >> 16); //获取RGB里的R int sg = ((src[srcX] & 0xff00) >> 8); //G int sb = src[srcX] & 0xff; //B if (ix >= 0 && ix <= graphWidth && iy >= 0 && iy <= graphHeight && dstX <= graphWidth * graphHeight) { if ((ix + picture_x) >= 0 && (ix + picture_x) <= graphWidth) //防止出边界后循环显示 { dstX = (ix + picture_x) + (iy + picture_y) * graphWidth; //在显存里像素的角标 int dr = ((dst[dstX] & 0xff0000) >> 16); int dg = ((dst[dstX] & 0xff00) >> 8); int db = dst[dstX] & 0xff; draw[dstX] = ((sr * sa / 255 + dr * (255 - sa) / 255) << 16) //公式: Cp=αp*FP+(1-αp)*BP ; αp=sa/255 , FP=sr , BP=dr | ((sg * sa / 255 + dg * (255 - sa) / 255) << 8) //αp=sa/255 , FP=sg , BP=dg | (sb * sa / 255 + db * (255 - sa) / 255); //αp=sa/255 , FP=sb , BP=db } } } } } void load() { loadimage(&img_bk, "./back.png"); loadimage(&img_plane, "./1.png"); loadimage(&img_a, "./2.png"); loadimage(&img_b, "./3.png"); loadimage(&img_c, "./4.png"); loadimage(&img_abullet, "./5.png"); loadimage(&img_bbullet, "./6.png"); loadimage(&img_cbullet, "./7.png"); loadimage(&img_planebullet, "./8.png"); } void draw() { putimage(0, 0, &img_bk); if (plane.x > -1 && plane.x < WIDTH && plane.y>-1 && plane.y + 48< HEIGHT) { drawAlpha(&img_plane, plane.x, plane.y); } else { putimage(plane.x, plane.y, &img_plane); } if (a.x > -1 && a.x < WIDTH && a.y>0&& a.y + 98 < HEIGHT) { drawAlpha(&img_a, a.x, a.y); } else { putimage(a.x, a.y, &img_a); } if (b.x > -1 && b.x < WIDTH && b.y>-1 && b.y +120 < HEIGHT) { drawAlpha(&img_b, b.x, b.y); } else { putimage(b.x, b.y, &img_b); } if (c.x > -1 && c.x < WIDTH && c.y>-1 && c.y + 120 < HEIGHT) { drawAlpha(&img_c, c.x, c.y); } else { putimage(c.x, c.y, &img_c); } /*drawAlpha(&img_a, a.x, a.y); drawAlpha(&img_b, b.x, b.y); drawAlpha(&img_c, c.x, c.y); drawAlpha(&img_abullet, 400, 0); drawAlpha(&img_bbullet, 400, 50); drawAlpha(&img_cbullet, 400, 100); drawAlpha(&img_planebullet, 400, 150);*/ /* putimage(plane.x, plane.y, &img_plane); putimage(a.x, a.y ,&img_a); putimage(b.x, b.y ,&img_b ); putimage(c.x, c.y, &img_c ); putimage(400, 50 ,&img_bbullet); putimage(400, 100 ,&img_cbullet );*/ } void ufoamove() { static int dir1 = 1; static int cnt = 0; if (a.bornflag == 1) { a.bornflag = 0; a.x = rand() % (WIDTH - a.width); a.y = -50; } if (a.y > 200) { dir1 = 0; } else if (a.y < -150) { dir1 = 1; a.bornflag = 1; } if (1 == dir1) { a.y += a.speed; } else { a.y -= a.speed; } if (++cnt % 50 == 0) { pushback2(&abullet, 0, 10); } if (cnt > 99999) { cnt = 0; } } void ufobmove() { static int num = 0; static int step = b.speed; if (b.bornflag == 1) { b.bornflag = 0; b.x = rand() % (WIDTH - b.width); b.y = -b.height; } if (b.x <= 0 || b.x + b.width >= WIDTH) { step = -step; } b.x += step; b.y++; if (b.y >= HEIGHT) { b.bornflag = 1; } if (++num % 200 == 0) { for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { float angle = i * 2 * PI / 10; float vx = 1* sin(angle); float vy = 1 * cos(angle); pushback3(&bbullet, vx, vy); } } if (num > 99999) { num = 0; } } void pushback1(list** pphead,float vx,float vy)//尾插 { list* newnode = BuyplanebulletNode(vx, vy); if (*pphead == NULL)//链表无结点 { *pphead = newnode;// 将创建好的头节点的地址给给*pphead,作为新头节点的地址 } else { list* tail = *pphead;//定义一个指针,先指向头结点的地址 while (tail->next != NULL)//循环遍历找尾结点 { tail = tail->next;//指针指向下一个结点 } tail->next = newnode;//找到尾结点,将尾结点的next存放新接结点的地址 } } void pushback2(list** pphead, float vx, float vy)//尾插 { list* newnode = BuyabulletNode(vx, vy); if (*pphead == NULL)//链表无结点 { *pphead = newnode;// 将创建好的头节点的地址给给*pphead,作为新头节点的地址 } else { list* tail = *pphead;//定义一个指针,先指向头结点的地址 while (tail->next != NULL)//循环遍历找尾结点 { tail = tail->next;//指针指向下一个结点 } tail->next = newnode;//找到尾结点,将尾结点的next存放新接结点的地址 } } void pushback3(list** pphead, float vx, float vy)//尾插 { list* newnode = BuybbulletNode(vx, vy); if (*pphead == NULL)//链表无结点 { *pphead = newnode;// 将创建好的头节点的地址给给*pphead,作为新头节点的地址 } else { list* tail = *pphead;//定义一个指针,先指向头结点的地址 while (tail->next != NULL)//循环遍历找尾结点 { tail = tail->next;//指针指向下一个结点 } tail->next = newnode;//找到尾结点,将尾结点的next存放新接结点的地址 } } void removebullet(list** pplist) { if (*pplist == NULL) return; list* cur = *pplist; list* prev = NULL; while (cur != NULL) { if (cur->isexist == 0) { if (*pplist == cur) { *pplist = cur->next; free(cur); cur = *pplist; } else { prev->next = cur->next; free(cur); cur = prev; } } else { prev = cur; cur = cur->next; } } } void listchangexy(list** pplist) { if (*pplist == NULL) return; list* cur = *pplist; while (cur != NULL) { cur->x += cur->vx; cur->y += cur->vy; if ((cur->y<0 )|| (cur->y>HEIGHT) || (cur->x >0) || (cur->x <WIDTH)) cur->isexist = 0; cur = cur->next; } } void showbullet() { static int count1 = 0; listchangexy(&planebullet); if (++count1 == 100) { removebullet(&planebullet); removebullet(&abullet); removebullet(&bbullet); } if (count1 > 99999) { count1 = 0; } for (list* cur = planebullet; cur!= NULL; cur = cur ->next) { putimage(cur->x,cur->y, &img_planebullet); } listchangexy(&abullet); for (list* cur = abullet; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) { //putimage(cur->x - 10, cur->y - 10, &img_planebullet); putimage(cur->x , cur->y, &img_abullet); } listchangexy(&bbullet); for (list* cur = bbullet; cur != NULL; cur = cur->next) { //putimage(cur->x - 10, cur->y - 10, &img_planebullet); putimage(cur->x, cur->y, &img_bbullet); } } void ufocmove() { static float disx = 0, disy = 0; static float tmpx = 0, tmpy = 0; static float vx = 0, vy = 0; float step = 1000 / c.speed; if (1 == c.bornflag) { c.bornflag = 0; tmpx = rand() % (WIDTH - c.width); tmpy = -c.height; disx = plane.x - tmpx; disy = plane.y - tmpy; vx = disx / step; vy = disy / step; } tmpx += vx; tmpy += vy; c.x = (int)(tmpx + 0.5); c.y = (int)(tmpy + 0.5); if (c.x < -c.width) { c.bornflag = 1; } else if (c.x > WIDTH) { c.bornflag = 1; } if (c.y > HEIGHT) { c.bornflag = 1; } } bool Timer(int ms, int id) { static DWORD t[10]; if (clock() - t[id] > ms) { t[id] = clock(); return true; } return false; } void player_move(int speed) //处理飞机移动 { int reload_time = 100; static int fire_start = 0; int tmp = clock(); if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_UP) || GetAsyncKeyState('W')) { if (plane.y > 0) plane.y -= speed; } if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_DOWN) || GetAsyncKeyState('S')) { if (plane.y + 51 < HEIGHT) plane.y += speed; } if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) || GetAsyncKeyState('A')) { if (plane.x > 0) plane.x -= speed; } if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) || GetAsyncKeyState('D')) { if (plane.x + 51 < WIDTH) plane.x += speed; } if ((GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE))&& Timer(300, 1)) { pushback1(&planebullet, 0, -20); pushback1(&planebullet, -10, -17.32); pushback1(&planebullet, 10, -17.32); } } int main() { initgraph(WIDTH, HEIGHT,CONSOLE_FULLSCREEN); BeginBatchDraw(); datainit(); while (1) { load(); draw(); ufoamove(); ufobmove(); ufocmove(); player_move(5); showbullet(); FlushBatchDraw(); } EndBatchDraw(); getchar(); }
5.剩下的发在下篇
6.效果演示
效果演示