1.案例场景

2.前端实现方式

2.1页面按钮

<div class="title-icon"></div>身份证正面信息
            <a href="javascript:void(0)" id="uploadIdcardZmBtn">
                <font style="color: #999999;float:right;">(请点击拍照识别)</font>
                <img id="idcardZm" alt="" src="../img/idCard_zm_eg.png" style="transform:scale(0.7);"/>
            </a>
            <input type="file" name="idcardZmFile" id="idcardZmFile" title="" style="display:none;" onchange="uploadFile('face')">
        </h1>

2.2页面JS实现

首先页面初始化先给隐藏input 类型为file的上传按钮绑定事件，并且增加上传按钮的change事件函数。

注：此处我的projectName="/jjxt"

具体对应后台application.yml 文件中

server {
        listen       8088;
        server_name  localhost;
    #add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *; #表示服务器可以接受所有跨域请求
    #add_header Access-Control-Allow-Methods 'GET, POST, OPTIONS';
    #add_header Access-Control-Allow-Headers 'DNT,X-Mx-ReqToken,Keep-Alive,User-Agent,X-Requested-With,If-Modified-Since,Cache-Control,Content-Type,Authorization';
        location / {
            #root路劲配置页面首页的访问路径前缀，根据自己项目路径做出修改
            root   E:/xxx/xxx/src/main/webapps/jjhtml;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }
    location /jjxt {
        proxy_send_timeout 600;
        proxy_read_timeout 600;
        proxy_connect_timeout 600;
        proxy_redirect off;
        proxy_set_header Host $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_pass http://localhost:8801/jjxt;
            add_header Access-Control-Allow-Origin *;
    }
  }

注：此处用到了ajax文件上传的js工具类ajaxfileupload.js

文件内容如下：

 
jQuery.extend({
    handleError: function( s, xhr, status, e )      {  
        // If a local callback was specified, fire it  
        if ( s.error ) {  
            s.error.call( s.context || s, xhr, status, e );  
        }  
        // Fire the global callback  
        if ( s.global ) {  
            (s.context ? jQuery(s.context) : jQuery.event).trigger( "ajaxError", [xhr, s, e] );  
        }  
    },  
 
    createUploadIframe: function(id, uri)
    {
        //create frame
        var frameId = 'jUploadFrame' + id;
 
        if(window.ActiveXObject) {
            var io = document.createElement('<iframe id="' + frameId + '" name="' + frameId + '" />');
            if(typeof uri== 'boolean'){
                io.src = 'javascript:false';
            }
            else if(typeof uri== 'string'){
                io.src = uri;
            }
        }
        else {
            var io = document.createElement('iframe');
            io.id = frameId;
            io.name = frameId;
        }
        io.style.position = 'absolute';
        io.style.top = '-1000px';
        io.style.left = '-1000px';
 
        document.body.appendChild(io);
 
        return io
    },
    createUploadForm: function(id, fileElementId)
    {
        //create form
        var formId = 'jUploadForm' + id;
        var fileId = 'jUploadFile' + id;
        var form = $('<form  action="" method="POST" name="' + formId + '" id="' + formId + '" enctype="multipart/form-data"></form>');
        var oldElement = $('#' + fileElementId);
        var newElement = $(oldElement).clone();
        $(oldElement).attr('id', fileId);
        $(oldElement).before(newElement);
        $(oldElement).appendTo(form);
        //set attributes
        $(form).css('position', 'absolute');
        $(form).css('top', '-1200px');
        $(form).css('left', '-1200px');
        $(form).appendTo('body');
        return form;
    },
    addOtherRequestsToForm: function(form,data)
    {
        // add extra parameter
        var originalElement = $('<input type="hidden" name="" value="">');
        for (var key in data) {
            name = key;
            value = data[key];
            var cloneElement = originalElement.clone();
            cloneElement.attr({'name':name,'value':value});
            $(cloneElement).appendTo(form);
        }
        return form;
    },
 
    ajaxFileUpload: function(s) {
        // TODO introduce global settings, allowing the client to modify them for all requests, not only timeout
        s = jQuery.extend({}, jQuery.ajaxSettings, s);
        var id = new Date().getTime()
        var form = jQuery.createUploadForm(id, s.fileElementId);
        if ( s.data ) form = jQuery.addOtherRequestsToForm(form,s.data);
        var io = jQuery.createUploadIframe(id, s.secureuri);
        var frameId = 'jUploadFrame' + id;
        var formId = 'jUploadForm' + id;
        // Watch for a new set of requests
        if ( s.global && ! jQuery.active++ )
        {
            jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStart" );
        }
        var requestDone = false;
        // Create the request object
        var xml = {}
        if ( s.global )
            jQuery.event.trigger("ajaxSend", [xml, s]);
        // Wait for a response to come back
        var uploadCallback = function(isTimeout)
        {
            var io = document.getElementById(frameId);
            try
            {
                if(io.contentWindow)
                {
                    xml.responseText = io.contentWindow.document.body?io.contentWindow.document.body.innerHTML:null;
                    xml.responseXML = io.contentWindow.document.XMLDocument?io.contentWindow.document.XMLDocument:io.contentWindow.document;
 
                }else if(io.contentDocument)
                {
                    xml.responseText = io.contentDocument.document.body?io.contentDocument.document.body.innerHTML:null;
                    xml.responseXML = io.contentDocument.document.XMLDocument?io.contentDocument.document.XMLDocument:io.contentDocument.document;
                }
            }catch(e)
            {
                jQuery.handleError(s, xml, null, e);
            }
            if ( xml || isTimeout == "timeout")
            {
                requestDone = true;
                var status;
                try {
                    status = isTimeout != "timeout" ? "success" : "error";
                    // Make sure that the request was successful or notmodified
                    if ( status != "error" )
                    {
                        // process the data (runs the xml through httpData regardless of callback)
                        var data = jQuery.uploadHttpData( xml, s.dataType );
                        // If a local callback was specified, fire it and pass it the data
                        if ( s.success )
                            s.success( data, status );
 
                        // Fire the global callback
                        if( s.global )
                            jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxSuccess", [xml, s] );
                    } else
                        jQuery.handleError(s, xml, status);
                } catch(e)
                {
                    status = "error";
                    jQuery.handleError(s, xml, status, e);
                }
 
                // The request was completed
                if( s.global )
                    jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [xml, s] );
 
                // Handle the global AJAX counter
                if ( s.global && ! --jQuery.active )
                    jQuery.event.trigger( "ajaxStop" );
 
                // Process result
                if ( s.complete )
                    s.complete(xml, status);
 
                jQuery(io).unbind()
 
                setTimeout(function()
                {    try
                    {
                        $(io).remove();
                        $(form).remove();
 
                    } catch(e)
                    {
                        jQuery.handleError(s, xml, null, e);
                    }
 
                }, 100)
 
                xml = null
 
            }
        }
        // Timeout checker
        if ( s.timeout > 0 )
        {
            setTimeout(function(){
                // Check to see if the request is still happening
                if( !requestDone ) uploadCallback( "timeout" );
            }, s.timeout);
        }
        try
        {
            // var io = $('#' + frameId);
            var form = $('#' + formId);
            $(form).attr('action', s.url);
            $(form).attr('method', 'POST');
            $(form).attr('target', frameId);
            if(form.encoding)
            {
                form.encoding = 'multipart/form-data';
            }
            else
            {
                form.enctype = 'multipart/form-data';
            }
            $(form).submit();
 
        } catch(e)
        {
            jQuery.handleError(s, xml, null, e);
        }
        if(window.attachEvent){
            document.getElementById(frameId).attachEvent('onload', uploadCallback);
        }
        else{
            document.getElementById(frameId).addEventListener('load', uploadCallback, false);
        }
        return {abort: function () {}};
 
    },
 
    uploadHttpData: function( r, type ) {
        var data = !type;
        data = type == "xml" || data ? r.responseXML : r.responseText;
        // If the type is "script", eval it in global context
        if ( type == "script" )
            jQuery.globalEval( data );
        // Get the JavaScript object, if JSON is used.
        if ( type == "json" )
        {
            // If you add mimetype in your response,
            // you have to delete the '<pre></pre>' tag.
            // The pre tag in Chrome has attribute, so have to use regex to remove
            var data = r.responseText;
            var rx = new RegExp("<pre.*?>(.*?)</pre>","i");
            var am = rx.exec(data);
            //this is the desired data extracted
            var data = (am) ? am[1] : "";    //the only submatch or empty
            eval( "data = " + data );
        }
        // evaluate scripts within html
        if ( type == "html" )
            jQuery("<div>").html(data).evalScripts();
        //alert($('param', data).each(function(){alert($(this).attr('value'));}));
        return data;
    }
}) 

//请求服务器的项目路径对应后台设置的context-path的值
var projectName="/jjxt";
 
function httpsOrhttp(){
    var protocolStr = document.location.protocol;
    if(protocolStr == "http:") return "http://";
    else if(protocolStr == "https:")return "https://";
}
var ip = httpsOrhttp()+location.hostname+":"+location.port; //获取本地服务器
 
$(function(){
    //上传按钮绑定事件
    $("#uploadIdcardZmBtn").click(function(){
        $("[name='idcardZmFile']").click();
    });
});
//上传方法，内部逻辑根据自身需求做出相应修改
function uploadFile(side){
    var nsrsbh = StorageInfo.getNsrsbh();
    var value = "";
    var fileId="";
    //这里我是上传身份证正反面共用一个方法，所以上传文件的id标识做了一个区分判断
    if(side=="face"){
        fileId="idcardZmFile";
        value=$("#idcardZmFile").val();
    }else{
        fileId="idcardFmFile";
        value=$("#idcardFmFile").val();
    }
    if(value==null||value==""){
        Prompt.alert("请拍照上传身份证！");
        return false;
    }
    var fileType = value.slice(value.lastIndexOf(".")+1).toLowerCase(); 
    if ("png" != fileType && "jpg" != fileType && "jpeg"!=fileType) {
        Prompt.alert("只能上传jpg、jpeg、png文件"); 
        $("#idcardZmFile").val("");
        $("#idcardFmFile").val("");
        return false;  
    }
    //这里是请求前的遮罩，修改为自己项目的方法
    $(".Z_loading").show();
    $.ajaxFileUpload({  
        url:ip + projectName+'/uploadIdcardFile?nsrsbh='+nsrsbh+'&side='+side+'&fileType='+fileType,
        secureuri:false,  
        fileElementId:fileId,                 //文件选择框的id属性
        dataType: 'text',                           //服务器返回的格式
        success: function (data){
            $(".Z_loading").hide();
            $("#licenseFile").val("");
            data = $.parseJSON(data.replace(/<.*?>/ig,""));
            if(data.state=="0"){
                var retData=JSON.parse(data.result);
//src此处是回显上传后的页面图片，文件流方式回显，这里手机端不建议跟作者这样的操作
                var src = "data:image/"+fileType+";base64,"+retData.cardFile.replace(/[\r\n]/g, '');
                if(side=="face"){
                    $("#idcardZm").css("width", "90%");
                    $("#idcardZm").css("height", "30%");
                    $("#idcardZm").attr("src",src);
                    $("#idcardName").val(retData.idcardName);
                    $("#skr_zjhm").val(retData.skr_zjhm);
                }else{//back
                    $("#idcardFm").css("width", "90%");
                    $("#idcardFm").css("height", "30%");
                    $("#idcardFm").attr("src",src);
                    $("#issue").val(retData.issue);
                    $("#qfrq").val(retData.qfrq);
                    $("#yxq").val(retData.yxq);
                }
            }else{
                Prompt.alert(data.message);
            }
        },  
        error: function (){
            $(".Z_loading").hide();
            Prompt.alert('上传身份证失败！');  
        }  
    });
}

3.后端Java接收上传文件Controller的代码示例如下：

@RequestMapping(value = "/uploadIdcardFile", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    @ResponseBody
    public ResData uploadIdcardFile(String nsrsbh, HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        MultipartHttpServletRequest multipartRequest = (MultipartHttpServletRequest) request;
        String side = request.getParameter("side");//证件正面或反面标识
        String fileType = request.getParameter("fileType");
        String fileId="";
        if(OcrIdcard.sideFace.equals(side)) {
            fileId="idcardZmFile";
        }else {
            fileId="idcardFmFile";
        }
        MultipartFile file =multipartRequest.getFile(fileId);
        log.info("1.开始上传身份证照片，nsrsbh={},side={}。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。",nsrsbh,side);
        if(StringUtil.isEmpty(file) || file.getSize()==0) {
            logger.error("身份证照片为空!");
            return new ResData(ResponseEnum.REQPARAMS_ERROR.getState(), null, "身份证照片为空！");
        }
        JSONObject result=new JSONObject();
        try {
            //此处开始为具体的业务逻辑处理
            JjSkrIdcard entity=new JjSkrIdcard();
            entity.setNsrsbh(nsrsbh);
            //这里我是数据库存储图片为longblob类型，所以转二进制的
            String imgBase64 = Base64Util.encode(IOUtils.toByteArray(file.getInputStream()));
            ResData ocrIdCard = OcrIdcard.ocrIdCard(side, imgBase64);
            if(!ResponseEnum.SUCCESS.getState().equals(ocrIdCard.getState())) {
                log.info("2.结束并OCR身份证识别异常，nsrsbh={},side={}，异常信息={}。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。",nsrsbh,side,ocrIdCard.getMessage());
                return new ResData(ResponseEnum.FAIL.getState(), null, ocrIdCard.getMessage());
            }else {
                JSONObject parseObject = JSON.parseObject(ocrIdCard.getResult());
                if(!parseObject.getBooleanValue("success")) {
                    return new ResData(ResponseEnum.FAIL.getState(), null, "OCR识别身份证失败!");
                }
                if(OcrIdcard.sideFace.equals(side)) {
                    entity.setSkrIdcardZm(imgBase64);
                    entity.setSkrIdcardZmType(fileType);
                    entity.setIdcardName(parseObject.getString("name"));
                    entity.setIdcardZjhm(parseObject.getString("num"));
                    entity.setAddress(parseObject.getString("address"));
                    entity.setSex(parseObject.getString("sex"));
                    entity.setBirth(parseObject.getString("birth"));
                    entity.setNationality(parseObject.getString("nationality"));
                    result.put("skr_zjhm", entity.getIdcardZjhm());
                    result.put("idcardName", entity.getIdcardName());
                }else {
                    entity.setSkrIdcardFm(imgBase64);
                    entity.setSkrIdcardFmType(fileType);
                    entity.setIssue(parseObject.getString("issue"));
                    entity.setQfrq(parseObject.getString("start_date"));
                    entity.setYxq(parseObject.getString("end_date"));
                    result.put("issue", entity.getIssue());
                    result.put("qfrq", entity.getQfrq());
                    result.put("yxq", entity.getYxq());
                }
            }
            
            QueryWrapper<JjSkrIdcard> queryWrapper =new QueryWrapper<JjSkrIdcard>();
            queryWrapper.eq("nsrsbh", nsrsbh);
            JjSkrIdcard one = JjSkrIdcardService.getOne(queryWrapper);
            if(one==null) {
                entity.setId(SnowFlake.getid());
                entity.setCreateTime(new Date());
                JjSkrIdcardService.save(entity);
            }else {
                entity.setId(one.getId());
                entity.setUpdateTime(new Date());
                JjSkrIdcardService.updateById(entity);
            }
            result.put("cardFile",imgBase64);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.info("2.结束并保存身份证照片异常，nsrsbh={},side={}。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。",nsrsbh,side);
            return new ResData(ResponseEnum.FAIL.getState(), null, "保存身份证照片异常!");
        }
        log.info("2.结束并成功上传身份证照片，nsrsbh={},side={}。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。",nsrsbh,side);
        return new ResData(ResponseEnum.SUCCESS.getState(), result.toJSONString(), ResponseEnum.SUCCESS.getStateInfo());
    }

ps:设置文件上传限制大小
https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_36754290/article/details/124827767