Fatal Not possible to fast-forward, aborting

简介: git是一个很好用的版本管理工具,然而,有时候一些冲突还是让人很郁闷的。遇到过两次merge报错,是在不同的情形下出现的。

git是一个很好用的版本管理工具,然而,有时候一些冲突还是让人很郁闷的。

遇到过两次merge报错,是在不同的情形下出现的。

  • 本地分支各自commit之后,merge
  • 本地master分支 pull 远程master分支

下面记录以下两种情况的处理。


情形1:


我在本地仓库的两条分支devmaster同时开发,各自经过2个提交之后,merge报错:


fatal: Not possible to fast-forward, aborting.


如果git环境是中文的,那么这个错误信息就是这样的:


fatal:无法快进,终止。


问题的原因:

两个分之同时改了同样的地方,造成冲突。

按理,这种冲突也可以直接运行merge,然后手动解决这些冲突,再commit就行了。

然而,这次不行。

那就使用另一种合并分支的办法:rebase,我的目的是将dev合并到master,然后删除dev


git checkout master
git rebase dev


这时候报以下错误:


First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...
Applying: text:I am on master
Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...
M   a.txt
Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge...
Auto-merging a.txt
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in a.txt
error: Failed to merge in the changes.
Patch failed at 0001 text:I am on master
The copy of the patch that failed is found in: .git/rebase-apply/patch
When you have resolved this problem, run "git rebase --continue".
If you prefer to skip this patch, run "git rebase --skip" instead.
To check out the original branch and stop rebasing, run "git rebase --abort".


这时候需要手动去修改冲突的地方:


<<<<<<< HEAD
I am on dev
I am on my mark.
=======
I am on master
>>>>>>> text:I am on master


然后,根据上面报错的提示信息,continue


When you have resolved this problem, run "git rebase --continue".
git rebase --continue 
a.txt: needs merge
You must edit all merge conflicts and then
mark them as resolved using git add


根据提示,add之后,再看下状态:


git add .
git status
rebase in progress; onto 6114f0b
You are currently rebasing branch 'master' on '6114f0b'.
  (all conflicts fixed: run "git rebase --continue")
Changes to be committed:
  (use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)
    modified:   a.txt


已经提示冲突都已经解决,可以继续了:


git rebase --continue
Applying: text:I am on master
Applying: commit 2nd
Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...
M   a.txt
Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge...
Auto-merging a.txt

这时候dev分支已经完全合并到了master分支上了:


git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean


情形2:


其实处理方式跟情形1是一样的,只是稍有不同。


git pull origin master
From https://gitee.com/leonxtp/xxxxx
 * branch            master     -> FETCH_HEAD
fatal: Not possible to fast-forward, aborting.


这时候直接应用rebase解决:

git pull origin master --rebase
First, rewinding head to replay your work on top of it...
Applying: xxxxxx
Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...
M       gradle.properties
Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge...
Auto-merging path/of/file...
Auto-merging path/of/file...
Applying: yyyyyyy
...


关于merge和rebase的区别,可以参考:这篇文章。

个人总结起来就是:


merge不影响原来的commit,并会新增一个合并的commit。

rebase是将目标分支插入到两个分支的共同祖先与当前分支的最后面(不是最新)之间,并且修改当前分支原来的commit,但不会增加新的commit。

问题解决参考SOF。


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