基于GPT格式的磁盘分区
- MBR分区标准决定了MBR的硬盘，为了支持能使用大于2T硬盘空间，需使用GPT格式进行分区。创建大于2TB的分区，需使用parted工具。
MBR是Master Boot Record的简称，也就是主引导记录，是位于磁盘最前边的一段引 导（Loader）代码，主要用来引导操作系统的加载与启动
特点：
- MBR支持最大2TB磁盘，它无法处理大于2TB容量的磁盘
- 只支持最多4个主分区。若想要更多分区，需要创建扩展分区，并在其中创建逻辑分区
GPT磁盘是指使用GUID分区表的磁盘，GUID磁盘分区表（GUID Partition Table，缩写：GPT）其含义为“全局唯一标识磁盘分区表”，是一个实体硬盘的分区表的结构布局的标准
特点：
- GPT对磁盘大小没有限制
- 最多可以创建128个分区
在企业真实环境中，通常一台服务器有多块硬盘，整个硬盘容量为10T，需要基于GTP格式对10T硬盘进行分区，操作步骤如下：
- 确认是否有parted命令
[root@localhost ~]# which parted /usr/sbin/parted 这里安装的有，我们直接使用 [root@localhost ~]# [root@localhost ~]# yum -y install parted 如果没有，需要安装parted 命令
- Parted 命令分为两种模式：命令行模式和交互模式。
- 命令模式：
parted -s /dev/sdb mklabel gpt 设置分区类型为gpt格式； mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb 基于Ext3文件系统类型格式化； mount /dev/sdb /data/ 挂载/dev/sdb设备至/data/目录。
- 交互模式:
parted 直接进入 select /dev/sdb 选择/dev/sdb磁盘 mklabel gpt 格式类型为gpt mkpart primary 0 -1 将整块磁盘分一个分区 print 打印刚分区的磁盘信息 quit 退出 mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 格式化磁盘 moun /dev/sdb1 /data/ 挂在
详细操作情况
[root@localhost ~]# parted GNU Parted 3.1 Using /dev/sda Welcome to GNU Parted! Type 'help' to view a list of commands. (parted) p #打印磁盘信息 Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 1049kB 211MB 210MB primary xfs boot 2 211MB 751MB 540MB primary lvm 3 751MB 32.2GB 31.5GB primary xfs (parted) select /dev/sdb #选择空的磁盘 Using /dev/sdb (parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Disk Flags: Number Start End Size Type File system Flags (parted) mklabel gpt #用GPT分区，支持2T以上的硬盘 Warning: The existing disk label on /dev/sdb will be destroyed and all data on this disk will be lost. Do you want to continue? Yes/No? yes 输入yes (parted) mkpart primary 0 -1 -1 #将整块磁盘分为1个分区 1表示从最开始分区，也可以用百分比表示 Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. Ignore/Cancel? Ignore/Cancel? ignore (parted) print #打印刚分好的分区 Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 21.5GB 21.5GB primary (parted) quit
将磁盘分成多个分区
(parted) mkpart primary File system type? [ext2]? ext4 #选择文件系统类型 Start? 1024 #分区开始位置 End? 2048 #分区结束位置 Error: Partition(s) 1, 2, 3 on /dev/sda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use. As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use. You should reboot now before making further changes. Ignore/Cancel? ignore (parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1024MB 2048MB 1023MB primary (parted) mkpart primary File system type? [ext2]? ext3 Start? 0 End? 1023 Warning: The resulting partition is not properly aligned for best performance. Ignore/Cancel? ignore Error: Partition(s) 1, 2, 3 on /dev/sda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use. As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use. You should reboot now before making further changes. Ignore/Cancel? ignore (parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 2 17.4kB 1023MB 1023MB primary 1 1024MB 2048MB 1023MB primary (parted) mkpart exclude File system type? [ext2]? ext3 Start? 2049 End? 4096 Error: Partition(s) 1, 2, 3 on /dev/sda have been written, but we have been unable to inform the kernel of the change, probably because it/they are in use. As a result, the old partition(s) will remain in use. You should reboot now before making further changes. Ignore/Cancel? ignore (parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 32.2GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 2 17.4kB 1023MB 1023MB primary 1 1024MB 2048MB 1023MB primary 3 2049MB 4096MB 2047MB exclude (parted)
- 如果创建错误，需要删除错误分区
(parted) select /dev/sdb Using /dev/sdb (parted) p Model: VMware, VMware Virtual S (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Disk Flags: Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 17.4kB 21.5GB 21.5GB primary (parted) rm 1 (parted) p
总结
- 磁盘格式化、挂载 参考上期文章 linux 磁盘分区管理
linux磁盘分区管理
