一、JMS简介
JMS是Java平台中的一项消息传递API，用于在两个应用程序或分布式系统之间发送消息。它提供了一种异步通信机制，可以提高系统的可扩展性和解耦性。常见的JMS消息中间件包括ActiveMQ、RabbitMQ和IBM MQ。
二、Spring Boot集成ActiveMQ
1. 引入ActiveMQ依赖
在pom.xml文件中添加ActiveMQ的依赖：
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-activemq</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.activemq</groupId> <artifactId>activemq-broker</artifactId> <version>5.16.3</version> </dependency>
2. 配置ActiveMQ连接
在application.properties文件中配置ActiveMQ连接信息：
spring.activemq.broker-url=tcp://localhost:61616 spring.activemq.user=admin spring.activemq.password=admin
3. 创建消息生产者
package cn.juwatech.jms; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.jms.core.JmsTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class MessageProducer { @Autowired private JmsTemplate jmsTemplate; public void sendMessage(String destination, String message) { jmsTemplate.convertAndSend(destination, message); } }
4. 创建消息消费者
package cn.juwatech.jms; import org.springframework.jms.annotation.JmsListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class MessageConsumer { @JmsListener(destination = "test.queue") public void receiveMessage(String message) { System.out.println("Received message: " + message); } }
5. 启用JMS监听
在Spring Boot应用主类中添加@EnableJms注解：
package cn.juwatech; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.jms.annotation.EnableJms; @SpringBootApplication @EnableJms public class JmsApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(JmsApplication.class, args); } }
三、Spring Boot集成RabbitMQ
1. 引入RabbitMQ依赖
在pom.xml文件中添加RabbitMQ的依赖：
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> </dependency>
2. 配置RabbitMQ连接
在application.properties文件中配置RabbitMQ连接信息：
spring.rabbitmq.host=localhost spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=guest spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
3. 创建消息生产者
package cn.juwatech.rabbitmq; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class RabbitMQProducer { @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void sendMessage(String exchange, String routingKey, String message) { rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(exchange, routingKey, message); } }
4. 创建消息消费者
package cn.juwatech.rabbitmq; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class RabbitMQConsumer { @RabbitListener(queues = "test.queue") public void receiveMessage(String message) { System.out.println("Received message: " + message); } }
5. 配置RabbitMQ队列、交换机和绑定
package cn.juwatech.rabbitmq; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding; import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder; import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue; import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RabbitMQConfig { @Bean public Queue queue() { return new Queue("test.queue", false); } @Bean public TopicExchange exchange() { return new TopicExchange("test.exchange"); } @Bean public Binding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("test.routingkey"); } }
四、总结
通过本文的介绍，我们了解了如何在Spring Boot中集成ActiveMQ和RabbitMQ作为JMS消息中间件。通过这些配置和代码示例，可以轻松地在Spring Boot应用中实现消息的发送和接收，提升系统的可扩展性和解耦性。
