主机名的配置
oracle@yaoyuan ~$ cat /etc/hosts127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6192.168.56.107 yuan yuan.yaoyuanoracle@yaoyuan ~$ hostnameyuan.yaoyuanoracle@yaoyuan ~$ cat /etc/hostname yuan.yaoyuanoracle@yaoyuan ~$ ping yuanPING yuan (192.168.56.107) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from yuan (192.168.56.107): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.071 ms64 bytes from yuan (192.168.56.107): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.057 ms^C--- yuan ping statistics ---2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1039msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.057/0.064/0.071/0.007 msoracle@yaoyuan ~$ ping yuan.yaoyuanPING yuan (192.168.56.107) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from yuan (192.168.56.107): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.072 ms64 bytes from yuan (192.168.56.107): icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.075 ms^C--- yuan ping statistics ---2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1017msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.072/0.073/0.075/0.008 ms
02
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ifconfig
ifconfig命令用于显示或设置网络设备，还可设置网络设备的状态，或是显示目前的设置。
显示网络设备信息和配置IP地址
# ifconfig ...# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.56 //给eth0网卡配置IP地址# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.56 netmask 255.255.255.0 // 给eth0网卡配置IP地址,并加上子掩码# ifconfig eth0 192.168.1.56 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.1.255// 给eth0网卡配置IP地址,加上子掩码,加上个广播地址
查看网络配置文件
oracle@yaoyuan ~$ cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-enp0s8TYPE=EthernetPROXY_METHOD=noneBROWSER_ONLY=no...
配置网卡信息
配置网络服务的工作其实就是在编辑网卡配置文件
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33
➢ 设备类型：TYPE=Ethernet
➢ 地址分配模式：BOOTPROTO=static
➢ 网卡名称：NAME=eno16777736
➢ 是否启动：ONBOOT=yes
➢ IP 地址：IPADDR=192.168.10.10
➢ 子网掩码：NETMASK=255.255.255.0
➢ 网关地址：GATEWAY=192.168.10.1
➢ DNS 地址：DNS1=192.168.10.1
修改了网络配置后，重新启动网络服务：systemctl restart network
关注ONBOOT、IPADDR等
03
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nmtui工具
文本方式的配置网络界面
配置完成后重新启动网络：systemctl restart network
04
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ip工具
ip命令也可以用于配置ip地址和激活网卡
# ip addr...# ip --help...ethtool
05
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ethtool工具
ethtool 是用于查询及设置网卡参数的命令。
ethtool ethx //查询ethx网口基本设置，其中 x 是对应网卡的编号，如eth0、eth1等等
oracle@yaoyuan ~$ ethtool em1 Settings for em1: Supported ports: [ TP ] Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: No Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Supported FEC modes: Not reported Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Half 1000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised FEC modes: Not reported Link partner advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full 100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full 1000baseT/Full Link partner advertised pause frame use: No Link partner advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Link partner advertised FEC modes: Not reported Speed: 1000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: Twisted Pair PHYAD: 1 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: on MDI-X: offCannot get wake-on-lan settings: Operation not permitted Current message level: 0x000000ff (255) drv probe link timer ifdown ifup rx_err tx_err Link detected: yesoracle@yaoyuan ~$ ethtool p5p1Settings for p5p1: Supported ports: [ FIBRE ] Supported link modes: 1000baseT/Full 10000baseT/Full Supported pause frame use: Symmetric Supports auto-negotiation: Yes Supported FEC modes: Not reported Advertised link modes: 1000baseT/Full 10000baseT/Full Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes Advertised FEC modes: Not reported Speed: 10000Mb/s Duplex: Full Port: FIBRE PHYAD: 0 Transceiver: internal Auto-negotiation: onCannot get wake-on-lan settings: Operation not permitted Current message level: 0x00000007 (7) drv probe link Link detected: yes
关注Link detected是否接网线，Speed速度：千兆网或者万兆网。上面两个例子第一个是千兆网第二个是万兆网
当服务器有多个网卡并且已经配置好运行当中，你却没记得eth0、eth1、eth2.....分别对应的是哪个物理的网卡，此时可以使用如下命令：
ethtool -p eth0
此时就会看到 eth0 对应的物理口一个灯在不停地闪烁，对了。这就是我们在系统看到的那个叫eth0的网卡了，就是这么简单。按ctrl+ c停止。
06
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ping和telnet工具
测试到一个远端的ip通或者不同通常用ping，测试端口用telnet。
oracle@yaoyuan ~$ ping 192.168.56.107PING 192.168.56.107 (192.168.56.107) 56(84) bytes of data.64 bytes from 192.168.56.107: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.072 ms64 bytes from 192.168.56.107: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.038 ms^C--- 192.168.56.107 ping statistics ---2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss, time 1002msrtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.038/0.055/0.072/0.017 msoracle@yaoyuan ~$ telnet 192.168.56.107 1521Trying 192.168.56.107...Connected to 192.168.56.107.
