MySQL 是最流行的关系型数据库管理系统，由瑞典MySQL AB公司开发，目前属于Oracle公司。
MySQL所使用的SQL语言是用于访问数据库的最常用标准化语言。
MySQL由于其体积小、速度快、总体拥有成本低，尤其是开放源码这一特点，一般中小型网站的开发都选择MySQL作为网站数据库。
MySQL 配置
1、创建mysql运行使用的用户mysql：
$ /usr/sbin/groupadd mysql $ /usr/sbin/useradd -g mysql mysql
2、创建binlog和库的存储路径并赋予mysql用户权限
$ mkdir -p /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog /www/data_mysql $ chown mysql.mysql /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/ /www/data_mysql/
3、创建my.cnf配置文件
将/etc/my.cnf替换为下面内容
$ cat /etc/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock [mysqld] replicate-ignore-db = mysql replicate-ignore-db = test replicate-ignore-db = information_schema user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /tmp/mysql.sock basedir = /usr/local/webserver/mysql datadir = /www/data_mysql log-error = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_error.log pid-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql.pid open_files_limit = 65535 back_log = 600 max_connections = 5000 max_connect_errors = 1000 table_open_cache = 1024 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet = 32M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 600 #thread_concurrency = 8 query_cache_size = 128M query_cache_limit = 2M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k default-storage-engine = MyISAM default-tmp-storage-engine=MYISAM thread_stack = 192K transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 128M max_heap_table_size = 128M log-slave-updates log-bin = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/binlog/binlog binlog-do-db=oa_fb binlog-ignore-db=mysql binlog_cache_size = 4M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 8M max_binlog_size = 1G relay-log-index = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog relay-log-info-file = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog relay-log = /usr/local/webserver/mysql/relaylog/relaylog expire_logs_days = 10 key_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 16M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 128M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover interactive_timeout = 120 wait_timeout = 120 skip-name-resolve #master-connect-retry = 10 slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062,126,1114,1146,1048,1396 #master-host = 192.168.1.2 #master-user = username #master-password = password #master-port = 3306 server-id = 1 loose-innodb-trx=0 loose-innodb-locks=0 loose-innodb-lock-waits=0 loose-innodb-cmp=0 loose-innodb-cmp-per-index=0 loose-innodb-cmp-per-index-reset=0 loose-innodb-cmp-reset=0 loose-innodb-cmpmem=0 loose-innodb-cmpmem-reset=0 loose-innodb-buffer-page=0 loose-innodb-buffer-page-lru=0 loose-innodb-buffer-pool-stats=0 loose-innodb-metrics=0 loose-innodb-ft-default-stopword=0 loose-innodb-ft-inserted=0 loose-innodb-ft-deleted=0 loose-innodb-ft-being-deleted=0 loose-innodb-ft-config=0 loose-innodb-ft-index-cache=0 loose-innodb-ft-index-table=0 loose-innodb-sys-tables=0 loose-innodb-sys-tablestats=0 loose-innodb-sys-indexes=0 loose-innodb-sys-columns=0 loose-innodb-sys-fields=0 loose-innodb-sys-foreign=0 loose-innodb-sys-foreign-cols=0 slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/webserver/mysql/mysql_slow.log long_query_time = 1 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 32M
4、初始化数据库
$/usr/local/webserver/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --user=mysql
显示如下信息：
Installing MySQL system tables...2015-01-26 20:18:51 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). OK Filling help tables...2015-01-26 20:18:57 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation for more details). OK ...
5、创建开机启动脚本
$ cd /usr/local/webserver/mysql/ $ cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld $ chkconfig --add mysqld $ chkconfig --level 35 mysqld on
6、启动mysql服务器
$ service mysqld start
7、连接 MySQL
$ /usr/local/webserver/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p
修改MySQL用户密码
mysqladmin -u用户名 -p旧密码 password 新密码
或进入mysql命令行
SET PASSWORD FOR '用户名'@'主机' = PASSWORD(‘密码');
创建新用户并授权:
grant all privileges on *.* to 用户名@'%' identified by '密码' with grant option;
其他命令
- 启动：service mysqld start
- 停止：service mysqld stop
- 重启：service mysqld restart
- 重载配置：service mysqld reload
启动MySQL服务器程序，确认状态
1）启动MySQL服务程序
启动服务并查看状态：
[root@dbsvr1 pub]# service mysql start Starting MySQL... [确定] [root@dbsvr1 pub]# service mysql status MySQL running (31724) [确定]
服务器进程为mysqld，监听的默认端口为TCP 3306：
[root@dbsvr1 pub]# netstat -anpt | grep mysql tcp 0 0 :::3306 :::* LISTEN 31724/mysqld
2）查看MySQL服务器进程、运行用户
提供连接服务的进程为mysqld，由其父进程mysqld_safe启动。
[root@dbsvr1 pub]# ps -elf | grep mysqld 4 S root 31619 1 0 80 0 - 2834 wait 15:14 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --pid file=/var/lib/mysql/dbsvr1.tarena.com.pid 4 S mysql 31724 31619 0 80 0 - 252496 poll_s 15:14 pts/0 00:00:01 /usr/sbin/mysqld --basedir=/usr --datadir=/var/lib/mysql --plugin-dir=/usr/lib64/mysql/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/var/lib/mysql/dbsvr1.tarena.com.err --pid-file=/var/lib/mysql/dbsvr1.tarena.com.pid
数据库的默认存放位置为 /var/lib/mysql：
[root@dbsvr1 pub]# ls /var/lib/mysql/ auto.cnf ibdata1 mysql RPM_UPGRADE_HISTORY dbsvr1.tarena.com.err ib_logfile0 mysql.sock RPM_UPGRADE_MARKER-LAST dbsvr1.tarena.com.pid ib_logfile1 performance_schema test
