Spring Boot的主要优点
- 开箱即用，提供各种默认配置
- 内嵌式容器简化Web项目
- 没有冗余代码和XML配置的要求
快速入门
目标：完成Spring Boot基础项目的构建，并且实现一个简单的Http请求处理
使用Maven构建项目或http://start.spring.io/向导构建项目
略
项目结构
src main java com.xxx.controller HelloController resources test java resources
引入Web模块
当前的pom.xml内容如下，仅引入了两个模块：
- spring-boot-starter：核心模块，包括自动配置支持、日志和YAML
- spring-boot-starter-test：测试模块，包括JUnit、Hamcrest、Mockito
<dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies>
引入Web模块，需添加spring-boot-starter-web模块：
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency>
完整的POM文件配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.gemantic</groupId> <artifactId>springboot-hello</artifactId> <packaging>war</packaging> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>springboot-hello Maven Webapp</name> <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>1.4.2.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <!-- <jetty.version>8.1.15.v20140411</jetty.version> <jetty-jsp.version>2.2.0.v201112011158</jetty-jsp.version> <java.version>1.7</java.version> --> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <finalName>springboot-hello</finalName> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build></project>
编写HelloWorld服务
@RestController public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/hello") public String index() { return "Hello World"; } }
编写主程序
@SpringBootApplication public class Server { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Server.class, args); } }
启动主程序，打开浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/hello，可以看到页面输出Hello World
编写单元测试用例
下面编写一个简单的单元测试来模拟http请求，具体如下：
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.equalTo; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status; @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class) @SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = MockServletContext.class) @WebAppConfiguration public class ApplicationTests { private MockMvc mvc; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new HelloController()).build(); } @Test public void getHello() throws Exception { mvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/hello").accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON)) .andExpect(status().isOk()) .andExpect(content().string(equalTo("Hello World"))); } }
