原文地址：一些特别棒的面试题[4]
最近面试了一些公司，拿了一些offer，不记录概念题目，仅记录coding类题目。
小伙伴们空闲时间可以做这些题目练练手。
- 只出现一次的数字
- 汇总区间
- 实现红绿灯效果
- 数组去重
- 返回 excel 表格列名
- 检测空对象
- 实现a+a+a打印'abc'
- 实现一个Event模块
- 大整数相加
- SuperPerson继承Person
- 字符串隐藏部分内容
- 实现一个sum(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)()
- 实现一个sum(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)()升级版：如何实现加，减，乘，除呢？
只出现一次的数字
给定一个非空整数数组，除了某个元素只出现一次以外，其余每个元素均出现两次。找出那个只出现了一次的元素。
示例 1:
输入: [2,2,1]
输出: 1
示例 2:
输入: [4,1,2,1,2]
输出: 4
这是一道leetcode 简单难度的题。
题解：136 只出现一次的数字
/** * @param {number[]} nums * @return {number} */ var singleNumber = function (nums) { /** 解法1：暴力遍历 * 性能：704ms 40.5MB */ let numsSet = Array.from(new Set(nums)); let numsMap = numsSet.map((num) => ({ num, count: 0, })); nums.forEach((num, i) => { numsMap.forEach((numM, j) => { if (numM.num === num) { numM.count++; } }); }); let filterArr = numsMap.filter((num) => num.count === 1); return filterArr[0].num; /** 解法2：Set 首次出现add 二次出现delete * 性能: 72 ms 38MB */ let numsSet = new Set(); for (let i = 0; i < nums.length; i++) { if (!numsSet.has(nums[i])) { numsSet.add(nums[i]); } else { numsSet.delete(nums[i]); } } return [...numsSet][0]; };
汇总区间
给定一个乱序整形数组[0,1,7,13,15,16,2,4,5]，找出其中连续出现的数字区间为如下：["0->2", "4->5", "7", "13", "15->16"]
这是一道leetcode 中等难度的题。
function continuous(arr) { arr.sort((a, b) => a - b); let stack = []; let result = []; for (let i = 0; i < arr.length; i++) { if (stack.length === 0 || arr[i] - stack[stack.length - 1] === 1) { stack.push(arr[i]); } else { if (stack.length > 1) { result.push(`${stack[0]}->${stack[stack.length - 1]}`); } else { result.push(`${stack[0]}`); } stack = []; stack.push(arr[i]); } if (i === arr.length - 1) { if (stack.length > 1) { result.push(`${stack[0]}->${stack[stack.length - 1]}`); } else { result.push(`${stack[0]}`); } } } return result; } console.log(continuous([0, 1, 7, 13, 15, 16, 2, 4, 5]));
实现红绿灯效果，使用console 输出 “红”、“绿”、“黄”示意，等待时间分别为 3s、2s、1s
function trafficCtrl() { // timeline 红0~2 绿3~4 黄5 const borders = { red: 3, green: 5, yellow: 6 }; let current = 0; setInterval(() => { if (current >= 0 && current <= 2) { console.log('红', borders.red - current); } else if (current >= 3 && current <= 4) { console.log('绿', borders.green - current); } else { console.log('黄', borders.yellow - current); } current++; if (current > 5) { current = 0; } }, 1000); } trafficCtrl();
红 3
红 2
红 1
绿 2
绿 1
黄 1
红 3
红 2
…
数组去重
输入：
['1', '2', '3', 1, '2', undefined, undefined, null, null, 1, 'a','b','b'];
输出：
["1", "2", "3", 1, undefined, null, "a", "b"]
// 解法1：includes function removeDuplicate(arr) { const result = []; for(const item of arr){ if(!result.includes(item)) result.push(item); } return result; } // 解法2：Map function removeDuplicate(arr) { const map = new Map(); for(const item of arr){ if(!map.has(item)) map.set(item, true); } const result = [...map.keys()]; return result; } // 解法3：对撞指针 function removeDuplicate(arr) { const map = new Map(); let i = 0; let j = arr.length - 1; while(i<=j){ if(!map.has(arr[i])) map.set(arr[i], true); if(!map.has(arr[j])) map.set(arr[j], true); i++; j--; } const result = [...map.keys()]; return result; } // 解法4：filter function removeDuplicate(arr) { return arr.filter((item, i)=> arr.indexOf(item) === i) }
写一个函数返回 excel 表格列名
输入：1 输出：A
输入：2 输出：B
输入：26 输出：Z
输入：27 输出：AA
输入：52 输出：AZ
这是一道leetcode 简单难度的题。
function getExcelColumn(column) { const obj = {}; let i = 0; const startCode = "A".charCodeAt(); while (i < 26) { obj[i + 1] = String.fromCharCode(startCode + i); i++; } if (column <= 26) { return obj[column] } const stack = []; const left = column % 26; const floor = Math.floor(column / 26); if (left) { stack.unshift(obj[left]) stack.unshift(obj[floor]); } else { stack.unshift('Z') stack.unshift(obj[floor - 1]); } const result = stack.join(""); return result; }
如何检测一个空对象
// 解法1: Object.prototype.toString.call和JSON.stringify function isObjEmpty(obj){ return Object.prototype.toString.call(obj)==="[Object object]" && JSON.stringify({}) === "{}"; } // 解法2: Object.keys() Object.values() function isObjEmpty(obj){ return Object.keys(obj).length === 0 || Object.values(obj).length === 0; } // 解法3：for...in function isObjEmpty(obj){ for(key in obj){ if(key) return false } return true; }
实现a+a+a打印'abc'
console.log(a + a + a); // 打印'abc'
// 题目一 /* console.log(a + a + a); // 打印'abc' */ /** * 解法1: Object.defineProperty() 外部变量 */ let value = "a"; Object.defineProperty(this, "a", { get() { let result = value; if (value === "a") { value = "b"; } else if (value === "b") { value = "c"; } return result; }, }); console.log(a + a + a); /** * 解法1(优化版)：Object.defineProperty() 内部变量 */ Object.defineProperty(this, "a", { get() { this._v = this._v || "a"; if (this._v === "a") { this._v = "b"; return "a"; } else if (this._v === "b") { this._v = "c"; return "b"; } else { return this._v; } }, }); console.log(a + a + a); /** * 解法2: Object.prototpye.valueOf() */ let index = 0; let a = { value: "a", valueOf() { return ["a", "b", "c"][index++]; }, }; console.log(a + a + a); /** * 解法3：charCodeAt，charFromCode */ let code = "a".charCodeAt(0); let count = 0; Object.defineProperty(this, "a", { get() { let char = String.fromCharCode(code + count); count++; return char; }, }); console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc' /** * 解法3(优化版一)：内部变量this._count和_code */ Object.defineProperty(this, "a", { get() { let _code = "a".charCodeAt(0); this._count = this._count || 0; let char = String.fromCharCode(_code + this._count); this._count++; return char; }, }); console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc' /** * 解法3(优化版二)：内部变量this._code */ Object.defineProperty(this, "a", { get() { this._code = this._code || "a".charCodeAt(0); let char = String.fromCharCode(this._code); this._code++; return char; }, }); console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc' /* 题目扩展: 打印`a...z` a+a+a; //'abc' a+a+a+a; //'abcd' */ /** * charCodeAt，charFromCode */ let code = "a".charCodeAt(0); let count = 0; Object.defineProperty(this, "a", { get() { let char = String.fromCharCode(code + count); if (count >= 26) { return ""; } count++; return char; }, }); // 打印‘abc’ console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc' // 打印‘abcd’ let code = "a".charCodeAt(0); let count = 0; // {...定义a...} console.log(a + a + a); // 'abcd' // 打印‘abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz’ let code = "a".charCodeAt(0); let count = 0; // {...定义a...} let str = ""; for (let i = 0; i < 27; i++) { str += a; } console.log(str); // "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" /* 题目扩展（优化版）: 打印`a...z` a+a+a; //'abc' a+a+a+a; //'abcd' */ Object.defineProperty(this, "a", { get() { this._code = this._code || "a".charCodeAt(0); let char = String.fromCharCode(this._code); if (this._code >= "a".charCodeAt(0) + 26) { return ""; } this._code++; return char; }, }); // 打印‘abc’ console.log(a + a + a); // 'abc'
实现一个Event模块
/** * 说明：简单实现一个事件订阅机制，具有监听on和触发emit方法 * 示例： * on(event, func){ ... } * emit(event, ...args){ ... } * once(event, func){ ... } * off(event, func){ ... } * const event = new EventEmitter(); * event.on('someEvent', (...args) => { * console.log('some_event triggered', ...args); * }); * event.emit('someEvent', 'abc', '123'); * event.once('someEvent', (...args) => { * console.log('some_event triggered', ...args); * }); * event.off('someEvent', callbackPointer); // callbackPointer为回调指针，不能是匿名函数 */ class EventEmitter { constructor() { this.listeners = []; } on(event, func) { const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event; const idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback); if (idx === -1) { this.listeners.push({ name: event, callbacks: [func], }); } else { this.listeners[idx].callbacks.push(func); } } emit(event, ...args) { if (this.listeners.length === 0) return; const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event; const idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback); this.listeners[idx].callbacks.forEach((cb) => { cb(...args); }); } once(event, func) { const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event; let idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback); if (idx === -1) { this.listeners.push({ name: event, callbacks: [func], }); } } off(event, func) { if (this.listeners.length === 0) return; const callback = () => (listener) => listener.name === event; let idx = this.listeners.findIndex(callback); if (idx !== -1) { let callbacks = this.listeners[idx].callbacks; for (let i = 0; i < callbacks.length; i++) { if (callbacks[i] === func) { callbacks.splice(i, 1); break; } } } } } // let event = new EventEmitter(); // let onceCallback = (...args) => { // console.log("once_event triggered", ...args); // }; // let onceCallback1 = (...args) => { // console.log("once_event 1 triggered", ...args); // }; // // once仅监听一次 // event.once("onceEvent", onceCallback); // event.once("onceEvent", onceCallback1); // event.emit("onceEvent", "abc", "123"); // // off销毁指定回调 // let onCallback = (...args) => { // console.log("on_event triggered", ...args); // }; // let onCallback1 = (...args) => { // console.log("on_event 1 triggered", ...args); // }; // event.on("onEvent", onCallback); // event.on("onEvent", onCallback1); // event.emit("onEvent", "abc", "123"); // event.off("onEvent", onCallback); // event.emit("onEvent", "abc", "123");
大整数相加
/** * 请通过代码实现大整数（可能比Number.MAX_VALUE大）相加运算 * var bigint1 = new BigInt('1231230'); * var bigint2 = new BigInt('12323123999999999999999999999999999999999999999999999991'); * console.log(bigint1.plus(bigint2)) */ function BigInt(value) { this.value = value; } BigInt.prototype.plus = function (bigint) { let aArr = this.value.split(""); let bArr = bigint.value.split(""); let stack = []; let count = 0; while (aArr.length !== 0 || bArr.length !== 0) { let aPop = aArr.pop() || 0; let bPop = bArr.pop() || 0; let stackBottom = 0; if (stack.length > count) { stackBottom = stack.shift(); } let sum = parseInt(aPop) + parseInt(bPop) + parseInt(stackBottom); if (sum < 10) { stack.unshift(sum); } else if (sum >= 10) { stack.unshift(sum - 10); stack.unshift(1); } count++; } return stack.join(""); };
SuperPerson继承Person
//写一个类Person，拥有属性age和name，拥有方法say(something) //再写一个类Superman，继承Person，拥有自己的属性power，拥有自己的方法fly(height) ES5方式 function Person(age, name){ this.age = age; this.name = name; } Person.prototype.say = function(something) { // ... } function Superman(age, name, power){ Person.call(this, age, name, power); this.power = power; } Superman.prototype = Object.create(Person.prototype); Superman.prototype.constructor = Superman; Superman.prototype.fly = function(height) { // ... } let superman = new Superman(25, 'GaoKai', 'strong'); // class方式 class Person { constructor(age, name){ this.age = age; this.name = name; } say(something){ // ... console.log("say"); } } class Superman extends Person{ constructor(age, name, power){ super(age, name) this.power = power; } fly(height){ // ... console.log("fly"); } } let superman = new Superman(25, 'GaoKai', 'strong');
字符串隐藏部分内容
/** * 字符串隐藏部分内容 * 说明：实现一个方法，接收一个字符串和一个符号，将字符串中间四位按指定符号隐藏 * 1. 符号无指定时使用星号（*） * 2. 接收的字符串小于或等于四位时，返回同样长度的符号串，等同于全隐藏，如 123，隐藏后是 *** * 3. 字符串长度是大于四位的奇数时，如 123456789，隐藏后是 12****789，奇数多出来的一位在末尾 * 示例： * mask('blibaba', '#'); // b####ba * mask('05716666'); // 05****66 * mask('hello'); // ****o * mask('abc', '?'); // ??? * mask('哔里巴巴集团', '?'); // 哔????团 */ function mask(str, char = "*") { if(str.length<=4) return char.repeat(str.length); /* 代码实现 */ let result = ""; let i = Math.floor(str.length / 2) - 1; let j = Math.floor(str.length / 2); while(result.length!==str.length){ if(j - i <= 4){ result = char + result; result += char ; } else { result = (str[i] || "") + result; result += str[j] ; } i--; j++; } return result; }
实现一个sum(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)()
返回结果为这些数字的和：36。
这是一道考察求和+闭包+递归的题目。
function sum(){ const result = [...arguments].reduce((acc, cur)=>acc+cur) return function(){ if(arguments.length === 0)return result return sum(...[...arguments, result]); } }
实现一个sum(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)()升级版：如何实现加，减，乘，除呢？
sum(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)() minus(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)() multiple(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)() divide(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)()
除了考察求和，闭包，递归以外，还考察了柯里化函数。
sum和multiple不用关注顺序。
而minus和divide需要注意顺序，因此在return curried(...[result, ...arguments]);中将result前置了。
function curry(callback){ return function curried (){ const result = callback(arguments) return function(){ if(arguments.length === 0)return result return curried(...[result, ...arguments]); } } } let sum = (args) =>{ return [...args].reduce((acc, cur)=>acc+cur) } let minus = (args) =>{ return [...args].reduce((acc, cur)=>acc-cur) } let multiple = (args) =>{ return [...args].reduce((acc, cur)=>acc*cur) } let divide = (args) =>{ return [...args].reduce((acc, cur)=>acc / cur) } let currySum = curry(sum) let curryMultiple = curry(multiple) let curryDivide = curry(divide) let curryMinus = curry(minus) console.log(currySum(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)()) console.log(curryMultiple(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)()) console.log(curryDivide(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)()) console.log(curryMinus(1,2,3)(4)(5)(6,7)(8)())
