ansible变量的使用方法
1.主机变量:直接在/etc/ansible/hosts文件中,主机的后边设置key=value的格式
注:inventory_hostname是ansible自带的变量,代表组中的每个主机
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#在配置文件中定义主机变量
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
192.168.2.101 key=101
192.168.2.111 key=111
#写playbook,测试主机变量
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat hosts_vars.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: 显示主机变量
debug: msg=
"The server ip is {{ inventory_hostname }},The key is {{ key }}"
#执行playbook,查看主机变量是否正常显示
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.111]
ok: [192.168.2.101]
TASK [显示主机变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is 101"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is 111"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
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2.主机组变量
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#在配置文件中定义主机组变量
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
192.168.2.101
192.168.2.111
[webservers:vars]
ansiber_version=2.3
key=nginx
#写playbook,测试主机组变量
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat hosts_group_vars.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name:
"显示主机组变量"
debug: msg=
"The server ip is {{ inventory_hostname }},The key is {{ key }}"
#执行playbook,查看主机组变量是否正常显示
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# ansible-playbook hosts_group_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.111]
ok: [192.168.2.101]
TASK [显示主机组变量] *****************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is nginx"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is nginx"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
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3.通过/etc/ansible下的文件定义主机以及主机组变量
主机变量目录:host_vars(注:需要在此目录下为每个主机创建一个文件,在此文件中定义变量)
组变量目录:group_vars(注:需要在此目录下创建一个以主机组名命名的文件,在此文件中定义变量)
注:以上两个目录均不存在,需要自己手动创建;mkdir /etc/ansible/{host_vars,group_vars}
注:当需要为所有主机或者所有主机组创建一样的变量时,在host_vars和group_vars目录下,创建all文件并写入变量即可~
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#在配置文件中定义主机组变量
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat /etc/ansible/hosts
[webservers]
192.168.2.101
192.168.2.111
#在host_vars目录下创建以主机名为名字的文件,并在此文件中配置变量,变量格式为: key: value
[root@nfs-server ansible]
# head host_vars/*
==> host_vars
/192
.168.2.101 <==
key: 101
==> host_vars
/192
.168.2.111 <==
key: 111
#在group_vars目录创建以主机组为名字的文件,并在此文件中配置变量,变量格式为:key: value
[root@nfs-server ansible]
# head group_vars/*
name: nginx
#测试主机变量:利用上面写的主机变量playbook进行测试
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.111]
ok: [192.168.2.101]
TASK [显示主机变量和主机组变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is 101"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is 111"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
#测试主机组变量:利用上面写的主机组变量playbook进行测试(把key名字改为了name)
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# ansible-playbook hosts_group_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101]
ok: [192.168.2.111]
TASK [显示主机组变量] *****************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The application is nginx"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The application is nginx"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
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4.通过命令行传入变量,或者变量文件
-e,--extra-vars:此参数表示从命令行传入变量
-e "key=value":直接传递变量的格式
-e "@vars.yml":传递变量文件的格式
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#在playbook中引用一个key为YOURNAME,此key通过命令行传入
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat hosts_vars.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: 显示主机变量和主机组变量
debug: msg=
"The server ip is {{ inventory_hostname }},The key is {{ YOURNAME }}"
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml -e "YOURNAME=liuzhengwei"
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101]
ok: [192.168.2.111]
TASK [显示主机变量和主机组变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is liuzhengwei"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is liuzhengwei"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
#在playbook中引用一个key为YOURNAME,此key通过提前定义的变量文件传入
#下面文件为变量文件
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat vars/vars.yml
abc: LIUZHENGWEI
#通过命令行将此变量文件传入
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml -e "@vars/vars.yml"
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.111]
ok: [192.168.2.101]
TASK [显示主机变量和主机组变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is LIUZHENGWEI"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is LIUZHENGWEI"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
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5.在playbook文件中定义变量:格式为key: value
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#在playbook文件中定义变量abc
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat hosts_vars.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
vars:
abc: liuzhengwei
tasks:
- name: 显示主机变量和主机组变量
debug: msg=
"The server ip is {{ inventory_hostname }},The key is {{ abc }}"
#执行playbook测试变量是否生效
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.111]
ok: [192.168.2.101]
TASK [显示主机变量和主机组变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is liuzhengwei"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is liuzhengwei"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
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6.在playbook文件中引用定义了变量的文件:vars_files
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#在playbook文件中引用定义了变量的文件vars/vars.yml
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat vars/vars.yml
abc: LIUZHENGWEI
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat hosts_vars.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
vars_files:
- vars
/vars
.yml
tasks:
- name: 显示主机变量和主机组变量
debug: msg=
"The server ip is {{ inventory_hostname }},The key is {{ abc }}"
#执行playbook测试变量是否生效
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# ansible-playbook hosts_vars.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101]
ok: [192.168.2.111]
TASK [显示主机变量和主机组变量] ************************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.101,The key is LIUZHENGWEI"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"The server ip is 192.168.2.111,The key is LIUZHENGWEI"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
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7.使用register内的变量
ansible playbook内task之间可以互相传递变量,比如我们总共有2个tasks,其中第2个task是否执行需要判断第一个task运行后的结果,这个时候我们就得在task之间传递数据,需要把第一个task执行的结果传递给第2个task.Ansible task之间传递数据使用register方式。
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#注:这是第1个task把执行hostname的结果register给info这个变量
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat register_var.yml
---
- hosts: webservers
remote_user: root
tasks:
- name: register variables
shell:
hostname
register: info
- name: display variables
#debug: msg="The variable is {{ info['stdout'] }}"
debug: msg=
"The variable is {{ info.stdout }}"
#注:register返回结果是字典的方式,所以用info.stdout或info['stdout']的方式返回结果
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# ansible-playbook register_var.yml
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101]
ok: [192.168.2.111]
TASK [register variables] ******************************************************************************************************************************
changed: [192.168.2.101]
changed: [192.168.2.111]
TASK [display variables] *******************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"The variable is lamp1"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"The variable is lamp2"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0
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8.使用vars_prompt传入变量(vars_prompt是以交互式的方式给定义好的参数传入变量值)
注:交互式传入的变量值可以是加密的也可以是不加密的,用private进行定义
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#交互式输入变量值,传递给tasks,private=no表示输入的变量值不加密,private=yes表示加密
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# cat vars_prompt.yml
---
- hosts: all
remote_user: root
vars_prompt:
- name:
"one"
prompt:
"please input one value"
private: no
- name:
"two"
prompt:
"please input two value"
private:
yes
tasks:
- name: display one value
debug: msg=
"one value is {{ one }}"
- name: display two value
debug: msg=
"two value is {{ two }}"
[root@nfs-server playbook]
# ansible-playbook vars_prompt.yml
please input one value: Liu Zhengwei
please input two value:
PLAY [webservers] **************************************************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *********************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101]
ok: [192.168.2.111]
TASK [display one value] *******************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"one value is Liu Zhengwei"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"one value is Liu Zhengwei"
}
TASK [display two value] *******************************************************************************************************************************
ok: [192.168.2.101] => {
"msg"
:
"two value is age is 28"
}
ok: [192.168.2.111] => {
"msg"
:
"two value is age is 28"
}
PLAY RECAP *********************************************************************************************************************************************
192.168.2.101 : ok=3 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
192.168.2.111 : ok=3 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0
本文转自激情燃烧的岁月博客51CTO博客,原文链接http://blog.51cto.com/liuzhengwei521/1962244如需转载请自行联系原作者 weilovepan520
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