作者：尹正杰
版权声明：原创作品，谢绝转载！否则将追究法律责任。
一.为KVM虚拟机热添加网卡
1.添加网卡前查看环境
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 yinzhengjie-kvm01 running
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh console yinzhengjie-kvm01
Connected to domain yinzhengjie-kvm01
Escape character is ^]
CentOS Linux 7 (Core)
Kernel 3.10.0-1160.el7.x86_64 on an x86_64
yinzhengjie-kvm01 login: root
Password:
Last login: Tue Apr 9 19:07:36 on ttyS0
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d1:32:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.185/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
valid_lft 2301sec preferred_lft 2301sec
inet6 fe80::ae66:b680:585a:e5c2/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]#
2.为KVM虚拟机热添加网卡
1.查看当前环境的网络类型及名称，仅需要关注interface字段即可
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 yinzhengjie-kvm01 running
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh net-list
Name State Autostart Persistent
----------------------------------------------------------
default active yes yes
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh edit yinzhengjie-kvm01
1 <domain type='kvm'>
...
69 <interface type='network'>
70 <mac address='52:54:00:d1:32:de'/>
71 <source network='default'/>
72 <model type='virtio'/>
73 <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x03' function='0x0'/>
74 </interface>
...
2.添加网卡
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 yinzhengjie-kvm01 running
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh net-list
Name State Autostart Persistent
----------------------------------------------------------
default active yes yes
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh attach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 network default
Interface attached successfully
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
3.添加网卡后再次查看环境
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 yinzhengjie-kvm01 running
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh console yinzhengjie-kvm01
Connected to domain yinzhengjie-kvm01
Escape character is ^]
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d1:32:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.185/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
valid_lft 2813sec preferred_lft 2813sec
inet6 fe80::ae66:b680:585a:e5c2/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:76:d0:88 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.225/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens9
valid_lft 3500sec preferred_lft 3500sec
inet6 fe80::542d:198:c0b6:4130/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]#
二.虚拟网卡类型概述
1.常见的虚拟网卡模型概述
不同的虚拟机网卡模型在性能、兼容性和功能方面有一些区别。
在Proxmox Virtual Environment (PVE)中，你可以选择以下不同的虚拟网卡模型：
Realtek RTL8139:
性能：
较为老旧，性能可能不如其他模型。
兼容性：
由于是一种常见的网卡模型，兼容性一般较好。
注意事项：
在某些情况下可能是一种备选方案，但在性能要求较高的情况下可能不是首选。
网卡速度可达到: 10Mb/s~100Mb/s，在市场上可以找到相对应的设备型号。
Intel E1000:
性能：
通常性能较为稳定，适用于许多场景。
兼容性：
具有较好的兼容性，许多操作系统都支持这个模型。
注意事项：
老牌的模型，虽然性能较为稳定，但在高负载和高性能场景下可能不如其他模型。
网卡速度可达到: 1Gb/s，在市场上可以找到相对应的设备型号。
VirtIO (paravirtualized):
性能：
VirtIO是一种为虚拟化环境优化的半虚拟化网络驱动，性能较高，特别是在虚拟机之间有大量数据交换时。
兼容性：
虽然在大多数现代操作系统中有支持，但在一些老旧或不太主流的系统中可能需要安装额外的驱动。
比如说window7默认就不支持这种网络驱动，如果真的想要使用则需要单独下载相应的驱动进行安装哟~
注意事项：
在支持VirtIO的情况下，通常是一个不错的选择，但需要注意操作系统的支持和安装虚拟化驱动。
网卡速度可达到: 10Gb/s。尽管可以达到这个网速，前提是你的磁盘得跟得上这个速度哟。
VMware vmxnet3:
性能：
针对VMware虚拟化环境进行了优化，性能通常较高。
兼容性：
主要用于VMware虚拟机，与其他虚拟化平台的兼容性可能相对较差。
注意事项：
如果你的虚拟机主要在VMware环境中运行，选择vmxnet3可能是一个不错的选择。
在选择虚拟网卡模型时，你需要考虑你的使用场景、操作系统支持、性能需求以及虚拟化平台的差异。
通常来说，对于大多数一般用途的虚拟机，VirtIO或者Intel E1000是比较常见的选择。
温馨提示:
对于KVM虚拟机环境而言，目前仅支持前面3种网络类型。
KVM虚拟机若不指定网卡类型，则默认为"Realtek RTL8139"类型哟~添加网卡后的名称为"ens*"系列。
2.指定Intel E1000的网卡类型
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 yinzhengjie-kvm01 running
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh attach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 network default --model e1000
Interface attached successfully
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh console yinzhengjie-kvm01
Connected to domain yinzhengjie-kvm01
Escape character is ^]
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d1:32:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.185/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
valid_lft 2850sec preferred_lft 2850sec
inet6 fe80::ae66:b680:585a:e5c2/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:76:d0:88 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.225/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens9
valid_lft 2153sec preferred_lft 2153sec
inet6 fe80::542d:198:c0b6:4130/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: ens10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d3:f2:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.218/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens10
valid_lft 3598sec preferred_lft 3598sec
inet6 fe80::895:66f7:4ea5:e442/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]#
3.指定VirtIO的网卡类型
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 yinzhengjie-kvm01 running
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh attach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 network default --model virtio
Interface attached successfully
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh console yinzhengjie-kvm01
Connected to domain yinzhengjie-kvm01
Escape character is ^]
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d1:32:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.185/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
valid_lft 2679sec preferred_lft 2679sec
inet6 fe80::ae66:b680:585a:e5c2/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:76:d0:88 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.225/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens9
valid_lft 1983sec preferred_lft 1983sec
inet6 fe80::542d:198:c0b6:4130/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: ens10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d3:f2:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.218/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens10
valid_lft 3427sec preferred_lft 3427sec
inet6 fe80::895:66f7:4ea5:e442/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:50:a6:dd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.206/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth1
valid_lft 3600sec preferred_lft 3600sec
inet6 fe80::87df:ffca:8adf:d3af/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]#
三.为KVM虚拟机热移除网卡
1.为虚拟机移除指定mac地址网卡
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh console yinzhengjie-kvm01
Connected to domain yinzhengjie-kvm01
Escape character is ^]
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d1:32:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.185/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
valid_lft 2484sec preferred_lft 2484sec
inet6 fe80::ae66:b680:585a:e5c2/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:76:d0:88 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.225/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens9
valid_lft 3568sec preferred_lft 3568sec
inet6 fe80::542d:198:c0b6:4130/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
4: ens10: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d3:f2:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.218/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens10
valid_lft 3232sec preferred_lft 3232sec
inet6 fe80::895:66f7:4ea5:e442/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
5: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:50:a6:dd brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.206/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth1
valid_lft 3405sec preferred_lft 3405sec
inet6 fe80::87df:ffca:8adf:d3af/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh detach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 network --mac 52:54:00:50:a6:dd
Interface detached successfully
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh detach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 network --mac 52:54:00:d3:f2:07
Interface detached successfully
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
2.移除网卡后查看虚拟机网卡信息
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh list
Id Name State
----------------------------------------------------
2 yinzhengjie-kvm01 running
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]#
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm189 ~]# virsh console yinzhengjie-kvm01
Connected to domain yinzhengjie-kvm01
Escape character is ^]
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:d1:32:de brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.185/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
valid_lft 3214sec preferred_lft 3214sec
inet6 fe80::ae66:b680:585a:e5c2/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
3: ens9: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:76:d0:88 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.122.225/24 brd 192.168.122.255 scope global noprefixroute dynamic ens9
valid_lft 2880sec preferred_lft 2880sec
inet6 fe80::542d:198:c0b6:4130/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@yinzhengjie-kvm01 ~]#
四.永久配置
和热添加磁盘一样，热添加网卡也有临时配置和永久配置之分，套路几乎一样。
添加网卡配置的两种方式:
1.临时配置
virsh attach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 network default
2.永久配置
virsh attach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 network default --config
移除网卡配置的两种方式:
1.临时配置
virsh detach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 network --mac <网卡的MAC地址>
2.永久配置
virsh detach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 network --mac <网卡的MAC地址> --config
五.其他注意事项
- windows 7虚拟机就不支持VirtIO网络，需要单独为其虚拟机安装相应的驱动哟;
- 对于桥接网络网卡的添加案例(前提是你配置了桥接环境):
virsh attach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 --type bridge --source br0 --model virtio
virsh attach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 --type bridge --source br0 --model virtio --config
virsh detach-interface yinzhengjie-kvm01 --type bridge --mac 52:54:00:50:a6:dd
