1. 用栈实现队列
请你仅使用两个栈实现先入先出队列。队列应当支持一般队列支持的所有操作(push、pop、peek、empty):
实现 MyQueue 类:
void push(int x) 将元素 x 推到队列的末尾
int pop() 从队列的开头移除并返回元素
int peek() 返回队列开头的元素
boolean empty() 如果队列为空,返回 true ;否则,返回 false
说明:
你只能使用标准的栈操作 —— 也就是只有 push to top, peek/pop from top, size, 和 is empty 操作是合法的。
你所使用的语言也许不支持栈。你可以使用 list 或者 deque(双端队列)来模拟一个栈,只要是标准的栈操作即可。
进阶:
你能否实现每个操作均摊时间复杂度为 O(1) 的队列?换句话说,执行 n 个操作的总时间复杂度为 O(n) ,即使其中一个操作可能花费较长时间。
示例:
输入: ["MyQueue", "push", "push", "peek", "pop", "empty"] [[], [1], [2], [], [], []] 输出: [null, null, null, 1, 1, false] 解释: MyQueue myQueue = new MyQueue(); myQueue.push(1); // queue is: [1] myQueue.push(2); // queue is: [1, 2] (leftmost is front of the queue) myQueue.peek(); // return 1 myQueue.pop(); // return 1, queue is [2] myQueue.empty(); // return false
提示:
1 <= x <= 9- 最多调用
100次push、pop、peek和empty - 假设所有操作都是有效的 (例如,一个空的队列不会调用
pop或者peek操作)
代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; class MyQueue { public: /** Initialize your data structure here. */ stack<int> a, b; MyQueue() { } /** Push element x to the back of queue. */ void push(int x) { while (!b.empty()) { a.push(b.top()); b.pop(); } b.push(x); while (!a.empty()) { b.push(a.top()); a.pop(); } } /** Removes the element from in front of queue and returns that element. */ int pop() { int res = b.top(); b.pop(); return res; } /** Get the front element. */ int peek() { return b.top(); } /** Returns whether the queue is empty. */ bool empty() { return b.empty(); } }; int main() { MyQueue myQueue = MyQueue(); myQueue.push(1); // queue is: [1] myQueue.push(2); // queue is: [1, 2] (leftmost is front of the queue) cout << myQueue.peek() << endl; // return 1 cout << myQueue.pop() << endl; // return 1, queue is [2] myQueue.empty(); // return false return 0; }
输出:
1
1
2. 单词搜索 II
给定一个 m x n 二维字符网格 board 和一个单词(字符串)列表 words,找出所有同时在二维网格和字典中出现的单词。
单词必须按照字母顺序,通过 相邻的单元格 内的字母构成,其中“相邻”单元格是那些水平相邻或垂直相邻的单元格。同一个单元格内的字母在一个单词中不允许被重复使用。
示例 1:
输入:board = [["o","a","a","n"],["e","t","a","e"],["i","h","k","r"],["i","f","l","v"]], words = ["oath","pea","eat","rain"]
输出:["eat","oath"]
示例 2:
输入:board = [["a","b"],["c","d"]], words = ["abcb"]
输出:[]
提示:
m == board.length
n == board[i].length
1 <= m, n <= 12
board[i][j] 是一个小写英文字母
1 <= words.length <= 3 * 10^4
1 <= words[i].length <= 10
words[i] 由小写英文字母组成
words 中的所有字符串互不相同
代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; class Solution { public: struct Node { bool isflag = false; Node *next[27] = {}; }; set<string> res; vector<string> ans; Node *root; vector<int> dirx{0, 0, 1, -1}; vector<int> diry{1, -1, 0, 0}; bool flag; void createtree(vector<string> &words) { root = new Node(); for (auto w : words) { Node *p = root; for (int i = 0; i < w.length(); i++) { if (p->next[w[i] - 'a'] == NULL) { p->next[w[i] - 'a'] = new Node(); } p = p->next[w[i] - 'a']; } p->isflag = true; } } void backtrack(vector<vector<char>> &board, vector<vector<bool>> visited, int row, int col, Node *roott, string cur) { cur += board[row][col]; roott = roott->next[board[row][col] - 'a']; if (!roott) return; if (roott->isflag == true) { res.insert(cur); flag = true; } visited[row][col] = true; for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) { int nx = row + dirx[i]; int ny = col + diry[i]; if (nx < 0 || ny < 0 || nx >= board.size() || ny >= board[0].size()) continue; if (visited[nx][ny] == false) { backtrack(board, visited, nx, ny, roott, cur); } } } vector<string> findWords(vector<vector<char>> &board, vector<string> &words) { if (board.size() == 0 || words.size() == 0) return ans; createtree(words); for (int i = 0; i < board.size(); i++) { for (int j = 0; j < board[i].size(); j++) { Node *p = root; flag = false; if (p->next[board[i][j] - 'a']) { vector<vector<bool>> visited{board.size(), vector<bool>(board[0].size(), false)}; backtrack(board, visited, i, j, p, ""); } } } set<string>::iterator it; for (it = res.begin(); it != res.end(); it++) ans.push_back(*it); return ans; } }; int main() { Solution s; vector<vector<char>> board = { {'o','a','a','n'}, {'e','t','a','e'}, {'i','h','k','r'}, {'i','f','l','v'}}; vector<string> words = {"oath","pea","eat","rain"}; for (auto str: s.findWords(board, words)) cout << str << " "; cout << endl; return 0; }
输出:
eat oath
3. 直线上最多的点数
给你一个数组points ,其中 points[i] = [xi, yi] 表示 X-Y 平面上的一个点。求最多有多少个点在同一条直线上。
示例 1:
输入:points = [[1,1],[2,2],[3,3]]
输出:3
示例 2:
输入:points = [[1,1],[3,2],[5,3],[4,1],[2,3],[1,4]]
输出:4
提示:
1 <= points.length <= 300
points[i].length == 2
-10^4 <= xi, yi <= 10^4
points 中的所有点 互不相同
代码:
#include <bits/stdc++.h> using namespace std; struct Point { int x; int y; Point() : x(0), y(0) {} Point(int a, int b) : x(a), y(b) {} }; class Solution { public: int maxPoints(vector<Point> &points) { int ans = 0; for (int i = 0; i < points.size(); ++i) { map<pair<int, int>, int> m; int p = 1; for (int j = i + 1; j < points.size(); ++j) { if (points[i].x == points[j].x && (points[i].y == points[j].y)) { ++p; continue; } int dx = points[j].x - points[i].x; int dy = points[j].y - points[i].y; int d = gcd(dx, dy); ++m[{dx / d, dy / d}]; } ans = max(ans, p); for (auto it = m.begin(); it != m.end(); ++it) { ans = max(ans, it->second + p); } } return ans; } int gcd(int a, int b) { return (b == 0) ? a : gcd(b, a % b); } }; int main() { Solution s; vector<Point> points = {{1,1},{2,2},{3,3}}; cout << s.maxPoints(points) << endl; points = {{1,1},{3,2},{5,3},{4,1},{2,3},{1,4}}; cout << s.maxPoints(points) << endl; return 0; }
输出:
3
4



