说在前面
JavaScript也有许多可以用来生成词云图的库,但我自己其实都没有使用过,之前使用python的时候倒是用过python的wordcloud库,wordcloud库配合jieba库就可以很好的满足词频统计的需求,但在JavaScript这边我还没有了解很多词频统计这块的相关知识,在网上搜索了一番好像都没有搜索到有有关词频统计的相关库,而在词云生成这一方面的相关库倒是发现有不少,如:js2wordcloud、wordcloud2 等等……这些库都很好地实现了词云图片的展示,现在我也尝试着简单封装一个自己使用的简洁版词云图
思路
实现效果
词云图需要实现的效果大致可以总结如下:
- 1、根据词频设置不同的字体大小
- 2、给单词渲染不同的随机颜色
- 3、随机排布单词的位置
关键代码
1、根据词频设置不同的字体大小
maxSize与minSize设置最大字体和最小字体的比例,并不是实际的字体大小,字体大小的计算方式如下:
- 1、计算最大字体和最小字体的中位数最为基准(该基准的字体大小即为this.baseSize,其余均在此基准上下浮动)
const baseSize = (this.maxSize + this.minSize) / 2;
- 2、通过词频比例计算出字体的大小的浮动值
const addSize =
((this.maxSize - this.minSize) * (freq - this.minFreq)) /
(this.maxFreq - this.minFreq);
- 3、计算出具体的字体大小
(字体最小值 + 浮动值) / 基准值 = 实际字体比例
实际字体比例 * 实际设置基准值 = 实际字体大小
((this.minSize + addSize) / baseSize) * this.baseSize + "rem";
- 4、完整代码如下
//通过词频计算字体大小
getSize(freq) {
const baseSize = (this.maxSize + this.minSize) / 2;
const addSize =
((this.maxSize - this.minSize) * (freq - this.minFreq)) /
(this.maxFreq - this.minFreq);
return (
((this.minSize + addSize) / baseSize) * this.baseSize + "rem"
);
},
2、给单词渲染不同的随机颜色
颜色的rgb值为3个0\~255的数字组成,我们只要随机生成3个0~255范围的数字组合即可,具体代码如下:
//随机获取颜色
getRandomColor() {
let res = "rgb(";
res += this.getRandomNum(0, 255) + ",";
res += this.getRandomNum(0, 255) + ",";
res += this.getRandomNum(0, 255) + ")";
return res;
},
//获取随机数
getRandomNum(minN, maxN) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (maxN - minN + 1) + minN);
},
3、随机排布单词的位置
对于单词位置排布这边有两个实现方案,但两个方案各有好处与缺点。
- 1、绝对布局设置单词位置
优点:单词位置随机性高
缺点:需要处理单词位置重叠问题(选择了方案二,所以目前还没有去解决这个问题)
实现思路:
(1)在范围内随机获取坐标
//随机获取坐标
getRandomPoint() {
const width = this.width,
height = this.height,
pointList = this.pointList,
showTextList = this.showTextList;
const x = this.getRandomNum(0, width - 20),
y = this.getRandomNum(0, height - 20);
return { x: x, y: y };
},
(2)组合对应样式
//组合样式
getStyle(item, index) {
const height = parseFloat(item.size) * 16;
const width = parseFloat(item.size) * 20 * item.text.length;
let res = "";
res += "font-size:" + item.size + ";";
res += "position: absolute;";
res +=
"top:" +
Math.max(0, Math.min(item.point.y, this.width - width)) +
"px;";
res +=
"left:" +
Math.max(0, Math.min(item.point.x, this.height - height)) +
"px;";
res += "color:" + item.color + ";";
return res;
},
- 2、浮动布局设置单词位置
优点:单词位置不会重叠
缺点:单词位置随机性低
实现思路:
(1)在范围内随机获取坐标
//随机获取坐标
getRandomPoint() {
const width = this.width,
height = this.height,
pointList = this.pointList,
showTextList = this.showTextList;
const x = this.getRandomNum(0, width - 20),
y = this.getRandomNum(0, height - 20);
return { x: x, y: y };
},
(2)组合对应样式
//组合样式
getStyle(item, index) {
const height = parseFloat(item.size) * 16;
const width = parseFloat(item.size) * 20 * item.text.length;
let res = "";
res += "float: left;";
res += "font-size:" + item.size + ";";
res += "color:" + item.color + ";";
return res;
},
完整代码
完整代码实现如下:
<template>
<div>
<div
class="j-word-cloud"
:style="'min-height:' + height + 'px;width:' + width + 'px;'"
>
<span
v-for="(item, index) in showTextList"
:key="index"
:id="'word-' + index"
:style="getStyle(item, index)"
>
{{ item.text }}
</span>
</div>
<div @click="init()">刷新</div>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "JWordCloud",
props: {
textList: {
type: Array,
default: () => {
return [
{ text: "单词", freq: 10 },
{ text: "单词1", freq: 5 },
{ text: "单词2", freq: 7 },
{ text: "单词3", freq: 2 },
{ text: "单词5", freq: 3 },
{ text: "单词6", freq: 4 },
{ text: "单词7", freq: 5 },
{ text: "单词8", freq: 6 },
{ text: "单词9", freq: 6 },
{ text: "单词10", freq: 8 },
{ text: "单词11", freq: 4 },
{ text: "单词12", freq: 2 },
{ text: "单词13", freq: 4 },
{ text: "单词14", freq: 3 },
{ text: "单词15", freq: 1 },
{ text: "单词16", freq: 5 }
];
}
},
width: {
type: Number,
default: 300
},
colorList: {
type: Array,
default: () => []
},
baseSize: {
type: Number,
default: 2
},
maxSize: {
type: Number,
default: 5
},
minSize: {
type: Number,
default: 1
},
transformDeg: {
type: Array,
default: () => {
return [-45, 45];
}
}
},
data() {
return {
maxFreq: 0,
minFreq: 0,
showTextList: [],
pointList: [],
height: 200
};
},
mounted() {
this.init();
},
methods: {
init() {
this.initData();
this.comShowtexList();
this.getFourPoints();
},
//组合样式
getStyle(item, index) {
const height = parseFloat(item.size) * 16;
const width = parseFloat(item.size) * 20 * item.text.length;
let res = "";
res += "font-size:" + item.size + ";";
// res += "position: absolute;";
res += "float: left;";
// res +=
// "top:" +
// Math.max(0, Math.min(item.point.y, this.width - width)) +
// "px;";
// res +=
// "left:" +
// Math.max(0, Math.min(item.point.x, this.height - height)) +
// "px;";
res += "color:" + item.color + ";";
// res += "transform:rotate(" + item.deg + "deg);";
return res;
},
//计算旋转后的坐标
getTransformPoint(x, y, deg) {
deg = parseFloat(deg);
let rx = (Math.cos(deg * Math.PI) / 180) * x,
ry = (Math.sin(deg * Math.PI) / 180) * x;
return { tx: x + rx, ty: y + ry };
},
//随机获取坐标
getRandomPoint() {
const width = this.width,
height = this.height,
pointList = this.pointList,
showTextList = this.showTextList;
const x = this.getRandomNum(0, width - 20),
y = this.getRandomNum(0, height - 20);
return { x: x, y: y };
},
//随机获取颜色
getRandomColor() {
let res = "rgb(";
res += this.getRandomNum(0, 255) + ",";
res += this.getRandomNum(0, 255) + ",";
res += this.getRandomNum(0, 255) + ")";
return res;
},
//随机获取角度
getRandomdeg() {
let res = "";
res += this.getRandomNum(
this.transformDeg[0],
this.transformDeg[1]
);
return res;
},
//获取随机数
getRandomNum(minN, maxN) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (maxN - minN + 1) + minN);
},
//初始化
initData() {
const textList = this.textList;
let maxF = textList[0].freq,
minF = textList[0].freq;
textList.map(item => {
maxF = Math.max(maxF, item.freq);
minF = Math.min(minF, item.freq);
});
this.maxFreq = maxF;
this.minFreq = minF;
},
//通过词频计算字体大小
getSize(freq) {
const baseSize = (this.maxSize + this.minSize) / 2;
const addSize =
((this.maxSize - this.minSize) * (freq - this.minFreq)) /
(this.maxFreq - this.minFreq);
return (
((this.minSize + addSize) / baseSize) * this.baseSize + "rem"
);
},
//获取四个顶点坐标
getFourPoints() {
this.$nextTick(() => {
let showTextList = this.showTextList;
let newHeight = 0;
for (let i = 0; i < showTextList.length; i++) {
let id = "word-" + i;
let dom = document.getElementById(id);
let tl = { x: dom.offsetLeft, y: dom.offsetTop };
let tr = {
x: dom.offsetLeft + dom.offsetWidth,
y: dom.offsetTop
};
let bl = {
x: dom.offsetLeft,
y: dom.offsetTop + dom.offsetHeight
};
let br = {
x: dom.offsetLeft + dom.offsetWidth,
y: dom.offsetTop
};
newHeight = Math.max(newHeight, bl.y);
showTextList[i].fourPoints = {
tl: tl,
tr: tr,
bl: bl,
br: br
};
}
this.height = newHeight;
});
},
//组装显示列表属性数据
comShowtexList() {
let showTextList = [];
this.textList.map(item => {
let temp = item;
temp.size = this.getSize(item.freq);
const point = this.getRandomPoint();
const color = this.getRandomColor();
const deg = this.getRandomdeg();
this.pointList.push(point);
temp.point = point;
temp.color = color;
temp.deg = deg;
showTextList.push(temp);
});
showTextList = showTextList.sort((a, b) => {
return 0.5 - Math.random();
});
this.showTextList = showTextList;
}
}
};
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
.j-word-cloud {
border: 1px solid black;
position: relative;
span {
transform-origin: 0 0;
padding: 0.1rem;
margin: 0 auto;
}
}
</style>
代码地址
预览(文档):http://120.79.163.94/JYeontuComponents/#/JWordCloudView
gitee源码:https://gitee.com/zheng_yongtao/jyeontu-component-warehouse