很多文章将Binder框架定义了四个角色:Server,Client,ServiceManager、以及Binder驱动,但这容易将人引导到歧途:好像所有的Binder服务都需要去ServiceManager去注册才能使用,其实不是这样。例如,平时APP开发通过bindService启动的服务,以及有些自己定义的AIDL远程调用,都不一定都ServiceManager注册这条路,个人理解:ServiceManager主要功能是:管理系统服务,比如AMS、WMS、PKMS服务等,而APP通过的bindService启动的Binder服务其实是由SystemServer的ActivityManagerService负责管理。这篇主要关注Android APP Java层Binder通信一些奇葩点:
- ServiceManager addService的限制(并非服务都能使用ServiceManager的addService)
- bindService启动Service与Binder服务实体的流程
- Java层Binder实体与与BinderProxy是如何实例化及使用的,与Native层的关系是怎样的
- Parcel readStrongBinder与writeStrongBinder的原理(首先两端知晓)
ServiceManager addService的限制--并非所有服务都能通过addService添加到ServiceManager
ServiceManager其实主要的面向对象是系统服务,大部分系统服务都是由SystemServer进程总添加到ServiceManager中去的,在通过ServiceManager添加服务的时候,是有些权限校验的,源码如下:
int svc_can_register(unsigned uid, uint16_t *name) { unsigned n; // 谁有权限add_service 0进程,或者 AID_SYSTEM进程 if ((uid == 0) || (uid == AID_SYSTEM)) return 1; for (n = 0; n < sizeof(allowed) / sizeof(allowed[0]); n++) if ((uid == allowed[n].uid) && str16eq(name, allowed[n].name)) return 1; return 0; }
可以看到 (uid == 0) 或者 (uid == AID_SYSTEM)的进程都是可以添加服务的,uid=0,代表root用户,而uid=AID_SYSTEM,代表系统用户 。或者是一些特殊的配置进程。SystemServer进程在被Zygote创建的时候,就被分配了UID 是AID_SYSTEM(1000),
private static boolean startSystemServer() throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException { /* Hardcoded command line to start the system server */ String args[] = { "--setuid=1000", "--setgid=1000", "--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007", "--capabilities=130104352,130104352", "--runtime-init", "--nice-name=system_server", "com.android.server.SystemServer", };
Android每个APP的UID,都是不同的,用了Linux的UID那一套,但是没完全沿用,这里不探讨,总之,普通的进程是没有权限注册到ServiceManager中的,那么APP平时通过bindService启动的服务怎么注册于查询的呢?接管这个任务的就是SystemServer的ActivityManagerService。
bindService启动Service与Binder服务实体的流程 (ActivityManagerService)
- bindService的框架
- binder服务实例化与转化
- 业务逻辑的唤醒
- 请求代理的转化与唤醒
bindService比startService多了一套Binder通信,其余的流程基本相同,而startService的流程,同startActivity差不多,四大组件的启动流程这里不做分析点,主要看bindService中C/S通信的建立流程,在这个流程里面,APP与服务端互为C/S的特性更明显,在APP开发的时候,binder服务是通过Service来启动的。Service的启动方式有两种startService,与bindService,这里只考虑后者,另外启动的binder服务也分为两种情况:第一种,client同server位于同一进程,可以看做内部服务,第二种,Client与Server跨进程,即使是位于同一个APP,第一桶可以不用AIDL来编写,但是第二种必须通过AIDL实现跨进程通信,看一个最简单的AIDL例子,首先在定义一个aidl接口:
IMyAidlInterface.aidl
interface IMyAidlInterface {
void communicate(int count);
}
IMyAidlInterface.aidl定义了通信的借口,通过build之后,构建工具会自动为IMyAidlInterface.aidl生成一些辅助类,这些辅助类主要作用是生成Binder通信协议框架,必须保证两方通信需要指令相同,才能解析通信内容。天王盖地虎,宝塔镇河妖。Java层Binder的对应关系Binder与BinderProxy从这里可以看出,binder采用了代理模式 stub与proxy对应,使用aidl实现的服务时候,Client如果想要获得Binder实体的代理可以通过asInterface来处理,比如如果在同一进程就是实体,不在就新建代理对象
public interface IMyAidlInterface extends android.os.IInterface { public static abstract class Stub extends android.os.Binder implements com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface { private static final java.lang.String DESCRIPTOR = "com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface"; public Stub() { this.attachInterface(this, DESCRIPTOR); } public static com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) { if ((obj == null)) { return null; } android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR); if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface))) { return ((com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface) iin); } return new com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface.Stub.Proxy(obj); } @Override public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return this; } @Override public boolean onTransact(int code, android.os.Parcel data, android.os.Parcel reply, int flags) throws android.os.RemoteException { switch (code) { case INTERFACE_TRANSACTION: { reply.writeString(DESCRIPTOR); return true; } case TRANSACTION_communicate: { data.enforceInterface(DESCRIPTOR); int _arg0; _arg0 = data.readInt(); this.communicate(_arg0); reply.writeNoException(); return true; } } return super.onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); } private static class Proxy implements com.snail.labaffinity.IMyAidlInterface { private android.os.IBinder mRemote; Proxy(android.os.IBinder remote) { mRemote = remote; } @Override public android.os.IBinder asBinder() { return mRemote; } public java.lang.String getInterfaceDescriptor() { return DESCRIPTOR; } @Override public void communicate(int count) throws android.os.RemoteException { android.os.Parcel _data = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); android.os.Parcel _reply = android.os.Parcel.obtain(); try { _data.writeInterfaceToken(DESCRIPTOR); _data.writeInt(count); mRemote.transact(Stub.TRANSACTION_communicate, _data, _reply, 0); _reply.readException(); } finally { _reply.recycle(); _data.recycle(); } } } static final int TRANSACTION_communicate = (android.os.IBinder.FIRST_CALL_TRANSACTION + 0); } public void communicate(int count) throws android.os.RemoteException; }
启动Binder服务端封装Service,之所以成为封装Service,是因为Service对于Binder实体的最大作用是个作为新建服务的入口:
public class AidlService extends Service { @Nullable @Override public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { return new BBinderService(); } public class BBinderService extends IMyAidlInterface.Stub { @Override public void communicate(int count) throws RemoteException { } } }
而启动的入口
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { ... void bind(){ Intent intent = createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(MainActivity.this, new Intent("com.snail.labaffinity.service.AidlService")); bindService(intent, new ServiceConnection() { @Override public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName componentName, IBinder iBinder) { IMyAidlInterface iMyAidlInterface = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(iBinder); } @Override public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName componentName) { } }, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } }
以上四个部分就组成了AIDL跨进程服务的基本组件,现在从ActivitybindService入口开始分析:bindService大部分的流程与startActivity类似,其实都是通过AMS启动组件,这里只将一些不同的地方,Activity启动只需要Intent就可以了,而Service的bind需要一个ServiceConnection对象,这个对象其实是为了AMS端在启动Service后回调用的,ServiceConnection是个接口,其实例在ContextImpl的:
private boolean bindServiceCommon(Intent service, ServiceConnection conn, int flags, UserHandle user) { IServiceConnection sd; if (conn == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("connection is null"); } if (mPackageInfo != null) { sd = mPackageInfo.getServiceDispatcher(conn, getOuterContext(), mMainThread.getHandler(), flags); } else { throw new RuntimeException("Not supported in system context"); } validateServiceIntent(service); try { IBinder token = getActivityToken(); if (token == null && (flags & BIND_AUTO_CREATE) == 0 && mPackageInfo != null && mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.ICE_CREAM_SANDWICH) { flags |= BIND_WAIVE_PRIORITY; } service.prepareToLeaveProcess(); int res = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService( mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), getActivityToken(), service, service.resolveTypeIfNeeded(getContentResolver()), sd, flags, getOpPackageName(), user.getIdentifier()); if (res < 0) { throw new SecurityException( "Not allowed to bind to service " + service); } return res != 0; } catch (RemoteException e) { throw new RuntimeException("Failure from system", e); } }
mPackageInfo是一个LoadApk类,通过它的getServiceDispatcher获得一个IServiceConnection对象,这个对象一个Binder实体,看一下具体原理
public final IServiceConnection getServiceDispatcher(ServiceConnection c, Context context, Handler handler, int flags) { synchronized (mServices) { LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher sd = null; ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher> map = mServices.get(context); if (map != null) { sd = map.get(c); } if (sd == null) { sd = new ServiceDispatcher(c, context, handler, flags); if (map == null) { map = new ArrayMap<ServiceConnection, LoadedApk.ServiceDispatcher>(); mServices.put(context, map); } map.put(c, sd); } else { sd.validate(context, handler); } return sd.getIServiceConnection(); } }
在LoadApk中IServiceConnection对象是通过context键值来存储ServiceDispatcher对象,而ServiceDispatcher对象内存会有个InnerConnection对象,该对象就是getServiceDispatcher的返回对象。因此bindServiceCommon最终调用
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().bindService(x,x,x,x,x sd, x, x, x) 的时候,传递的参数sd其实就是一个InnerConnection对象,这是个Binder实体。但是,Binder.java中的Binder只是对native层BBinder的一个简单封装,真正的实例化还是通过JNI到native层去创建一个JavaBBinderHolder对象,并初始化gBinderOffsets,让其能映射Java层Binder对象,而JavaBBinderHolder中又可以实例化BBinder的实例JavaBBinder,不过BBinder的实例化时机并不在这里,而是在Parcel对象writeStrongBinder的时候,
static struct bindernative_offsets_t { // Class state. jclass mClass; jmethodID mExecTransact; // Object state. jfieldID mObject; } gBinderOffsets; static void android_os_Binder_init(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj) { JavaBBinderHolder* jbh = new JavaBBinderHolder(); jbh->incStrong((void*)android_os_Binder_init); env->SetIntField(obj, gBinderOffsets.mObject, (int)jbh); }
继续往下看bindService,会调用到ActivityManagerProxy的bindService
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service, String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags, int userId) throws RemoteException { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(); data.writeInterfaceToken(IActivityManager.descriptor); data.writeStrongBinder(caller != null ? caller.asBinder() : null); data.writeStrongBinder(token); service.writeToParcel(data, 0); data.writeString(resolvedType); data.writeStrongBinder(connection.asBinder()); data.writeInt(flags); data.writeInt(userId); mRemote.transact(BIND_SERVICE_TRANSACTION, data, reply, 0); reply.readException(); int res = reply.readInt(); data.recycle(); reply.recycle(); return res; }
利用Parcel的writeStrongBinder会将Binder实体写入到Parcel中去,这里首先看一下 Parcel data = Parcel.obtain();在java层Parcel只是一个容器,具体Parcel相关的操作都在Native层
static jint android_os_Parcel_create(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz) { Parcel* parcel = new Parcel(); return reinterpret_cast<jint>(parcel); }
这里的返回值,其实就是Parcel对象的地址,被赋值给了Parcel.java的mNativePtr成员变量,方便Native调用,接着看writeStrongBinder的实现,其实就是调用Parcel.cpp中的对应方法,通过flatten_binder将Binder实体对象打扁,创建flat_binder_object写入Parcel中,
static void android_os_Parcel_writeStrongBinder(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint nativePtr, jobject object) { Parcel* parcel = reinterpret_cast<Parcel*>(nativePtr); if (parcel != NULL) { const status_t err = parcel->writeStrongBinder(ibinderForJavaObject(env, object)); if (err != NO_ERROR) { signalExceptionForError(env, clazz, err); } } }
ibinderForJavaObject主要为Java层Binder实例化native binder对象:
sp<IBinder> ibinderForJavaObject(JNIEnv* env, jobject obj) { if (obj == NULL) return NULL; if (env->IsInstanceOf(obj, gBinderOffsets.mClass)) { JavaBBinderHolder* jbh = (JavaBBinderHolder*) env->GetIntField(obj, gBinderOffsets.mObject); return jbh != NULL ? jbh->get(env, obj) : NULL; } if (env->IsInstanceOf(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass)) { return (IBinder*) env->GetIntField(obj, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject); } return NULL; }
如果BBinder还没实例化,要通过JavaBBinderHolder的get函数实例化一个BBinder对象,这里就是JavaBBinder对象,综上分析Java层与Native的Binder其对应关系如下:
BBinder对象被Parcel转换成flat_binder_object,经过一次拷贝写入目标进程,并执行BINDER_TYPE_BINDER与BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE的转换,如下:
static void binder_transaction(struct binder_proc *proc, struct binder_thread *thread, struct binder_transaction_data *tr, int reply) ... fp = (struct flat_binder_object *)(t->buffer->data + *offp); switch (fp->type) { case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER: case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER: {.. if (fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_BINDER) fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE; else fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE; fp->handle = ref->desc; } break; case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE: case BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_HANDLE: {.. struct binder_ref *ref = binder_get_ref(proc, fp->handle); if (ref->node->proc == target_proc) { if (fp->type == BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE) fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_BINDER; else fp->type = BINDER_TYPE_WEAK_BINDER; fp->binder = ref->node->ptr; fp->cookie = ref->node->cookie; } else { struct binder_ref *new_ref; new_ref = binder_get_ref_for_node(target_proc, ref->node); fp->handle = new_ref->desc; } } break; }
在内核中,bindService中的InnerConnection会由BINDER_TYPE_BINDER转换成BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE,之后,AMS线程被唤醒后,执行后面的流程,在前文分析Parcel数据转换的时候,在Binder线程被唤醒继续执行的时候,会将数据映射到一个natvie Parcel对象中
status_t IPCThreadState::executeCommand(int32_t cmd) { BBinder* obj; switch (cmd) { .. // read到了数据请求,这里是需要处理的逻辑 ,处理完毕, case BR_TRANSACTION: { binder_transaction_data tr; result = mIn.read(&tr, sizeof(tr)); Parcel buffer; <!--关键点1 --> buffer.ipcSetDataReference( reinterpret_cast<const uint8_t*>(tr.data.ptr.buffer), tr.data_size, reinterpret_cast<const size_t*>(tr.data.ptr.offsets), tr.offsets_size/sizeof(size_t), freeBuffer, this); ... <!--关键点2 --> if (tr.target.ptr) { sp<BBinder> b((BBinder*)tr.cookie); const status_t error = b->transact(tr.code, buffer, &reply, tr.flags); if (error < NO_ERROR) reply.setError(error); } .. } }
首先看一下关键点1 ,这里将内核数据映射到一个用户空间的Parcel对象中去,之后在调用目标Service的transact函数,进而调用他的onTrasanct函数 , 通过前面的分析知道,Java层Binder在注册时候,最终注册的是JavaBBinder对象,看一下它的onTrasanct函数:
virtual status_t onTransact( uint32_t code, const Parcel& data, Parcel* reply, uint32_t flags = 0) { JNIEnv* env = javavm_to_jnienv(mVM); IPCThreadState* thread_state = IPCThreadState::self(); const int strict_policy_before = thread_state->getStrictModePolicy(); thread_state->setLastTransactionBinderFlags(flags); .. jboolean res = env->CallBooleanMethod(mObject, gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact, code, (int32_t)&data, (int32_t)reply, flags); .. return res != JNI_FALSE ? NO_ERROR : UNKNOWN_TRANSACTION; }
关键代码只有一句:env->CallBooleanMethod(mObject, gBinderOffsets.mExecTransact, code, (int32_t)&data, (int32_t)reply, flags),其实就是调用Binder.java的execTransact函数,该函数首先将Native的Parcel映射成Jave层Parcel,之后调用BBinder子类的onTransact函数执行对应的业务逻辑,最后会通过data.recycle通知释放内存:
private boolean execTransact(int code, int dataObj, int replyObj, int flags) { Parcel data = Parcel.obtain(dataObj); Parcel reply = Parcel.obtain(replyObj); boolean res; try { res = onTransact(code, data, reply, flags); } ... reply.recycle(); data.recycle(); return res; }}
对于AMS而bindService对应的操作如下
public boolean onTransact(int code, Parcel data, Parcel reply, int flags) throws RemoteException { 。。 case BIND_SERVICE_TRANSACTION: { data.enforceInterface(IActivityManager.descriptor); IBinder b = data.readStrongBinder(); IApplicationThread app = ApplicationThreadNative.asInterface(b); IBinder token = data.readStrongBinder(); Intent service = Intent.CREATOR.createFromParcel(data); String resolvedType = data.readString(); b = data.readStrongBinder(); int fl = data.readInt(); int userId = data.readInt(); IServiceConnection conn = IServiceConnection.Stub.asInterface(b); int res = bindService(app, token, service, resolvedType, conn, fl, userId); reply.writeNoException(); reply.writeInt(res); return true; }
b = data.readStrongBinder()会先读取Binder对象,这里会调用本地函数nativeReadStrongBinder(mNativePtr),mNativePtr就是Native层Parcel的首地址:
public final IBinder readStrongBinder() { return nativeReadStrongBinder(mNativePtr); }
nativeReadStrongBinder(mNativePtr)会将本地Binder对象转化成Java层对象,其实就是将传输的InnerConnection读取出来,不过由于Binder驱动将BINDER_TYPE_BINDER转换成了BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE,对于AMS其实是实例化BinderProxy
static jobject android_os_Parcel_readStrongBinder(JNIEnv* env, jclass clazz, jint nativePtr) { Parcel* parcel = reinterpret_cast<Parcel*>(nativePtr); if (parcel != NULL) { // /parcel->readStrongBinder() 其实就会创建BpBInder、 return javaObjectForIBinder(env, parcel->readStrongBinder()); } return NULL; }
首先会利用Parcel.cpp的parcel->readStrongBinder(),读取binder对象,这里会根据flat_binder_object的类型,分别进行BBinder与BpBinder映射,如果是Binder实体直接将指针赋值out,如果不是,则根据handle获取或者新建BpBinder返回给out。
status_t unflatten_binder(const sp<ProcessState>& proc, const Parcel& in, sp<IBinder>* out) { const flat_binder_object* flat = in.readObject(false); if (flat) { switch (flat->type) { case BINDER_TYPE_BINDER: *out = static_cast<IBinder*>(flat->cookie); return finish_unflatten_binder(NULL, *flat, in); case BINDER_TYPE_HANDLE: *out = proc->getStrongProxyForHandle(flat->handle); return finish_unflatten_binder( static_cast<BpBinder*>(out->get()), *flat, in); } } return BAD_TYPE; }
之后会牵扯一个将native binder转换成java层Binder的操作,javaObjectForIBinder,这个函数很关键,是理解Java层BinderProxy或者BBinder实体的关键:
jobject javaObjectForIBinder(JNIEnv* env, const sp<IBinder>& val) { if (val == NULL) return NULL; <!--关键点1--> if (val->checkSubclass(&gBinderOffsets)) { jobject object = static_cast<JavaBBinder*>(val.get())->object(); return object; } AutoMutex _l(mProxyLock); <!--关键点2--> jobject object = (jobject)val->findObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets); if (object != NULL) { android_atomic_dec(&gNumProxyRefs); val->detachObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets); env->DeleteGlobalRef(object); } <!--关键点3--> object = env->NewObject(gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass, gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor); if (object != NULL) { env->SetIntField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mObject, (int)val.get()); val->incStrong((void*)javaObjectForIBinder); jobject refObject = env->NewGlobalRef( env->GetObjectField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mSelf)); val->attachObject(&gBinderProxyOffsets, refObject, jnienv_to_javavm(env), proxy_cleanup); sp<DeathRecipientList> drl = new DeathRecipientList; drl->incStrong((void*)javaObjectForIBinder); env->SetIntField(object, gBinderProxyOffsets.mOrgue, reinterpret_cast<jint>(drl.get())); android_atomic_inc(&gNumProxyRefs); incRefsCreated(env); } return object; }
先看关键点1, checkSubclass默认返回false,但是JavaBBinder,该类对此函数进行了覆盖,如果是JavaBBinder,就会返回true,但入股是BpBinder,则会返回false,
bool checkSubclass(const void* subclassID) const { return subclassID == &gBinderOffsets; }
再看关键点2,如果是BpBinder,则需要首先在gBinderProxyOffsets中查找,是不是已经新建了Java层代理BinderProxy对象,如果没有,则新建即可,如果新建就看是否还存在缓存有效的BinderProxy。最后看关键点3 :
env->NewObject(gBinderProxyOffsets.mClass, gBinderProxyOffsets.mConstructor)
其实就是新建BinderProxy对象,Java层的BinderProxy都是Native新建的,Java层并没有BinderProxy的新建入口,之后,再通过IServiceConnection.Stub.asInterface(b)进行转换,实例化一个IServiceConnection.Proxy代理对,该对象在Binder通信的基础上封装了业务逻辑,其实就是一些具体的操作。
public static XXXAidlInterface asInterface(android.os.IBinder obj) { if ((obj == null)) { return null; } android.os.IInterface iin = obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR); if (((iin != null) && (iin instanceof XXXAidlInterface))) { return ((XXXAidlInterface) iin); } return new XXXAidlInterface.Stub.Proxy(obj); }
这里注意一点杜宇BinderProxy,obj.queryLocalInterface(DESCRIPTOR)返回为null,对于Binder实体,返回的是Binder自身,这样就能为上层区分出是生成代理还是存根自身,整体对象转换流程如下:
到这里分析了一半,Java层命令及回调Binder入口已经被传递给AMS,AMS之后需要负责启动Service,并通过回调入口为Client绑定服务,跟踪到AMS源码
public int bindService(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service, String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags, int userId) { ... synchronized(this) { return mServices.bindServiceLocked(caller, token, service, resolvedType, connection, flags, userId); } }
最后调用ActiveService的bindServiceLocked,这里会分三中情况,
- Service已经经启动
- Service未启动,但是进程已经启动
- Service与进程君未启动
不过这里只讨论“ Service未启动,但是进程已经启动的情况”,关键代码如下
int bindServiceLocked(IApplicationThread caller, IBinder token, Intent service, String resolvedType, IServiceConnection connection, int flags, int userId) { try { .。。 if ((flags&Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE) != 0) { s.lastActivity = SystemClock.uptimeMillis(); <!--关键点1--> if (bringUpServiceLocked(s, service.getFlags(), false) != null) { return 0; } } <!--关键点2--> .. requestServiceBindingLocked(s, b.intent, false); .. } }
关键点1其实就是启动Service,主要是通过ApplicationThread的binder通信通知App端启动Service,这个流程同Activity启动一样。关键点2是Service特有的:requestServiceBindingLocked,这个命令是告诉APP端:“在Service启动后需要向AMS发消息,之后AMS才能向其他需要绑定该Service的Client发送反馈”。
AMS端 private final boolean requestServiceBindingLocked(ServiceRecord r, IntentBindRecord i, boolean rebind) { if ((!i.requested || rebind) && i.apps.size() > 0) { .. r.app.thread.scheduleBindService(r, i.intent.getIntent(), rebind); .. } } return true; } APP端 private void handleBindService(BindServiceData data) { Service s = mServices.get(data.token); ... if (!data.rebind) { IBinder binder = s.onBind(data.intent); ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService( data.token, data.intent, binder); } }
ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().publishService会将启动的Binder服务实体传递给AMS,上面分析过Binder实体传输,这里的原理是一样的,AMS端在传输结束后,会获得Service端服务实体的引用,这个时候,就能通过最初的InnerConnection的回调将这个服务传递给Client端。Binder实体与引用的整体流程图如下:
如果要深究Activity的bindService流程,可以按以下几步来分析
- 1、Activity调用bindService:通过Binder通知ActivityManagerService,要启动哪个Service
- 2、ActivityManagerService创建ServiceRecord,并利用ApplicationThreadProxy回调,通知APP新建并启动Service启动起来
- 3、ActivityManagerService把Service启动起来后,继续通过ApplicationThreadProxy,通知APP,bindService,其实就是让Service返回一个Binder对象给ActivityManagerService,以便AMS传递给Client
- 4、ActivityManagerService把从Service处得到这个Binder对象传给Activity,这里是通过IServiceConnection binder实现。
- 5、Activity被唤醒后通过Binder Stub的asInterface函数将Binder转换为代理Proxy,完成业务代理的转换,之后就能利用Proxy进行通信了。