.race()
语法：Promise.race(iterable)
该方法同样是将多个Promise实例，包装成一个新的Promise实例。
var p = Promise.race([p1, p2, p3]);
Promise.race方法同样接受一个数组（或具有Iterator接口）作参数。当p1, p2, p3中有一个实例的状态发生改变（变为fulfilled或rejected），p的状态就跟着改变。并把第一个改变状态的promise的返回值，传给p的回调函数。
/* 例3.11 */ var p1 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { setTimeout(reject, 500, "one"); }); var p2 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { setTimeout(resolve, 100, "two"); }); Promise.race([p1, p2]).then(function(value) { console.log('resolve', value); }, function(error) { //not called console.log('reject', error); }); -------output------- resolve two var p3 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { setTimeout(resolve, 500, "three"); }); var p4 = new Promise(function(resolve, reject) { setTimeout(reject, 100, "four"); }); Promise.race([p3, p4]).then(function(value) { //not called console.log('resolve', value); }, function(error) { console.log('reject', error); }); -------output------- reject four
在第一个promise对象变为resolve后，并不会取消其他promise对象的执行，如下例
/* 例3.12 */ var fastPromise = new Promise(function (resolve) { setTimeout(function () { console.log('fastPromise'); resolve('resolve fastPromise'); }, 100); }); var slowPromise = new Promise(function (resolve) { setTimeout(function () { console.log('slowPromise'); resolve('resolve slowPromise'); }, 1000); }); // 第一个promise变为resolve后程序停止 Promise.race([fastPromise, slowPromise]).then(function (value) { console.log(value); // => resolve fastPromise }); -------output------- fastPromise resolve fastPromise slowPromise //仍会执行
.resolve()
语法：
Promise.resolve(value); Promise.resolve(promise); Promise.resolve(thenable);
它可以看做new Promise()的快捷方式。
Promise.resolve('Success'); /*******等同于*******/ new Promise(function (resolve) { resolve('Success'); });
这段代码会让这个Promise对象立即进入resolved状态，并将结果success传递给then指定的onFulfilled回调函数。由于Promise.resolve()也是返回Promise对象，因此可以用.then()处理其返回值。
/* 例3.13 */ Promise.resolve('success').then(function (value) { console.log(value); }); -------output------- Success
/* 例3.14 */ //Resolving an array Promise.resolve([1,2,3]).then(function(value) { console.log(value[0]); // => 1 }); //Resolving a Promise var p1 = Promise.resolve('this is p1'); var p2 = Promise.resolve(p1); p2.then(function (value) { console.log(value); // => this is p1 });
Promise.resolve()的另一个作用就是将thenable对象（即带有then方法的对象）转换为promise对象。
/* 例3.15 */ var p1 = Promise.resolve({ then: function (resolve, reject) { resolve("this is an thenable object!"); } }); console.log(p1 instanceof Promise); // => true p1.then(function(value) { console.log(value); // => this is an thenable object! }, function(e) { //not called });
再看下面两个例子，无论是在什么时候抛异常，只要promise状态变成resolved或rejected，状态不会再改变，这和新建promise是一样的。
/* 例3.16 */ //在回调函数前抛异常 var p1 = { then: function(resolve) { throw new Error("error"); resolve("Resolved"); } }; var p2 = Promise.resolve(p1); p2.then(function(value) { //not called }, function(error) { console.log(error); // => Error: error }); //在回调函数后抛异常 var p3 = { then: function(resolve) { resolve("Resolved"); throw new Error("error"); } }; var p4 = Promise.resolve(p3); p4.then(function(value) { console.log(value); // => Resolved }, function(error) { //not called });
