简介
先和大家说一句圣诞快乐呀，最近 DIY 涂鸦圣诞树非常受欢迎，小编琢磨着能否用 R 语言来绘制一颗圣诞树呢，最后终于让小编找到了教程[1]，这不赶紧在今天分享出来给大家，一起动手试一试吧~
画图步骤
Step 1：绘制一颗基础的树
这里选择一棵圣诞树的图片，对其进行网格划分，并将结果存在表格中。
数据集可在公众号后台回复 [
圣诞快乐] 获取
ChristmasTree <- read.csv("C:\\Users\\Desktop\\Christmas_tree.csv") library(ggplot2) tree <- ggplot() + geom_tile(data = ChristmasTree, aes(x = Tree.X, y = Tree.Y, fill = Tree.Colour)) + scale_fill_identity() + theme_bw() + scale_x_continuous(breaks = NULL) + scale_y_continuous(breaks = NULL) + labs(x = "", y = "") tree
geom_tile() 将每个数据点绘制成一个实心正方形。theme_bw()将背景颜色更改为白色。scale_x_continuous(breaks = NULL)(和 y 轴对应) 去掉标记和网格线。labs(x = "", y = "")去掉坐标轴。
![SK0$VT[Q]6QZ{O]S41}`JZ6.png](https://ucc.alicdn.com/pic/developer-ecology/1dc9bc99503a40818dd353edd7e6d5fb.png?x-oss-process=image/resize,w_1400/format,webp "SK0$VT[Q]6QZ{O]S41}`JZ6.png")
Step 2：添加灯饰
现在，可以在树上添加一些灯光，通过在基础树图上叠加一些散点来完成。这些散点的坐标是基于均匀分布随机产生的。给灯设置的数量是 50 ，底部分布的数量为 35% ，顶部为 5% ，参数值可以根据自己喜好更改。最后一个变量的值从1到4，使用这个来控制每个点的透明度。
##创建灯饰 Desired.Lights <- 50 Total.Lights <- sum(round(Desired.Lights * 0.35) + round(Desired.Lights * 0.20) + round(Desired.Lights * 0.17) + round(Desired.Lights * 0.13) + round(Desired.Lights * 0.10) + round(Desired.Lights * 0.05)) Lights <- data.frame(Lights.X = c(round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.35), 4, 18), 0), round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.20), 5, 17), 0), round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.17), 6, 16), 0), round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.13), 7, 15), 0), round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.10), 8, 14), 0), round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.05), 10, 12), 0))) Lights$Lights.Y <- c(round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.35), 4, 6), 0), round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.20), 7, 8), 0), round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.17), 9, 10), 0), round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.13), 11, 12), 0), round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.10), 13, 14), 0), round(runif(round(Desired.Lights * 0.05), 15, 17), 0)) Lights$Lights.Colour <- c(round(runif(Total.Lights, 1, 4), 0)) ##将灯添加到树上 tree <- tree + geom_point(data = Lights, aes(x = Lights.X, y = Lights.Y, alpha = Lights.Colour), colour = "lightgoldenrodyellow", shape = 16) + theme(legend.position = "none") tree
Step 3：添加装饰物
在第二步的图上添加了另一种散点(这一次是加权散点)。手动绘制了每个点的坐标，并手动分配每个点的颜色和大小。也可以任意修改这些位置和大小。
##创建装饰物 Baubles <- data.frame(Bauble.X = c(6, 9, 15, 17, 5, 13, 16, 7, 10, 14, 7, 9, 11, 14, 8, 14, 9, 12, 11, 12, 14, 11, 17, 10)) Baubles$Bauble.Y <- c(4, 5, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 8, 8, 8, 8, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 13, 10, 16, 7, 14) Baubles$Bauble.Colour <- factor(c(1, 2, 2, 3, 2, 3, 1, 3, 1, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 3, 3, 2, 1, 3, 2, 1, 3, 3, 1)) Baubles$Bauble.Size <- c(1, 3, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 2, 1, 1, 1, 3, 3, 3, 2, 3, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 2) ##将装饰物添加到树上 tree <- tree + geom_point(data = Baubles, aes(x = Bauble.X, y = Bauble.Y, colour = Bauble.Colour, size = Bauble.Size), shape = 16) + scale_colour_manual(values = c("firebrick2", "gold", "dodgerblue3")) + scale_size_area(max_size = 12) tree
Step 4：装饰礼物
树下的礼物看起来太单调了，可以用缎带来装饰一下，使用 geom_segment() 函数来实现这一点。
tree <- tree + geom_segment(aes(x = 2.5, xend = 4.5, y = 1.5, yend = 1.5), colour = "blueviolet", size = 2) + geom_segment(aes(x = 5.5, xend = 8.5, y = 1.5, yend = 1.5), colour = "dodgerblue3", size = 2) + geom_segment(aes(x = 13.5, xend = 16.5, y = 1.5, yend = 1.5), colour = "blueviolet", size = 2) + geom_segment(aes(x = 17.5, xend = 19.5, y = 1.5, yend = 1.5), colour = "dodgerblue3", size = 2) + geom_segment(aes(x = 3.5, xend = 3.5, y = 0.5, yend = 2.5), colour = "blueviolet", size = 2) + geom_segment(aes(x = 7.0, xend = 7.0, y = 0.5, yend = 2.5), colour = "dodgerblue3", size = 2) + geom_segment(aes(x = 15.0, xend = 15.0, y = 0.5, yend = 2.5), colour = "blueviolet", size = 2) + geom_segment(aes(x = 18.5, xend = 18.5, y = 0.5, yend = 2.5), colour = "dodgerblue3", size = 2) tree
可以看到，对于水平色带，设置了一个 x坐标范围，但为了得到一条直线，设置了两个y坐标的相同值，而对于垂直线，则设置了相反的值。还可以使用颜色和大小参数分别改变彩带的颜色和厚度。
Step 5：添加祝福语
这里用到 extrafont包导入一些额外的字体。
library(extrafont) font_import() loadfonts() tree <- tree + annotate("text", x = 11, y = 20, label = "Merry Christmas!", family = "Luminari", size = 12) tree
这里使用了带有 “text”参数的注释选项来插入“Merry Christmas!” ，位置选在坐标(11,20)处。字体选择的是大小为 12 的 Luminari，如需要修改字体，可以通过 family 和size 参数来设置。
