之前在mac上体验kubernetes要使用minikube,最近发现Docker-Desktop自带的k8s更方便,简单记录一下安装过程。
docker-desktop安装及kubernetes启用
如果没有安装docker-desktop,可以先去 www.docker.com/products/do… 下载和安装。如果已经安装过,请升级到新的版本。我的docker版本是:
然后在Docker-Engine里配置一下国内镜像,这样kubernetes启用会迅速一些:
{ "debug": true, "registry-mirrors": [ "https://hub-mirror.c.163.com", "https://mirror.baidubce.com" ], "builder": { "gc": { "defaultKeepStorage": "20GB", "enabled": true } }, "experimental": false } 复制代码
配置镜像后,可以使用下面命令检查一下:
# docker info ... Registry Mirrors: https://hub-mirror.c.163.com/ https://mirror.baidubce.com/ 复制代码
然后在图形界面上启用kubernets:
完成后使用kubectl命令检查一下版本:
# kubectl version Client Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"19", GitVersion:"v1.19.7", GitCommit:"1dd5338295409edcfff11505e7bb246f0d325d15", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-01-13T13:23:52Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"darwin/amd64"} Server Version: version.Info{Major:"1", Minor:"19", GitVersion:"v1.19.7", GitCommit:"1dd5338295409edcfff11505e7bb246f0d325d15", GitTreeState:"clean", BuildDate:"2021-01-13T13:15:20Z", GoVersion:"go1.15.5", Compiler:"gc", Platform:"linux/amd64"} 复制代码
查看唯一的master节点:
# kubectl get node NAME STATUS ROLES AGE VERSION docker-desktop Ready master 18h v1.19.7 复制代码
查看默认的名称空间:
# kubectl get ns(namespace) NAME STATUS AGE default Active 18h kube-node-lease Active 18h kube-public Active 18h kube-system Active 18h 复制代码
查看默认的pods:
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE kube-system coredns-f9fd979d6-76f9t 1/1 Running 1 18h kube-system coredns-f9fd979d6-dm469 1/1 Running 1 18h kube-system etcd-docker-desktop 1/1 Running 1 18h kube-system kube-apiserver-docker-desktop 1/1 Running 1 18h kube-system kube-controller-manager-docker-desktop 1/1 Running 1 18h kube-system kube-proxy-xvv2f 1/1 Running 1 18h kube-system kube-scheduler-docker-desktop 1/1 Running 1 18h kube-system storage-provisioner 1/1 Running 2 18h kube-system vpnkit-controller 1/1 Running 1 18h 复制代码
接下来,我们安装kubernetes-dashboard。安装后可以图形化的管理/查看kubernetes的内部状态,非常方便,同时也可以验证搭建的kubernetes可以正常工作。
kubernetes-dashboard 的安装
首先下载kubernetes-dashboard的yaml文件:
curl -LO https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml 复制代码
使用apply子指令安装 kubectl apply -f recommended.yaml
所有yaml文件的启用都使用
kubectl apply
创建rbac权限的配置文件 kubernetes-dashboard-admin.yaml
,然后启用。
apiVersion: v1 kind: ServiceAccount metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin namespace: kubernetes-dashboard labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard --- apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 kind: ClusterRoleBinding metadata: name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin namespace: kubernetes-dashboard roleRef: apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io kind: ClusterRole name: cluster-admin subjects: - kind: ServiceAccount name: kubernetes-dashboard-admin namespace: kubernetes-dashboard 复制代码
命令正常执行就可以完成kubernetes-dashboard的安装。
使用proxy访问kubernetes-dashboard
我们先使用下面的命令,在本地8001端口代理kubernetes的内部服务:
kubectl proxy 复制代码
然后使用浏览器访问下面的网页链接:
http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kubernetes-dashboard/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/. 复制代码
这时候页面会提示需要输入token。可以使用下面命令查看admin的token:
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard describe secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret | grep kubernetes-dashboard-admin | awk '{print $1}') 复制代码
登录后就可以看到kubernetes的所有信息, 如图:
使用NodePort访问kubernetes-dashboard
使用proxy方式访问,需要先启动proxy服务,不太方便。我们可以更改kubernetes-dashboard服务为NodePort方式,这样可以直接使用ip+port方式访问。修改recommended.yaml的下面部分内容:
kind: Service # 服务 apiVersion: v1 metadata: labels: k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard name: kubernetes-dashboard # 名称 namespace: kubernetes-dashboard spec: type: NodePort # 增加这一行 ports: - port: 443 targetPort: 8443 复制代码
然后使用kubectl apply
更新dashboard,完成后检查本地端口:
kubectl get svc -n kubernetes-dashboard NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.108.2.0 <none> 8000/TCP 106d kubernetes-dashboard NodePort 10.110.204.165 <none> 443:32072/TCP 106d 复制代码
使用firefox访问 https://127.0.0.1:32072/
,这里的 32072 是使用NodePort方式部署的随机端口映射。
因为https的证书安全问题,chrome和safari都无法访问。
使用ingress访问kubernetes-dashboard
NodePort方式访问dashboard会有安全证书问题,单机最合适的方式还是部署ingress。先从下面路径下载nginx实现的ingress并安装:
curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/ingress-nginx/controller-v0.46.0/deploy/static/provider/cloud/deploy.yaml -o ingress-nginx.yaml 复制代码
检查安装后的pod,ingress-nginx-controller需要是running状态表示安装完成:
kubectl get pods --all-namespaces NAMESPACE NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-admission-create-p5znr 0/1 Completed 0 17h ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-admission-patch-t9447 0/1 Completed 0 17h ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-controller-57cb5bf694-wc6tv 1/1 Running 0 17h 复制代码
查看ingress-nginx服务的端口,这里https是31212:
kubectl get svc --all-namespaces NAMESPACE NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE default kubernetes ClusterIP 10.96.0.1 <none> 443/TCP 106d ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-controller NodePort 10.105.160.62 <none> 80:30303/TCP,443:31212/TCP,9000:30835/TCP 80m ingress-nginx ingress-nginx-controller-admission ClusterIP 10.102.194.29 <none> 443/TCP 80m kube-system kube-dns ClusterIP 10.96.0.10 <none> 53/UDP,53/TCP,9153/TCP 106d kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-metrics-scraper ClusterIP 10.108.107.121 <none> 8000/TCP 44m 复制代码
编写我们自定义的ingress dashboard-ingress.yaml
:
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1 kind: Ingress metadata: name: dashboard-ingress namespace: kubernetes-dashboard annotations: kubernetes.io/ingress.class: 'nginx' nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/ssl-passthrough: 'true' nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/backend-protocol: 'HTTPS' spec: rules: - host: 'my-dashboard.com' http: paths: - pathType: Prefix path: '/' backend: service: name: kubernetes-dashboard port: number: 443 复制代码
检查ing配置生效:
kubectl get ing --all-namespaces Warning: extensions/v1beta1 Ingress is deprecated in v1.14+, unavailable in v1.22+; use networking.k8s.io/v1 Ingress NAMESPACE NAME CLASS HOSTS ADDRESS PORTS AGE kubernetes-dashboard dashboard-ingress <none> my-dashboard.com localhost 80 17h 复制代码
在访问前,需要修改一下本地 /etc/hosts
文件把my-dashboard.com指向本地ip。然后使用浏览器访问下面地址:
https://my-dashboard.com:31212/ 复制代码
注意必须使用https访问。如果有其它问题可以看这里:github.com/kubernetes/…
小结
我们启用mac上docker-desktop自带的kubernetes,安装kubernetes-dashboard用来进行图形化管理。同时介绍了使用proxy,NodePort和Ingress三种方式访问dashboard。
参考链接
- 在MacOS上搭建Kubernetes xiangflight.github.io/build-kuber…
- 镜像加速器 yeasy.gitbook.io/docker_prac…
- docker-desktop下载 www.docker.com/products/do…
- kubernetes文档 kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/…