前面一篇博文 190301-SpringBoot基础篇AOP之基本使用姿势小结 介绍了aop的简单使用方式,在文章最后,抛出了几个问题待解决,本篇博文则将针对前面的问题,看下更多关于AOP的使用说明
I. 高级技能
1. 注解拦截方式
前面一文,主要介绍的是根据正则表达式来拦截对应的方法,接下来演示下如何通过注解的方式来拦截目标方法,实现也比较简单
首先创建注解
@Target(ElementType.METHOD) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) public @interface AnoDot { } 复制代码
接着在目标方法上添加注解,这里借助前面博文中工程进行说明,新建一个com.git.hui.boot.aop.demo2.AnoDemoBean
,注意这个包路径,是不会被前文的AnoAspect
定义的Advice拦截的,这里新建一个包路径的目的就是为了尽可能的减少干扰项
@Component public class AnoDemoBean { @AnoDot public String genUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println("in genUUID before process!"); return UUID.randomUUID() + "|" + time; } finally { System.out.println("in genUUID finally!"); } } } 复制代码
接下来定义对应的advice, 直接在前面的AnoAspect
中添加(不知道前文的也没关系,下面贴出相关的代码类,前文的类容与本节内容无关)
@Aspect @Component public class AnoAspect { @Before("@annotation(AnoDot)") public void anoBefore() { System.out.println("AnoAspect "); } } 复制代码
测试代码
@SpringBootApplication public class Application { private AnoDemoBean anoDemoBean; public Application(AnoDemoBean anoDemoBean) { this.anoDemoBean = anoDemoBean; this.anoDemoBean(); } private void anoDemoBean() { System.out.println(">>>>>>>" + anoDemoBean.genUUID(System.currentTimeMillis())); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class); } } 复制代码
输出结果如下,在执行目标方法之前,会先执行before advice中的逻辑
AnoAspect in genUUID before process! in genUUID finally! >>>>>>>3a5d749d-d94c-4fc0-a7a3-12fd97f3e1fa|1551513443644 复制代码
2. 多个advice拦截
一个方法执行时,如果有多个advice满足拦截规则,是所有的都会触发么?通过前面一篇博文知道,不同类型的advice是都可以拦截的,如果出现多个相同类型的advice呢?
在前面一篇博文的基础上进行操作,我们扩展下com.git.hui.boot.aop.demo.DemoBean
@Component public class DemoBean { @AnoDot public String genUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println("in genUUID before process!"); return UUID.randomUUID() + "|" + time; } finally { System.out.println("in genUUID finally!"); } } } 复制代码
对应的测试切面内容如
@Aspect @Component public class AnoAspect { @Before("execution(public * com.git.hui.boot.aop.demo.*.*(*))") public void doBefore(JoinPoint joinPoint) { System.out.println("do in Aspect before method called! args: " + JSON.toJSONString(joinPoint.getArgs())); } @Pointcut("execution(public * com.git.hui.boot.aop.demo.*.*(*))") public void point() { } @After("point()") public void doAfter(JoinPoint joinPoint) { System.out.println("do in Aspect after method called! args: " + JSON.toJSONString(joinPoint.getArgs())); } /** * 执行完毕之后,通过 args指定参数;通过 returning 指定返回的结果,要求返回值类型匹配 * * @param time * @param result */ @AfterReturning(value = "point() && args(time)", returning = "result") public void doAfterReturning(long time, String result) { System.out.println("do in Aspect after method return! args: " + time + " ans: " + result); } @Around("point()") public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable { System.out.println("do in Aspect around ------ before"); Object ans = joinPoint.proceed(); System.out.println("do in Aspect around ------- over! ans: " + ans); return ans; } @Before("point()") public void sameBefore() { System.out.println("SameAspect"); } @Before("@annotation(AnoDot)") public void anoBefore() { System.out.println("AnoAspect"); } } 复制代码
测试代码如下
@SpringBootApplication public class Application { private DemoBean demoBean; public Application(DemoBean demoBean) { this.demoBean = demoBean; this.demoBean(); } private void demoBean() { System.out.println(">>>>> " + demoBean.genUUID(System.currentTimeMillis())); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class); } } 复制代码
输出结果如下,所有的切面都执行了,也就是说,只要满足条件的advice,都会被拦截到
do in Aspect around ------ before AnoAspect do in Aspect before method called! args: [1551520547268] SameAspect in genUUID before process! in genUUID finally! do in Aspect around ------- over! ans: 5f6a5616-f558-4ac9-ba4b-b4360d7dc238|1551520547268 do in Aspect after method called! args: [1551520547268] do in Aspect after method return! args: 1551520547268 ans: 5f6a5616-f558-4ac9-ba4b-b4360d7dc238|1551520547268 >>>>> 5f6a5616-f558-4ac9-ba4b-b4360d7dc238|1551520547268 复制代码
3. 嵌套拦截
嵌套的方式有几种case,先看第一种
a. 调用方法不满足拦截规则,调用本类中其他满足拦截条件的方法
这里我们借助第一节中的bean来继续模拟, 在AnoDemoBean
类中,新增一个方法
@Component public class AnoDemoBean { public String randUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println("in randUUID start!"); return genUUID(time); } finally { System.out.println("in randUUID finally!"); } } @AnoDot public String genUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println("in genUUID before process!"); return UUID.randomUUID() + "|" + time; } finally { System.out.println("in genUUID finally!"); } } } 复制代码
对应的切面为
@Aspect @Component public class NetAspect { @Around("@annotation(AnoDot)") public Object doAround(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable { System.out.println("In NetAspect doAround before!"); Object ans = joinPoint.proceed(); System.out.println("In NetAspect doAround over! ans: " + ans); return ans; } } 复制代码
然后测试case需要改为直接调用 AnoDemoBean#randUUID
,需要看这个方法内部调用的genUUID
是否会被切面拦截住
@SpringBootApplication public class Application { private AnoDemoBean anoDemoBean; public Application(AnoDemoBean anoDemoBean) { this.anoDemoBean = anoDemoBean; this.anoDemoBean(); } private void anoDemoBean() { System.out.println(">>>>>>>" + anoDemoBean.randUUID(System.currentTimeMillis())); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class); } } 复制代码
输出结果如下,没有切面的日志,表明这种场景下,不会被拦截
in randUUID start! in genUUID before process! in genUUID finally! in randUUID finally! >>>>>>>0c6a5ccf-30c0-4ac0-97f2-3dc063580f3d|1551522176035 复制代码
b. 调用方法不满足拦截规则,调用其他类中满足拦截条件的方法
依然使用前面的例子进行说明,不过是稍稍改一下AnoDemoBean
,调用第二节中的DemoBean的方法
DemoBean的代码如下
@AnoDot public String genUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println("in DemoBean genUUID before process!"); return UUID.randomUUID() + "|" + time; } finally { System.out.println("in DemoBean genUUID finally!"); } } 复制代码
然后AnoDemoBean的代码如下
@Component public class AnoDemoBean { @Autowired private DemoBean demoBean; public String randUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println("in AnoDemoBean randUUID start!"); return genUUID(time) + "<<<>>>" + demoBean.genUUID(time); } finally { System.out.println("in AnoDemoBean randUUID finally!"); } } @AnoDot public String genUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println("in AnoDemoBean genUUID before process!"); return UUID.randomUUID() + "|" + time; } finally { System.out.println("in AnoDemoBean genUUID finally!"); } } } 复制代码
测试代码和前面完全一致,接下来看下输出
in AnoDemoBean randUUID start! in AnoDemoBean genUUID before process! in AnoDemoBean genUUID finally! ### 上面三行为 anoDemoBean#randUUID方法调用 anoDemoBean#genUUID方法的输出结果,可以看到没有切面执行的日志输出 ### 下面的为调用 demoBean#genUUID 方法,可以看到切面(NetAspect#doAround)执行的日志 In NetAspect doAround before! in DemoBean genUUID before process! in DemoBean genUUID finally! In NetAspect doAround over! ans: f35b8878-fbd0-4840-8fbe-5fef8eda5e31|1551522532092 ### 最后是收尾 in AnoDemoBean randUUID finally! >>>>>>>e516a35f-b85a-4cbd-aae0-fa97cdecab47|1551522532092<<<>>>f35b8878-fbd0-4840-8fbe-5fef8eda5e31|1551522532092 复制代码
从上面的日志分析中,可以明确看出对比,调用本类中,满足被拦截的方法,也不会走切面逻辑;调用其他类中的满足切面拦截的方法,会走切面逻辑
c. 调用方法满足切面拦截条件,又调用其他满足切面拦截条件的方法
这个和两个case有点像,不同的是直接调用的方法也满足被切面拦截的条件,我们主要关注点在于嵌套调用的方法,会不会进入切面逻辑,这里需要修改的地方就很少了,直接把 AnoDemoBean#randUUID
方法上添加注解,然后执行即可
@Component public class AnoDemoBean { @Autowired private DemoBean demoBean; @AnoDot public String randUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println("in AnoDemoBean randUUID start!"); return genUUID(time) + "<<<>>>" + demoBean.genUUID(time); } finally { System.out.println("in AnoDemoBean randUUID finally!"); } } @AnoDot public String genUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println("in AnoDemoBean genUUID before process!"); return UUID.randomUUID() + "|" + time; } finally { System.out.println("in AnoDemoBean genUUID finally!"); } } } 复制代码
输出结果如下
## 最外层的切面拦截的是 AnoDemoBean#randUUID 方法的执行 In NetAspect doAround before! in AnoDemoBean randUUID start! in AnoDemoBean genUUID before process! in AnoDemoBean genUUID finally! ### 从跟上面三行的输出,可以知道内部调用的 AnoDemoBean#genUUID 即便满足切面拦截规则,也不会再次走切面逻辑 ### 下面4行,表明其他类的方法,如果满足切面拦截规则,会进入到切面逻辑 In NetAspect doAround before! in DemoBean genUUID before process! in DemoBean genUUID finally! In NetAspect doAround over! ans: d9df7388-2ef8-4b1a-acb5-6639c47f36ca|1551522969801 in AnoDemoBean randUUID finally! In NetAspect doAround over! ans: cf350bc2-9a9a-4ef6-b496-c913d297c960|1551522969801<<<>>>d9df7388-2ef8-4b1a-acb5-6639c47f36ca|1551522969801 >>>>>>>cf350bc2-9a9a-4ef6-b496-c913d297c960|1551522969801<<<>>>d9df7388-2ef8-4b1a-acb5-6639c47f36ca|1551522969801 复制代码
从输出结果进行反推,一个结论是
- 执行的目标方法,如果调用了本类中一个满足切面规则的方法A时,在执行方法A的过程中,不会触发切面逻辑
- 执行的目标方法,如果调用其他类中一个满足切面规则的方法B时,在执行方法B的过程中,将会触发切面逻辑
4. AOP拦截方法作用域
前面测试的被拦截方法都是public,那么是否表明只有public方法才能被拦截呢?
从第三节基本可以看出,private方法首先淘汰出列,为啥?因为private方法正常来讲只能内部调用,而内部调用不会走切面逻辑;所以接下来需要关注的主要放在默认作用域和protected作用域
@Component public class ScopeDemoBean { @AnoDot String defaultRandUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println(" in ScopeDemoBean defaultRandUUID before!"); return UUID.randomUUID() + " | default | " + time; } finally { System.out.println(" in ScopeDemoBean defaultRandUUID finally!"); } } @AnoDot protected String protectedRandUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println(" in ScopeDemoBean protectedRandUUID before!"); return UUID.randomUUID() + " | protected | " + time; } finally { System.out.println(" in ScopeDemoBean protectedRandUUID finally!"); } } @AnoDot private String privateRandUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println(" in ScopeDemoBean privateRandUUID before!"); return UUID.randomUUID() + " | private | " + time; } finally { System.out.println(" in ScopeDemoBean privateRandUUID finally!"); } } } 复制代码
我们不直接使用这个类里面的方法,借助前面的 AnoDemoBean
, 下面给出了通过反射的方式来调用private方法的case
@Component public class AnoDemoBean { @Autowired private ScopeDemoBean scopeDemoBean; public void scopeUUID(long time) { try { System.out.println("-------- default --------"); String defaultAns = scopeDemoBean.defaultRandUUID(time); System.out.println("-------- default: " + defaultAns + " --------\n"); System.out.println("-------- protected --------"); String protectedAns = scopeDemoBean.protectedRandUUID(time); System.out.println("-------- protected: " + protectedAns + " --------\n"); System.out.println("-------- private --------"); Method method = ScopeDemoBean.class.getDeclaredMethod("privateRandUUID", long.class); method.setAccessible(true); String privateAns = (String) method.invoke(scopeDemoBean, time); System.out.println("-------- private: " + privateAns + " --------\n"); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } 复制代码
测试case
@SpringBootApplication public class Application { private AnoDemoBean anoDemoBean; public Application(AnoDemoBean anoDemoBean) { this.anoDemoBean = anoDemoBean; this.anoDemoBean(); } private void anoDemoBean() { anoDemoBean.scopeUUID(System.currentTimeMillis()); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Application.class); } } 复制代码
输出结果如下,从日志打印来看,protected和default方法的切面都走到了
-------- default -------- In NetAspect doAround before! in ScopeDemoBean defaultRandUUID before! in ScopeDemoBean defaultRandUUID finally! In NetAspect doAround over! ans: 2ad7e509-c62c-4f25-b68f-eb5e0b53196d | default | 1551524311537 -------- default: 2ad7e509-c62c-4f25-b68f-eb5e0b53196d | default | 1551524311537 -------- -------- protected -------- In NetAspect doAround before! in ScopeDemoBean protectedRandUUID before! in ScopeDemoBean protectedRandUUID finally! In NetAspect doAround over! ans: 9eb339f8-9e71-4321-ab83-a8953d1b8ff8 | protected | 1551524311537 -------- protected: 9eb339f8-9e71-4321-ab83-a8953d1b8ff8 | protected | 1551524311537 -------- -------- private -------- in ScopeDemoBean privateRandUUID before! in ScopeDemoBean privateRandUUID finally! -------- private: 1826afac-6eca-4dc3-8edc-b4ca7146ce28 | private | 1551524311537 -------- 复制代码
5. 小结
本篇博文篇幅比较长,主要是测试代码比较占用地方,因此有必要简单的小结一下,做一个清晰的归纳,方便不想看细节,只想获取最终结论的小伙伴
注解拦截方式:
- 首先声明注解
- 在目标方法上添加注解
- 切面中,advice的内容形如
@Around("@annotation(AnoDot)")
多advice情况:
- 多个advice满足拦截场景时,全部都会执行
嵌套场景
- 执行的目标方法,如果调用了本类中一个满足切面规则的方法A时,在执行方法A的过程中,不会触发切面逻辑
- 执行的目标方法,如果调用其他类中一个满足切面规则的方法B时,在执行方法B的过程中,将会触发切面逻辑
作用域
- public, protected, default 作用域的方法都可以被拦截
优先级
这个内容因为特别多,所以有必要单独拎出来,其主要的分类如下
- 同一aspect,不同advice的执行顺序
- 不同aspect,advice的执行顺序
- 同一aspect,相同advice的执行顺序