Nova详解与安装
1、组件说明
1、nova是什么？
Openstack 是由Rackspace 和NASA 共同开发的云计算平台类似于AmazonEC2和S3的云基础架构服务Nova在Openstack 中提供云计算服务超过140 家企业及18470 为开发者参与开发。
2、nova组件
nova-api service 接收并响应终端用户计算API 调用。该服务支持OpenStack 计算API，Amazon EC2 和特殊的管理特权API nova-api-metadata service 接受从实例元数据发来的请求。该服务通常与nova-network 服务在安装多主机模式下运行 nova-compute service 一个守护进程，通过虚拟化层API接口创建和终止虚拟机实例。例如：XenAPI for XenServer/XCP，libvirt for KVM or QEMU，VMwareAPI for Vmware ova-scheduler service 从队列中获取虚拟机实例请求，并确认由哪台计算服务运行该虚拟机 nova-conductor module 协调nova-compute 服务和database 之间的交互数据。避免nova-compute 服务直接访问云数据库。不要将该模块部署在nova-compute 运行的节点上 nova-network worker daemon 类似于nova-compute服务，接受来自队列的网络任务和操控网络。比如这只网卡桥接或改变iptables规则 nova-consoleauth daemon 在控制台代理提供用户授权令牌 nova-novncproxy daemon 提供了一个通过VNC连接来访问运行的虚拟机实例的代理。支持基于浏览器的novnc客户端 nova-spicehtml5proxy daemon 提供了一个通过spice 连接来访问运行的虚拟机实例的代理。支持基于浏览器的HTML5 客户端 nova-xvpnvncproxy daemon 提供了一个通过VNC连接来访问运行的虚拟机实例的代理。支持OpenStack-specific Java 客户端 nova-cert daemon x509 证书 nova-objectstore daemon 一个Amazon S3 的接口，用于将Amazon S3 的镜像注册到OpenStack euca2ools client 用于兼容于Amazon E2 接口的命令行工具 nova client nova命令行工具 The queue 在进程之间传递消息的中心。通常使用RabbitMQ SQL database 保存云基础设置建立和运行时的状态信息
2、组件工作流程
1、位置顺序
通过引擎发送给Libvirt，它是一个虚拟化管理平台，通过libvirt创建虚拟机
2、Nova内部沟通
3、Nova同其他组件进行沟通
3、构建实验
1、基础配置computer节点 [root@compute ~]# cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4 ::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6 192.168.222.5 controller.nice.com 192.168.222.6 network.nice.com 192.168.222.10 compute1.nice.com 192.168.222.20 block1.nice.com 2、时间与controller节点同步 [root@compute ~]# yum install -y ntpdate [root@compute ~]# ntpdate -u controller.nice.com 24 Jul 09:07:13 ntpdate[11003]: step time server 192.168.222.5 offset 9415.809954 sec [root@compute ~]# crontab -e # 分钟，小时，日，月，周，年 */1 * * * * ntpdate -u controller.nice.com &> /dev/null [root@compute ~]# systemctl restart crond [root@compute ~]# systemctl enable crond
1、配置controller节点
1、下面内容和keystone大体步骤一致，不在赘述细节 [root@controller ~]# mysql -uroot -pa Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 22 Server version: 5.5.37-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle, Monty Program Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> CREATE DATABASE nova; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON nova.* TO 'nova'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'NOVA_DBPASS'; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) MariaDB [(none)]> exit Bye [root@controller ~]# source admin-openrc.sh [root@controller ~]# keystone user-create --name nova --pass NOVA_PASS +----------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +----------+----------------------------------+ | email | | | enabled | True | | id | dc2dd2a42a84495d9f6373465ffbd971 | | name | nova | | username | nova | +----------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller ~]# keystone user-role-add --user nova --tenant service --role admin [root@controller ~]# keystone service-create --name nova --type compute --description "OpenStackCompute" +-------------+----------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+----------------------------------+ | description | OpenStackCompute | | enabled | True | | id | 83dffa8f523446b3b39066bca8039d96 | | name | nova | | type | compute | +-------------+----------------------------------+ [root@controller ~]# keystone endpoint-create \ > --service-id $(keystone service-list |awk '/compute/{print $2}')\ > --publicurl http://controller.nice.com:8774/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s \ > --internalurl http://controller.nice.com:8774/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s \ > --adminurl http://controller.nice.com:8774/v2/%\(tenant_id\)s \ > --region regionOne +-------------+--------------------------------------------------+ | Property | Value | +-------------+--------------------------------------------------+ | adminurl | http://controller.nice.com:8774/v2/%(tenant_id)s | | id | 6c9721728da34340bec08af358f418e3 | | internalurl | http://controller.nice.com:8774/v2/%(tenant_id)s | | publicurl | http://controller.nice.com:8774/v2/%(tenant_id)s | | region | regionOne | | service_id | 83dffa8f523446b3b39066bca8039d96 | +-------------+--------------------------------------------------+ [root@controller ~]# yum install openstack-nova-api openstack-nova-cert openstack-nova-conductor openstack-nova-console openstack-nova-novncproxy openstack-nova-scheduler python-novaclient 2、更改配置文件 [root@controller ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf a.编辑[database]小节，配置数据库访问： [database] ... connection = mysql://nova:NOVA_DBPASS@controller.nice.com/nova b.编辑[DEFAULT]小节，配置RabbitMQ消息队列访问： [DEFAULT] ... rpc_backend= rabbitrabbit_host= controller.nice.com rabbit_password= RABBIT_PASS c.编辑[DEFAULT]和[keystone_authtoken]小节，配置认证服务[DEFAULT] ... auth_strategy= keystone [keystone_authtoken] ... auth_uri= http://controller.nice.com:5000/v2.0 identity_uri= http://controller.nice.com:35357 admin_tenant_name= service admin_user= nova admin_password= NOVA_PASS d.编辑[DEFAULT]小节,配置my_ip选项为controller节点的管理接口ip:[DEFAULT] ... my_ip= 192.168.1.5 e.编辑[DEFAULT]小节，配置VNCdialing服务的使用controller节点的管理接口ip： [DEFAULT] ... vncserver_listen= 192.168.1.5 vncserver_proxyclient_address= 192.168.1.5 f.编辑[glance]小节,配置镜像服务器的位置： [glance] ... host = controller.nice.comg.（可选） 在[DEFAULT]小节中配置详细日志输出。方便排错。 [DEFAULT] ... verbose = True 3、初始化计算数据库 [root@controller ~]# su -s /bin/sh -c "nova-manage db sync" nova 启动计算服务并配置开机自动启动 [root@controller ~]# systemctl start openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-cert.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service [root@controller ~]# systemctl enable openstack-nova-api.service openstack-nova-cert.service openstack-nova-consoleauth.service openstack-nova-scheduler.service openstack-nova-conductor.service openstack-nova-novncproxy.service ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-api.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-api.service' ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-cert.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-cert.service' ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-consoleauth.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-consoleauth.service' ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-scheduler.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-scheduler.service' ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-conductor.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-conductor.service' ln -s '/usr/lib/systemd/system/openstack-nova-novncproxy.service' '/etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/openstack-nova-novncproxy.service'
2、配置compute节点
1、安装软件包 # yum install openstack-nova-compute sysfsutils [root@controller ~]# vim /etc/nova/nova.conf a.编辑[DEFAULT]小节，配置RabbitMQ消息队列访问： [DEFAULT] ... rpc_backend= rabbit rabbit_host= controller.nice.com rabbit_password= RABBIT_PASS b.编辑[DEFAULT]和[keystone_authtoken]小节，配置认证服务访问： [DEFAULT] ... auth_strategy= keystone [keystone_authtoken] ... auth_uri= http://controller.nice.com:5000/v2.0 identity_uri= http://controller.nice.com:35357 admin_tenant_name= service admin_user= nova admin_password= NOVA_PASS c.编辑[DEFAULT]小节，配置my_ip配置项： [DEFAULT] ... my_ip= MANAGEMENT_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS d.编辑[DEFAULT]小节，开启并配置远程控制台访问 [DEFAULT] ... vnc_enabled= True vncserver_listen= 0.0.0.0 vncserver_proxyclient_address= MANAGEMENT_INTERFACE_IP_ADDRESS novncproxy_base_url= http://controller.nice.com:6080/vnc_auto.html e.编辑[glance]小节，配置镜像服务器位置 [glance] ... host = controller.nice.com f.（可选）在[DEFAULT]小节中配置详细日志输出。方便排错。 [DEFAULT] ... verbose = True 完成安装 1、确认你的计算节点是否支持硬件虚拟化 # egrep-c '(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo 如果返回值>=1,则说明你的计算节点硬件支持虚拟化，无需额外配置。如果返回值=0，则活命你的计算节点硬件不支持虚拟化，你必须配置libvirt由使用KVM改为QEMU。 在/etc/nova/nova.conf文件中编辑[libvirt]小节 [libvirt] ... virt_type= qemu 2、启动计算服务及依赖服务，并设置他们开机自动启动。 # systemctlenable libvirtd.serviceopenstack-nova-compute.service# systemctlstart libvirtd.service# systemctlstart openstack-nova-compute.service
4、测试
[root@controller ~]# source admin-openrc.sh [root@controller ~]# nova service-list +----+------------------+---------------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+ | Id | Binary | Host | Zone | Status | State | Updated_at | Disabled Reason | +----+------------------+---------------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+ | 1 | nova-scheduler | controller.nice.com | internal | enabled | up | 2020-07-24T14:36:43.000000 | - | | 2 | nova-consoleauth | controller.nice.com | internal | enabled | up | 2020-07-24T14:36:43.000000 | - | | 3 | nova-conductor | controller.nice.com | internal | enabled | up | 2020-07-24T14:36:43.000000 | - | | 4 | nova-cert | controller.nice.com | internal | enabled | up | 2020-07-24T14:36:44.000000 | - | | 5 | nova-compute | compute1.nice.com | nova | enabled | up | 2020-07-24T14:36:46.000000 | - | +----+------------------+---------------------+----------+---------+-------+----------------------------+-----------------+ [root@controller ~]# nova image-list +--------------------------------------+---------------------+--------+--------+ | ID | Name | Status | Server | +--------------------------------------+---------------------+--------+--------+ | 807f460b-566a-4989-b166-dc83248d4a40 | cirros-0.3.3-x86_64 | ACTIVE | | +--------------------------------------+---------------------+--------+--------+
