1、安装测试
CMake 也可以指定安装规则,以及添加测试。这两个功能分别可以通过在产生 Makefile 后使用 make install
和 make test
来执行。在 GNU Makefile 里,你可能需要为此编写 install
和 test
两个伪目标和相应的规则,但在 CMake 里,这样的工作同样只需要简单的调用几条命令。
1.1定制安装规则
首先先在 math/CMakeLists.txt 文件里添加下面两行:
# 指定 MathFunctions 库的安装路径 install (TARGETS MathFunctions DESTINATION bin) install (FILES MathFunctions.h DESTINATION include)
指明 MathFunctions 库的安装路径。之后同样修改根目录的 CMakeLists 文件,在末尾添加下面几行:
# 指定安装路径 install (TARGETS Demo DESTINATION bin) install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include)
通过上面的定制,生成的 Demo 文件和 MathFunctions 函数库 libMathFunctions.o 文件将会被复制到 /usr/local/bin
中,而 MathFunctions.h 和生成的 config.h 文件则会被复制到 /usr/local/include
中。我们可以验证一下(顺带一提的是,这里的 /usr/local/
是默认安装到的根目录,可以通过修改 CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX
变量的值来指定这些文件应该拷贝到哪个根目录):
[root@hackett demo5]# make install Consolidate compiler generated dependencies of target MathFunctions [ 50%] Built target MathFunctions Consolidate compiler generated dependencies of target demo [100%] Built target demo Install the project... -- Install configuration: "" -- Installing: /usr/local/bin/demo -- Installing: /usr/local/include/config.h -- Installing: /usr/local/bin/libMathFunctions.a -- Installing: /usr/local/include/myMath.h [root@hackett demo5]# ls /usr/local/bin/ demo libMathFunctions.a [root@iZwz97bu0gr8vx0j8l6kkzZ demo5]# ls /usr/local/include/ config.h myMath.h
1.2工程添加测试
添加测试同样很简单。CMake 提供了一个称为 CTest 的测试工具。我们要做的只是在项目根目录的 CMakeLists 文件中调用一系列的 add_test
命令。
CMakeLists.txt cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10) # set the project name project(demo5) # 加入一个配置头文件,用于处理 CMake 对源码的设置 configure_file ( "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/config.h.in" "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" ) # 是否使用自己的 MathFunctions 库 option (USE_MYMATH "Use provided math implementation" ON) # 是否加入 MathFunctions 库 if (USE_MYMATH) include_directories ("${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/math") add_subdirectory (math) set (EXTRA_LIBS ${EXTRA_LIBS} MathFunctions) endif (USE_MYMATH) aux_source_directory(. DIR_SRCS) # 指定生成目标 add_executable(demo ${DIR_SRCS}) target_link_libraries(demo ${EXTRA_LIBS}) # 指定安装路径 install (TARGETS demo DESTINATION bin) install (FILES "${PROJECT_BINARY_DIR}/config.h" DESTINATION include) enable_testing() # 测试程序是否成功运行 add_test (test_run demo 3 2) add_test (test_35_2 demo 35 2) set_tests_properties (test_35_2 PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "37") add_test (test_5_2 demo 5 2) set_tests_properties (test_5_2 PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "7") add_test (test_2_3 demo 2 3) set_tests_properties (test_2_3 PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "5")
上面的代码包含了四个测试。第一个测试 test_run
用来测试程序是否成功运行并返回 0 值。剩下的三个测试分别用来测试 35 + 2 、5 + 2、2 + 3是否都能得到正确的结果。其中 PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION
用来测试输出是否包含后面跟着的字符串。
测试结果:
[root@hackett demo5]# make Consolidate compiler generated dependencies of target MathFunctions [ 50%] Built target MathFunctions Consolidate compiler generated dependencies of target demo [ 75%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/demo.dir/main.cpp.o [100%] Linking CXX executable demo [100%] Built target demo [root@hackett demo5]# make test Running tests... Test project /root/workspace/cmake/demo5 Start 1: test_run 1/4 Test #1: test_run ......................... Passed 0.00 sec Start 2: test_35_2 2/4 Test #2: test_35_2 ........................ Passed 0.00 sec Start 3: test_5_2 3/4 Test #3: test_5_2 ......................... Passed 0.00 sec Start 4: test_2_3 4/4 Test #4: test_2_3 ......................... Passed 0.00 sec 100% tests passed, 0 tests failed out of 4 Total Test time (real) = 0.01 sec
如果要测试更多的输入数据,像上面那样一个个写测试用例未免太繁琐。这时可以通过编写宏来实现:
# 定义一个宏,用来简化测试工作 macro (do_test arg1 arg2 result) add_test (test_${arg1}_${arg2} demo ${arg1} ${arg2}) set_tests_properties (test_${arg1}_${arg2} PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION ${result}) endmacro (do_test) # 使用该宏进行一系列的数据测试 do_test (35 2 "37") do_test (5 52 "7") do_test (2 3 "5")
关于 CTest 的更详细的用法可以通过 man 1 ctest
参考 CTest 的文档。
2、添加版本号
首先修改顶层 CMakeLists 文件,在 project
命令之后加入如下两行:
set (Demo_VERSION_MAJOR 1) set (Demo_VERSION_MINOR 0)
分别指定当前的项目的主版本号和副版本号。
之后,为了在代码中获取版本信息,我们可以修改 config.h.in 文件,添加两个预定义变量:
// the configured options and settings for Tutorial #define Demo_VERSION_MAJOR @Demo_VERSION_MAJOR@ #define Demo_VERSION_MINOR @Demo_VERSION_MINOR@
这样就可以直接在代码中打印版本信息了:
#include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include "config.h" #ifdef USE_MYMATH #include "math/myMath.h" #else #include <math.h> #endif int sub(int a, int b) { return (a - b); } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { if (argc < 3) { printf("Usage: %s argv[1] argv[2] \n", argv[0]); return 1; } printf("version : %d.%d\n", Demo_VERSION_MAJOR, Demo_VERSION_MINOR); int a = atof(argv[1]); int b = atoi(argv[2]); #ifdef USE_MYMATH printf("Now we use our own Math library. \n"); int result = add(a, b); printf("%d + %d = %d\n", a, b, result); #else printf("Now we use the main.cpp sub function. \n"); int result = sub(a, b); printf("%d - %d = %d\n", a, b, result); #endif return 0; }
运行结果:
[root@hackett demo7]# cmake . -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /root/workspace/cmake/demo7 [root@hackett demo7]# make Consolidate compiler generated dependencies of target MathFunctions [ 25%] Building CXX object math/CMakeFiles/MathFunctions.dir/myMath.cpp.o [ 50%] Linking CXX static library libMathFunctions.a [ 50%] Built target MathFunctions [ 75%] Building CXX object CMakeFiles/demo.dir/main.cpp.o [100%] Linking CXX executable demo [100%] Built target demo [root@hackett demo7]# ./demo 2 3 version : 1.0 Now we use our own Math library. 2 + 3 = 5
3、生成安装包
如何配置生成各种平台上的安装包,包括二进制安装包和源码安装包。为了完成这个任务,我们需要用到 CPack ,它同样也是由 CMake 提供的一个工具,专门用于打包。
首先在顶层的 CMakeLists.txt 文件尾部添加下面几行:
# 构建一个 CPack 安装包 include (InstallRequiredSystemLibraries) set (CPACK_RESOURCE_FILE_LICENSE "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/License.txt") set (CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MAJOR "${Demo_VERSION_MAJOR}") set (CPACK_PACKAGE_VERSION_MINOR "${Demo_VERSION_MINOR}") include (CPack)
上面的代码做了以下几个工作:
- 导入 InstallRequiredSystemLibraries 模块,以便之后导入 CPack 模块;
- 设置一些 CPack 相关变量,包括版权信息和版本信息,其中版本信息用了上一节定义的版本号;
- 导入 CPack 模块。
创建一个`License.txt
文件
touch License.txt
接下来的工作是像往常一样构建工程,并执行 cpack
命令。
- 生成二进制安装包:
cpack -C CPackConfig.cmake
- 生成源码安装包
cpack -C CPackSourceConfig.cmake
我们可以试一下。在生成项目后,执行 cpack -C CPackConfig.cmake
命令:
[root@hackett demo8]# cmake . -- Configuring done -- Generating done -- Build files have been written to: /root/workspace/cmake/demo8 [root@hackett demo8]# cpack -C CPackConfig.cmake CPack: Create package using STGZ CPack: Install projects CPack: - Run preinstall target for: demo8 CPack: - Install project: demo8 [CPackConfig.cmake] CPack: Create package CPack: - package: /root/workspace/cmake/demo8/demo8-1.0.1-Linux.sh generated. CPack: Create package using TGZ CPack: Install projects CPack: - Run preinstall target for: demo8 CPack: - Install project: demo8 [CPackConfig.cmake] CPack: Create package CPack: - package: /root/workspace/cmake/demo8/demo8-1.0.1-Linux.tar.gz generated. CPack: Create package using TZ CPack: Install projects CPack: - Run preinstall target for: demo8 CPack: - Install project: demo8 [CPackConfig.cmake] CPack: Create package CPack: - package: /root/workspace/cmake/demo8/demo8-1.0.1-Linux.tar.Z generated. [root@hackett demo8]# ls CMakeCache.txt cmake_install.cmake config.h CPackConfig.cmake CPackSourceConfig.cmake demo demo8-1.0.1-Linux.tar.gz install_manifest.txt main.cpp math CMakeFiles CMakeLists.txt config.h.in _CPack_Packages CTestTestfile.cmake demo8-1.0.1-Linux.sh demo8-1.0.1-Linux.tar.Z License.txt Makefile
这 3 个二进制包文件所包含的内容是完全相同的。我们可以执行其中一个。此时会出现一个由 CPack 自动生成的交互式安装界面:
[root@hackett demo8]# sh demo8-1.0.1-Linux.sh demo8 Installer Version: 1.0.1, Copyright (c) Humanity This is a self-extracting archive. The archive will be extracted to: /root/workspace/cmake/demo8 If you want to stop extracting, please press <ctrl-C>. Do you accept the license? [yn]: y By default the demo8 will be installed in: "/root/workspace/cmake/demo8/demo8-1.0.1-Linux" Do you want to include the subdirectory demo8-1.0.1-Linux? Saying no will install in: "/root/workspace/cmake/demo8" [Yn]: y Using target directory: /root/workspace/cmake/demo8/demo8-1.0.1-Linux Extracting, please wait... Unpacking finished successfully
完成后提示安装到了 demo8-1.0.1-Linux 子目录中,我们可以进去执行该程序:
[root@hackett demo8]# ls CMakeCache.txt cmake_install.cmake config.h CPackConfig.cmake CPackSourceConfig.cmake demo demo8-1.0.1-Linux.sh demo8-1.0.1-Linux.tar.Z main.cpp math CMakeFiles CMakeLists.txt config.h.in _CPack_Packages CTestTestfile.cmake demo8-1.0.1-Linux demo8-1.0.1-Linux.tar.gz install_manifest.txt Makefile [root@hackett demo8]# ./demo8-1.0.1-Linux/bin/demo 3 2 version : 1.0 Now we use our own Math library. 3 + 2 = 5
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